交换机实验、VLAN创建

其他 2018-07-27 02:30:47 阅读次数: 0

2018-7-16

连接路由器

配置两台PC机的IP地址 处于不同网段

 

配置路由器

Router>en
Router#
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int fa0/0                       //定义0/0接口
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no sh 
Router(config-if)#int fa0/1                    //定义0/1接口
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no sh                        //激活接口
Router(config-if)#do wr
Router(config-if)#do show ip rou               //显示所有IP路由
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0      //路由表
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

配置路由器R1 ip：192.168.1.1/24

R1#conf t
R1(config)#int g0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]

配置路由器R2 IP：192.168.1.2/24

Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#no ip domain lookup 
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#no exec-timeout 
Router(config-line)#logg synchronous 
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router(config)#int g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no sh
Router(config-if)#do wr

配置交换机

Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Switch(config)#ho Sw1
Sw1(config)#no ip domain lookup 
Sw1(config)#line c 0
Sw1(config-line)#no exec-timeout 
Sw1(config-line)#logg s
Sw1(config-line)#exit
Sw1(config)#do wr

在R1路由器pingR2路由器

R1#ping 192.168.1.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms

R1显示ARP报文

R1#show arp 
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr   Type   Interface
Internet  192.168.1.1             -   00D0.BCCA.5601  ARPA   GigabitEthernet0/0
Internet  192.168.1.2             0   0090.2B30.6C01  ARPA   GigabitEthernet0/0
  • 源IP地址：192.168.1.1
  • 源MAC地址:00D0.BCCA.56501
  • 目的IP地址：192.168.1.2
  • 目的MAC地址:0090.2B30.6C01

R2显示ARP报文

Router#SHOW ARp 
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr   Type   Interface
Internet  192.168.1.1             4   00D0.BCCA.5601  ARPA   GigabitEthernet0/0
Internet  192.168.1.2             -   0090.2B30.6C01  ARPA   GigabitEthernet0/0

交换机中显示ARP报文

Sw1#show mac-address-table 
          Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

Vlan    Mac Address       Type        Ports
----    -----------       --------    -----

   1    0090.2b30.6c01    DYNAMIC     Fa0/2
   1    00d0.bcca.5601    DYNAMIC     Fa0/1

*如果是PC，查看ARP表项: arp -a


C:\Users\Grind>arp -a

接口: 192.168.42.51 --- 0x2
  Internet 地址         物理地址              类型
  192.168.42.129        9e-b0-36-97-f4-71     动态
  192.168.42.255        ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff     静态
  224.0.0.22            01-00-5e-00-00-16     静态
  224.0.0.252           01-00-5e-00-00-fc     静态
  255.255.255.255       ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff     静态

 搭建三PC连接统一交换机

Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name A
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#name B
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#int fa0/1
Switch(config-if)#sw acc vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#no sh
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int fa0/2
Switch(config-if)#sw acc valn 20
                          ^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
	
Switch(config-if)#sw acc vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#no sh
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int sw vlan 10
                    ^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
	
Switch(config)#int vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#int vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#ip ad
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip ad
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#ip routing
Switch(config)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up

Switch(config)#en
% Ambiguous command: "en"
Switch(config)#int fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#no sh
Switch(config-if)#do wr\
Translating "wr\"...domain server (255.255.255.255) % Name lookup aborted
Switch(config-if)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]

三台PC互相PING通

*在同一广播域的设备，只需要配置在同一网段中，就可以相互ping通

配置不同的路由地址

在PC机ping相同网段与不同网段的主机 

Switch#conf t
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#int range fa0/2,fa0/3
Switch(config-if-range)#sw acc vlan 20
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Switch(config)#int vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no sh
Switch(config-if)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
C:\>ping 192.168.20.2

Pinging 192.168.20.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 192.168.20.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

C:\>ping 192.168.10.1

Pinging 192.168.10.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 192.168.10.1:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

C:\>ping 192.168.10.1

Pinging 192.168.10.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.10.1:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

创建VLAN

搭建网络

创建VLAN


Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#ho SW1
SW1(config)#no ip domain lookup 
SW1(config)#line c 0
SW1(config-line)#no exec-timeout 
SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous 
SW1(config-line)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW1(config-line)#exit
SW1(config)#vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)#name A
SW1(config-vlan)#exit
SW1(config)#int range fastEthernet0/1, fastEthernet 0/4
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10 //将接口加入VLAN10
//原则：一个接口只能加入1个VLAN，不能加入多个VLAN
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access //接口模式的定义为访问模式
//如果交换机接口下连接的是终端，那么这个接口默认为ACCESS模式
SW1(config-if-range)#exit
SW1(config)#int range fa0/3
SW1(config-if-range)#sw access vlan 10
SW1(config-if-range)#exit
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#vlan 20                //创建VLAN20
SW1(config-vlan)#name B 
SW1(config-vlan)#exit
SW1(config)#int f0/2               //设置fa0/2接口
SW1(config-if)#sw mod ac           //switchport mode access
SW1(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20       //switchport access vlan
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#do wr 
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW1(config)#do show vlan b          //显示所有VLAN信息

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
                                                Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
                                                Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
                                                Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
                                                Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10   A                                active    Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
20   B                                active    Fa0/2
1002 fddi-default                     active    
1003 token-ring-default               active    
1004 fddinet-default                  active    
1005 trnet-default                    active    
SW1(config)#

 

VLAN创建的方法

  1. 全局配置模式下（推荐）：
  2. VLAN配置模式下：
  3. 接口加入VLAN时：
  4. 特权模式下（不推荐）：
  5. *不能创建VLAN

VLAN保存位置

以太网接口加组：多个接口有相同配置

工作方式

流量过滤选择响应的接口 

sw trunk allowed vlan XXXX 

 

C:\>ping 192.168.10.1
Pinging 192.168.10.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=127
Ping statistics for 192.168.10.1:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1ms

 交换机配置

SW_TWO(config)#ho SW_TWO
SW_TWO(config)#int fa0/2
SW_TWO(config-if)#sw mo ac
SW_TWO(config-if)#sw ac vlan 10
SW_TWO(config-if)#exit
SW_TWO(config)#int f0/3
SW_TWO(config-if)#sw mo ac
SW_TWO(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20
SW_TWO(config-if)#int fa0/1
SW_TWO(config-if)#sw mo tr
SW_TWO(config-if)#do wr

 三层交换机配置

Switch>en
Switch#en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#ho SW-THREE
SW-THREE(config)#int fa0/1
SW-THREE(config-if)#sw tr en dot
SW-THREE(config-if)#exit
SW-THREE(config)#int vlan 10
SW-THREE(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
SW-THREE(config-if)#no sh
SW-THREE(config-if)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW-THREE(config-if)#exit 
SW-THREE(config)#int vlan 20
SW-THREE(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
SW-THREE(config-if)#no sh
SW-THREE(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

SW-THREE(config-if)#
SW-THREE(config-if)#do show vlan 

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
                                                Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
                                                Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1
                                                Gig0/2
1002 fddi-default                     active    
1003 token-ring-default               active    
1004 fddinet-default                  active    
1005 trnet-default                    active    

VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
1002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0   
1003 tr    101003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0   
1004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      -        ieee -        0      0   
1005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      -        ibm  -        0      0   

VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------

Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type              Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW-THREE(config-if)#exit
SW-THREE(config)#
SW-THREE(config)#int fa0/1
SW-THREE(config-if)#sw mo tr
SW-THREE(config-if)#sw mo trunk 
SW-THREE(config-if)#sh

SW-THREE(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

SW-THREE(config-if)#no sh

SW-THREE(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

SW-THREE(config-if)#ip routing
SW-THREE(config)#
SW-THREE(config)#do show vlan b

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
                                                Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
                                                Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1
                                                Gig0/2
1002 fddi-default                     active    
1003 token-ring-default               active    
1004 fddinet-default                  active    
1005 trnet-default                    active    
SW-THREE(config)#vlan 10
SW-THREE(config-vlan)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

SW-THREE(config-vlan)#name A
SW-THREE(config-vlan)#EXIT
SW-THREE(config)#vlan 20
SW-THREE(config-vlan)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

SW-THREE(config-vlan)#name B
SW-THREE(config-vlan)#int vlan 100
SW-THREE(config-if)#ip add
SW-THREE(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
% 192.168.10.0 overlaps with Vlan10
SW-THREE(config-if)#int vlan 10
SW-THREE(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
SW-THREE(config-if)#int vlan 20
SW-THREE(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
SW-THREE(config-if)#no sh

 

 配置

 在二层交换机中设置好VLAN后不需要对VLAN的IP地址进行配置，在三层交换机中存在物理接口与逻辑接口可以对VLAN进行地址的配置进行通信.

Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#int fa0/2
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#int vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#int fa0/1
Switch(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#int fa0/2
Switch(config-if)#sw ac vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#do w
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).
                   ^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
	
Switch(config-if)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Switch(config-if)#
Switch(config-if)#int fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#sw mo tr
Switch(config-if)#sw mo trunk 
Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is "Auto" can not be configured to "trunk" mode.
Switch(config-if)#
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

Switch(config-if)#int vlan 
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

                   ^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
	
Switch(config-if)#int fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#sw mo tr
Switch(config-if)#sw mo trunk 
Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is "Auto" can not be configured to "trunk" mode.
Switch(config-if)#
Switch(config-if)#
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

Switch(config-if)#int vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#i pad
Switch(config-if)#ip a
Switch(config-if)#ip ad
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#do wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Switch(config-if)#int v
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

% Ambiguous command: "int v"
Switch(config)#int fa0/2
Switch(config-if)#sw ac vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#sw mo tr
Switch(config-if)#sw mo trunk 
Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is "Auto" can not be configured to "trunk" mode.
Switch(config-if)#
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

Switch(config-if)#
Switch(config-if)#
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#int fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#sw mo tr
Command rejected: An interface whose trunk encapsulation is "Auto" can not be configured to "trunk" mode.
Switch(config-if)#
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/2 (10), with Switch FastEthernet0/1 (1).

Switch(config-if)#
Switch(config-if)#sw tr en
Switch(config-if)#sw tr encapsulation do
Switch(config-if)#sw tr encapsulation dot1q 
Switch(config-if)#sw mo tr

Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#int range fa0/2,fa0/3
Switch(config-if-range)#sw ac vlan 100
% Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan 100
Switch(config-if-range)#sw ac vlan 10
% Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan 10
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Switch(config)#int fa0/1
Switch(config-if)#sw mo tr

Switch(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#int vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#int vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip ad
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#do wr

交换机默认配置下是一个完整的广播域、二层域、局域网

所有接口均默认放在VLAN1（本征VLAN）

交换机即插即用，所有业务流量均放在VLAN1下

为了合理的使用交换机的接口，适应目前多业务环境，VLAN技术得以广泛应用

VLAN virtual local area network

底层虚拟化，交换机接口的虚拟化

通过VLAN的方式将特定的端口划分进某一台虚拟交换机

此时只有同一VLAN接口可以直连互通，不同VLAN的接口被逻辑隔离

交换机接口的工作模式：

  1. access access模式承接单一特定VLAN的流量

通常和主机，服务器终端相连的交换机接口会配置access模式

access模式的数据帧在交换机之间转发时不需要修改任何帧格式。

vlan XXX

switchport mode access

switchport access vlan XXX

    2.trunk trunk模式可以承接多个VLAN流量 主干链路

通常和交换机互联的接口会配置trunk模式，多vlan需要通过trunk模式的数据帧，在从trunk口出的时候会被重新封装802.1q 并且打上VLAN的标签

逻辑上区分不同VLAN的流量

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switch mode trunk

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