智能合约
开发工具
Truffle 智能合约开发
安装
$ npm install -g ethereumjs-testrpc truffle启动
$ testrpc
EthereumJS TestRPC v6.0.3 (ganache-core: 2.0.2)
Available Accounts
==================
(0) 0x4927ee940390ea04396cdf45f8738efe34bc8cda
(1) 0x620f6185921c5098484fff59de44660408949da0
(2) 0x0948dc8f299e11947763ac5261fbec839bbe71fd
(3) 0xfbc433617f8eaba563adf82741d0b1083c787e31
(4) 0x33c095e2e0fdcf75d7657132f557ca68426e6e11
(5) 0x3596f5f81ac005c2ab6f4c0656bd2a0f4580af6a
(6) 0x98fb51da126450a6df0238addc4c3afc90c6e72d
(7) 0xe3c6e8378165725dc40539eb062b177daf48f843
(8) 0xfa28789a1f301d0b8d13e38d150ca84c05e834f9
(9) 0x43c86685df60442e0c4763c41fc1c2aa42e31437
Private Keys
==================
(0) 13e84c6f2264596a555ecf50c075cad011f70ded50dd751e9fea8586e8c36316
(1) be172cbc48294823ab38d263b6d846599a3c70269595e3ff9595f1463a3292fd
(2) a8b1010b89669e654bfe3d00373410290f6eec85bf81ef915c870fd2be35aa43
(3) 5aebf98da3414310ec1cc16327f5d073e0117e0b2018e64640d5c7c25996a6f0
(4) 5e6482bc2c1811fc113fc45979f2300807d1708a0e4f2a003bf6e0c20439b987
(5) 040311fcee969480e217b77d4d49ea0afe2e2c6a32a457e05dad34c54d090cc0
(6) b7cffb5c534a3021fc4155b81e5b45139a5b4885c04e96213c4ad797a202af6c
(7) 92db051b72d1901cdf386daa35f54ad9ae762f471133d4d0682d903b0af9d60d
(8) 0d54ef7d404b6b876237638bb422028be2113a171e3d4630965b34fab5e8acfc
(9) 7252563b853e3b3bf6c5d9cf819d8fb035b90a7769f86e2629d7dbd5ea0f8775
HD Wallet
==================
Mnemonic: home survey unfair twenty tumble shaft verb income cigar harvest warm flash
Base HD Path: m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}
Listening on localhost:8545
初始化工程
wangxinguo@EF-WANGXINGUO MINGW64 /d/DApp/truffle
$ mkdir HelloWorld
wangxinguo@EF-WANGXINGUO MINGW64 /d/DApp/truffle
$ cd HelloWorld/
wangxinguo@EF-WANGXINGUO MINGW64 /d/DApp/truffle/HelloWorld
$ truffle init
Downloading...
Unpacking...
Setting up...
Unbox successful. Sweet!
Commands:
Compile: truffle compile
Migrate: truffle migrate
Test contracts: truffle test
wangxinguo@EF-WANGXINGUO MINGW64 /d/DApp/truffle/HelloWorld
$ ll
total 2
drwxr-xr-x 1 wangxinguo 1049089 0 七月 5 16:11 build/
drwxr-xr-x 1 wangxinguo 1049089 0 七月 5 16:06 contracts/
drwxr-xr-x 1 wangxinguo 1049089 0 七月 5 16:36 migrations/
drwxr-xr-x 1 wangxinguo 1049089 0 七月 5 16:01 test/
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangxinguo 1049089 584 七月 5 16:21 truffle.js
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangxinguo 1049089 545 七月 5 16:01 truffle-config.js
编写合约
HelloWorld.sol
pragma solidity ^0.4.4;
contract HelloWorld {
function sayHello() returns (string) {
return "Hello world";
}
}编译
生成build文件
$ truffle compile部署合约
修改migrations\2_deploy_contracts.js
var HelloWorld = artifacts.require("HelloWorld");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(HelloWorld);
};
部署
wangxinguo@EF-WANGXINGUO MINGW64 /d/DApp/truffle/HelloWorld
$ truffle migrate
Error: No network specified. Cannot determine current network.
wangxinguo@EF-WANGXINGUO MINGW64 /d/DApp/truffle/HelloWorld
$ truffle migrate
Using network 'development'.
Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
Deploying Migrations...
... 0xad0e3a65ff378250602d006be234a5f77ef649cdf62d71bacde32f71b15b7531
Migrations: 0xf848fb353a350a2e2c4580c64b3b476938d3a985
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0x49f3fab0213571cd7cab493b25f749693ef4d072be305f7f897b0a698e85e6cf
Saving artifacts...
Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
Deploying HelloWorld...
... 0x45cafe53dd0012cf62f976d37790623090cfb2fc29a186ea76641a3e5e745250
HelloWorld: 0x1c2cfd8c56972d7c551d6bd495a03824c2589194
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0xf0914d6cae838858c02bf1c6368ca083d5500fbfcb7b5f1cb10f9eb891945b36
Saving artifacts...
部署失败，需要修改文件truffle.js
module.exports = {
networks: {
development: {
host: "localhost",
port: 8545,
network_id: "*" // 匹配任何network id
}
}
};获取合约对象
$ truffle console
truffle(development)> let contract
undefined
truffle(development)> HelloWorld.deployed().then(instance => contract = instance)
TruffleContract {
constructor:
{ [Function: TruffleContract]
_static_methods:
{ setProvider: [Function: setProvider],
new: [Function: new],
at: [Function: at],
deployed: [Function: deployed],
defaults: [Function: defaults],
hasNetwork: [Function: hasNetwork],
isDeployed: [Function: isDeployed],
detectNetwork: [Function: detectNetwork],
setNetwork: [Function: setNetwork],
resetAddress: [Function: resetAddress],
link: [Function: link],
clone: [Function: clone],
addProp: [Function: addProp],
toJSON: [Function: toJSON] },
_properties:
{ contract_name: [Object],
contractName: [Object],
abi: [Object],
network: [Function: network],
networks: [Function: networks],
address: [Object],
transactionHash: [Object],
links: [Function: links],
events: [Function: events],
binary: [Function: binary],
deployedBinary: [Function: deployedBinary],
unlinked_binary: [Object],
bytecode: [Object],
deployedBytecode: [Object],
sourceMap: [Object],
deployedSourceMap: [Object],
source: [Object],
sourcePath: [Object],
legacyAST: [Object],
ast: [Object],
compiler: [Object],
schema_version: [Function: schema_version],
schemaVersion: [Function: schemaVersion],
updated_at: [Function: updated_at],
updatedAt: [Function: updatedAt] },
_property_values: {},
_json:
{ contractName: 'HelloWorld',
abi: [Array],
bytecode: '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',
deployedBytecode: '0x608060405260043610610041576000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063ef5fb05b14610046575b600080fd5b34801561005257600080fd5b5061005b6100d6565b6040518080602001828103825283818151815260200191508051906020019080838360005b8381101561009b578082015181840152602081019050610080565b50505050905090810190601f1680156100c85780820380516001836020036101000a031916815260200191505b509250505060405180910390f35b60606040805190810160405280600b81526020017f48656c6c6f20776f726c640000000000000000000000000000000000000000008152509050905600a165627a7a72305820d540aaa7d3d21783829ff5aef0e77b259d6341917f26fec070513a1f3a5a6e140029',
sourceMap: '27:100:0:-;;;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;27:100:0;;;;;;;',
deployedSourceMap: '27:100:0:-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;54:70;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;54:70:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;23:1:-1;8:100;33:3;30:1;27:10;8:100;;;99:1;94:3;90:11;84:18;80:1;75:3;71:11;64:39;52:2;49:1;45:10;40:15;;8:100;;;12:14;54:70:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;83:6;98:20;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;54:70;:::o',
source: 'pragma solidity ^0.4.4;\r\n\r\ncontract HelloWorld {\r\n\r\n function sayHello() returns (string) {\r\n return "Hello world";\r\n }\r\n}\r\n',
sourcePath: 'D:\\DApp\\truffle\\HelloWorld\\contracts\\HelloWorld.sol',
ast: [Object],
legacyAST: [Object],
compiler: [Object],
networks: [Object],
schemaVersion: '2.0.1',
updatedAt: '2018-07-05T08:39:07.157Z' },
setProvider: [Function: bound setProvider],
new: [Function: bound new],
at: [Function: bound at],
deployed: [Function: bound deployed],
defaults: [Function: bound defaults],
hasNetwork: [Function: bound hasNetwork],
isDeployed: [Function: bound isDeployed],
detectNetwork: [Function: bound detectNetwork],
setNetwork: [Function: bound setNetwork],
resetAddress: [Function: bound resetAddress],
link: [Function: bound link],
clone: [Function: bound clone],
addProp: [Function: bound addProp],
toJSON: [Function: bound toJSON],
web3:
Web3 {
_requestManager: [Object],
currentProvider: [Object],
eth: [Object],
db: [Object],
shh: [Object],
net: [Object],
personal: [Object],
bzz: [Object],
settings: [Object],
version: [Object],
providers: [Object],
_extend: [Object] },
class_defaults:
{ from: '0x4927ee940390ea04396cdf45f8738efe34bc8cda',
gas: 6721975,
gasPrice: 100000000000 },
currentProvider:
HttpProvider {
host: 'http://localhost:8545',
timeout: 0,
user: undefined,
password: undefined,
headers: undefined,
send: [Function],
sendAsync: [Function],
_alreadyWrapped: true },
network_id: '1530777346103' },
abi:
[ { constant: false,
inputs: [],
name: 'sayHello',
outputs: [Array],
payable: false,
stateMutability: 'nonpayable',
type: 'function' } ],
contract:
Contract {
_eth:
Eth {
_requestManager: [Object],
getBalance: [Object],
getStorageAt: [Object],
getCode: [Object],
getBlock: [Object],
getUncle: [Object],
getCompilers: [Object],
getBlockTransactionCount: [Object],
getBlockUncleCount: [Object],
getTransaction: [Object],
getTransactionFromBlock: [Object],
getTransactionReceipt: [Object],
getTransactionCount: [Object],
call: [Object],
estimateGas: [Object],
sendRawTransaction: [Object],
signTransaction: [Object],
sendTransaction: [Object],
sign: [Object],
compile: [Object],
submitWork: [Object],
getWork: [Object],
coinbase: [Getter],
getCoinbase: [Object],
mining: [Getter],
getMining: [Object],
hashrate: [Getter],
getHashrate: [Object],
syncing: [Getter],
getSyncing: [Object],
gasPrice: [Getter],
getGasPrice: [Object],
accounts: [Getter],
getAccounts: [Object],
blockNumber: [Getter],
getBlockNumber: [Object],
protocolVersion: [Getter],
getProtocolVersion: [Object],
iban: [Object],
sendIBANTransaction: [Function: bound transfer] },
transactionHash: null,
address: '0x1c2cfd8c56972d7c551d6bd495a03824c2589194',
abi: [ [Object] ],
sayHello:
{ [Function: bound ]
request: [Function: bound ],
call: [Function: bound ],
sendTransaction: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function: bound ],
getData: [Function: bound ],
'': [Circular] },
allEvents: [Function: bound ] },
sayHello:
{ [Function]
call: [Function],
sendTransaction: [Function],
request: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function] },
sendTransaction: [Function],
send: [Function],
allEvents: [Function: bound ],
address: '0x1c2cfd8c56972d7c551d6bd495a03824c2589194',
transactionHash: null }
调用合约
call只是本地调用，只读
truffle(development)> contract.sayHello.call()
'Hello world'需要花费gas
truffle(development)> contract.sayHello()
{ tx: '0xbcdd3d18e262b4c5703b15ba6695280e87c29150995ae9dcbe36b257065e0f22',
receipt:
{ transactionHash: '0xbcdd3d18e262b4c5703b15ba6695280e87c29150995ae9dcbe36b257065e0f22',
transactionIndex: 0,
blockHash: '0xaa7fbd9c93dfa295e295e01e6d1cd8359a7a004ad13d65459848fea2c1f785fa',
blockNumber: 7,
gasUsed: 21877,
cumulativeGasUsed: 21877,
contractAddress: null,
logs: [],
status: 1 },
logs: [] }
修改合约
增加方法 echo
// constant 方法只读,默认执行call方法，不需要花费gas
function echo(string name) constant returns (string) {
return name;
}重新编译、部署、运行
$ truffle compile
$ truffle migrate --reset
truffle(development)> contract.echo("区块链")
'区块链'直接启动
$ truffle develop
// 编译
truffle(develop)> complile
// 部署
truffle(develop)> migrate
Using network 'develop'.
// 运行
truffle(development)> let contract
undefined
truffle(development)> HelloWorld.deployed().then(instance => contract = instance)
// 调用
truffle(development)> contract.sayHello.call()
'Hello world'