安装ubuntu 18.04以后的事

一、修改源：

安装Ubuntu 18.04后，使用国外源太慢了，修改为国内源会快很多。

修改阿里源为Ubuntu 18.04默认的源

1. 备份/etc/apt/sources.list

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2.在/etc/apt/sources.list文件前面添加如下条目

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

添加阿里源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3.最后执行如下命令更新源

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

另外其他几个国内源如下：

中科大源:

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

163源:

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源:

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

二、设置vim:

1.安装vim：

apt-get install vim

2.配置vim：

syntax on
set nu
set autoindent
set smartindent
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set showmatch
set ruler
set cindent
set background=dark

:wq!

三、搜狗输入法的安装：

1.先去搜狗官网下载搜狗输入法Linux版（要对应系统的位数（32位/64位））

2.安装搜狗输入法：

sudo dpkg  -i  sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install -f

对应自己的下载的版本号进行安装

3.配置输入法：
第一步

根据红色箭头进入语言安装界面，安装语言（会自动安装中文语言）

第二步

根据下方箭头更爱输入框架为fcitx，然后点击上面的Apply System-Wide应用到全局。然后将当前用户进行注销后再进行登录。

4.将搜狗输入法设置为默认输入法

登陆后在右上角出现一个键盘标志，点击进入，选择Configure Current Input Method

第三步

进入下面的Input Method界面后，选择+号

第四步

进入到Add input method界面，将下面的Only Show Current Language 点掉后，在搜索栏搜索搜狗拼音，选中之后进行添加。

第五步

添加成功后，将搜狗拼音移到第一位。

第六步

成功之后，打开浏览器随便输入，可以看到输入结果，同时成功后下方还会出现搜狗输入法的标志，这时候就可以通过shirt键切换中英文。

第七部

四、Google浏览器的安装：

按照以下代码依次操作即可：

sudo wget https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/

wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub  | sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable

五、安装wps：

1、先去WPS官网下载wps Linux版（要对应系统的位数（32位/64位））；

sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.5672~a21_amd64.deb2.

2、下载字体库

国外下载地址：

国内下载地址：

3、安装字体库

unzip wps_symbol_fonts.zip

4.将字体库移动到/usr/share/fonts目录

sudo mv *.ttf *.TTF /usr/share/fonts

六、安装python3.6

1、更新源：

sudo apt-get update

2、安装安全公共组件：

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

3、添加python3.6环境：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6

4.再次更新源：

sudo apt-get update

5.安装python3.6：

sudo apt-get install python3.6

6.配置python3.6：

cd /usr/bin/

sudo rm python

sudo ln -s python3.6 python

7.安装pip:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

8.升级pip：

sudo python pip install --upgrade pip

使用pip3 可能出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last): File “/usr/bin/pip3”, line 9, in
from pip import main
或者pip 时也出现这个问题这是pip 10.0.0版本的BUG 注：现在这个问题好像已经解决了

解决办法
修改 /usr/bin/pip 文件

sudo vim /usr/bin/pip

将
from pip import main
if name == ‘main‘:
sys.exit(main())

改为：

from pip import __main__
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(__main__._main())

：wq!

六、安装mysql

1.安装：

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

安装过程中并不会像ubuntu 16.04一样让你设置root用户的登录密码。这是因为ubuntu 18.04 不再支持MySQL 5.7，只支持MySQL 8.0，然而默认安装的是MySQL 5.7，所以安装过程中没有提示设置MySQL密码。不过通过以下设置可以启用MySQL 5.7。

2.设置普通用户账号和密码：

查看MySQL5.7默认账号和密码：

 sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

结果如下：

# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = hGu99nJgoWcmCDKT
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = hGu99nJgoWcmCDKT
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
basedir  = /usr

3.登录MySQL默认账号和密码

mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p

然后终端会提示你输入密码

Enter password:

这时输入文件中的password后边的密码即可登录

4.修改MySQL账户和密码：

经过度娘的指导，我所安装的版本是5.7，所以password字段已经被删除，取而代之的是authentication_string字段，所以要更改密码：

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string='password' where user='root'and Host = 'localhost';

password：你设置的账户密码
root：你设置的账户名称
如果显示：

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

则代表成功修改

5.开启root用户的全称的访问权限：

sudo mysql -uroot -p(回车，输入密码)

此密码是你刚才设置的密码

use mysql;

update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '密码';

此密码是你想更新的密码，用刚才设置的密码也可以

flush privileges;

quit

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

将bind-address = 127.0.0.1修改为bind-address = 0.0.0.0

:wq!

重启MySQL服务

sudo service mysql restart

重启/打开/关闭MySQL的方法是：
sudo service mysql restart/start/stop

七、彻底删除MySQL

此教程是你想安装MySQL 8.0或者重装MySQL 5.7的前提条件，如果你没有这两个需求，此教程可以忽略！

1.删除 mysql:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-*

sudo apt-get remove mysql-server

sudo apt-get autoremove mysql-server

sudo apt-get remove mysql-common

2.清理残留数据

dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P

八、使Ubuntu支持读取exfat格式的U盘

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils