maven打包dubbo服务接口（maven-assembly-plugin）--jar

一、Dubbo服务的运行方式

1、使用Servlet容器运行（Tomcat、Jetty等）----不可取 缺点：增加复杂性（端口、管理）
tomcat/jetty等占用端口,dubbo服务也需要端口
浪费资源（内存）:单独启动tomcat,jetty占用内存大
2、自建Main方法类来运行（spring容器） ----不建议（本地调试可用） 
缺点： Dobbo本身提供的高级特性没用上
自已编写启动类可能会有缺陷
3、使用Dubbo框架提供的Main方法类来运行（Spring容器）----建议使用 优点：框架本身提供（com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main）
可实现优雅关机（ShutdownHook）
注意点

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1. spring-context.xml  
2. <import resource="classpath:spring/xxx.xml" />  

官方：服务容器的加载内容可以扩展，内置了spring, jetty, log4j等加载，可通过Container扩展点进行扩展
Dubbo是通过JDK的ShutdownHook来完成优雅停机的，所以如果用户使用"kill -9 PID"等强制关闭指令，是不会执行优雅停机的，只有通过"kill PID"时，才会执行。
原理：
服务提供方停止时，先标记为不接收新请求，新请求过来时直接报错，让客户端重试其它机器。 然后，检测线程池中的线程是否正在运行，如果有，等待所有线程执行完成，除非超时，则强制关闭。
服务消费方停止时，不再发起新的调用请求，所有新的调用在客户端即报错。然后，检测有没有请求的响应还没有返回，等待响应返回，除非超时，则强制关闭。

二、Maven构建Dubbo服务可执行Jar包的配置

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1. <!--MAVEN打包duboo可执行jar begin -->  
2. <build>  
3.     <finalName>mydubbo-server</finalName>  
4.   
5.     <resources>  
6.         <resource>  
7.             <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>  
8.             <directory>src/main/resources</directory>  
9.             <filtering>true</filtering>  
10.             <includes>  
11.                 <include>**/*.xml</include>  
12.                 <include>**/*.properties</include>  
13.             </includes>  
14.         </resource>  
15.         <!-- 结合com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main -->  
16.         <resource>  
17.             <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes/META-INF/spring</targetPath>  
18.             <directory>src/main/resources/spring</directory>  
19.             <filtering>true</filtering>  
20.             <includes>  
21.                 <include>spring-context.xml</include>  
22.             </includes>  
23.         </resource>  
24.     </resources>  
25.       
26.     <pluginManagement>  
27.         <plugins>  
28.             <!-- 解决Maven插件在Eclipse内执行了一系列的生命周期引起冲突 -->  
29.             <plugin>  
30.                 <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>  
31.                 <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>  
32.                 <version>1.0.0</version>  
33.                 <configuration>  
34.                     <lifecycleMappingMetadata>  
35.                         <pluginExecutions>  
36.                             <pluginExecution>  
37.                                 <pluginExecutionFilter>  
38.                                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
39.                                     <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
40.                                     <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>   
41.                                     <goals>  
42.                                         <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>  
43.                                     </goals>  
44.                                 </pluginExecutionFilter>  
45.                                 <action>  
46.                                     <ignore />  
47.                                 </action>  
48.                             </pluginExecution>  
49.                         </pluginExecutions>  
50.                     </lifecycleMappingMetadata>  
51.                 </configuration>  
52.             </plugin>  
53.         </plugins>  
54.     </pluginManagement>  
55.     <plugins>  
56.         <!-- 打包jar文件时，配置manifest文件，加入lib包的jar依赖 -->  
57.         <plugin>  
58.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
59.             <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>  
60.             <configuration>  
61.                 <classesDirectory>target/classes/</classesDirectory>  
62.                 <archive>  
63.                     <manifest>  
64.                         <mainClass>com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main</mainClass>  
65.                         <!-- 打包时 MANIFEST.MF文件不记录的时间戳版本 -->  
66.                         <useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>  
67.                         <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>  
68.                         <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>  
69.                     </manifest>  
70.                     <manifestEntries>  
71.                         <Class-Path>.</Class-Path>  
72.                     </manifestEntries>  
73.                 </archive>  
74.             </configuration>  
75.         </plugin>  
76.         <plugin>  
77.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
78.             <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
79.             <executions>  
80.                 <execution>  
81.                     <id>copy-dependencies</id>  
82.                     <phase>package</phase>  
83.                     <goals>  
84.                         <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>  
85.                     </goals>  
86.                     <configuration>  
87.                         <type>jar</type>  
88.                         <includeTypes>jar</includeTypes>  
89.                         <useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>  
90.                         <outputDirectory>  
91.                             ${project.build.directory}/lib  
92.                         </outputDirectory>  
93.                     </configuration>  
94.                 </execution>  
95.             </executions>  
96.         </plugin>  
97.     </plugins>  
98. </build>  
99. <!--MAVEN打包duboo可执行jar end -->  

用Maven将工程打成jar包后，进入工程的target目录后，将mydubbo-server.jar和lib目录拷贝到指定的目录下，命令行运行java -jar mydubbo-server.jar就可以运行dubbo服务了。(注：lib目录下的所有jar包是mydubbo-server.jar的依赖jar)