MySQL在windows系统的安装

引言

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB 公司开发，目前属于 Oracle 旗下产品。MySQL分为社区版和商业版，具有体积小、速度快、成本低、开源的优点。MySQL备受互联网公司青睐，如腾讯、阿里选择MySQL作为其数据库管理软件。之前学习使用SQL Server作为DBMS，由于体量过大现在将注意力转移到体积较小的MySQL上来。

下载与安装

MySQL官网：https://www.mysql.com/
MySQL官网提供Installer（安装）版和Archive（文档）版，两种类型的安装包。Installer安装包支持分别安装X86和X64两种系统位数的安装，而Archive版X86和X64需要分别下载安装。鉴于开发的应用会安装在X86和X64系统上，因此推荐使用Installer版MySQL。当然实际使用时安装Installer和Archive二者之一即可。

MySQL软件下载

MySQL Installer 下载
mysql-installer-community-5.7.19.0.msi:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=471661

MySQL Archive 下载
mysql-5.7.19-win32.zip：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=471341
mysql-5.7.19-winx64.zip：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=471342

MySQL 安装

Installer版安装过程

双击打开mysql-installer-community-5.7.19.0.msi
根据自己需要选择安装模式，这里选择只安装服务器，并设置路径，没有特别需要默认路径即可
设置类型和网络，默认设置
设置账户和密码，需要牢记
设置Windows服务，默认设置
应用调试，执行
安装成功，进行验证，开始菜单中打开MySQL命令行工具

打开命令行工具

输入设置的Root密码，输入show datases查看当前存在的数据库

Archive版安装过程

解压mysql-5.7.19-winx64.zip，并复制粘贴到想要安装的位置，比如放在C:\Program Files下面

MySQL Server 5.7是前面安装的Installer版，mysql-5.7.19-winx64是经过解压后的文件
将ysql-5.7.19-winx64文件名，修改为MySQL Server 5.7 X64，不改也可以
添加环境变量，C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7 X64\bin
在MySQL目录中新建文件夹datax64，修改MySQL默认的配置文件，最新版的MySQL中并没有配置文件，我们自己在路径C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7 X64下新建my.ini文件，并修改内容如下后保存。

# Other default tuning values
# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
#
#
# Installation Instructions
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options, # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. # # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option # "--defaults-file". # # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g. # net start MySQLXY # # # Guildlines for editing this file # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports. # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program # with the "--help" option. # # More detailed information about the individual options can also be # found in the manual. # # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # # # CLIENT SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications. # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the # MySQL client library initialization. # [client] # pipe # socket=0.0 port=3306 [mysql] no-beep default-character-set=utf8 # SERVER SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this # file. # # server_type=3 [mysqld] # The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below. # skip-networking # enable-named-pipe # shared-memory # shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL # The Pipe the MySQL Server will use # socket=MYSQL # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on port=3306 # Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this. # basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.7/" # Path to the database root datadir=C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.7/Data # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is # created and no character set is defined character-set-server=utf8 # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when default-storage-engine=INNODB # Set the SQL mode to strict sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" # Enable Windows Authentication # plugin-load=authentication_windows.dll # General and Slow logging. log-output=FILE general-log=0 general_log_file="LILY-PC.log" slow-query-log=1 slow_query_log_file="LILY-PC-slow.log" long_query_time=10 # Binary Logging. # log-bin # Error Logging. log-error="LILY-PC.err" # Server Id. server-id=1 # Secure File Priv. secure-file-priv="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.7/Uploads" # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the # connection limit has been reached. max_connections=151 # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value # is high enough for your load. # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a # slowdown instead of a performance improvement. query_cache_size=0 # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in # section [mysqld_safe] table_open_cache=2000 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many # of them. tmp_table_size=11M # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't # more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) thread_cache_size=10 #*** MyISAM Specific options # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created # through the key cache (which is slower). myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the # key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index. myisam_sort_buffer_size=13M # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be # used for internal temporary disk tables. key_buffer_size=8M # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. read_buffer_size=25K read_rnd_buffer_size=256K #*** INNODB Specific options *** # innodb_data_home_dir=0.0 # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space # and speed up some things. # skip-innodb # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large # (even with long transactions). innodb_log_buffer_size=1M # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may # cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not # set it too high. innodb_buffer_pool_size=8M # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the # recovery process. innodb_log_file_size=48M # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing. innodb_thread_concurrency=9 # The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full. innodb_autoextend_increment=64 # The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into. # For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency, # by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages. innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8 # Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently. innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000 # Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before # it can be moved to the new sublist. innodb_old_blocks_time=1000 # It specifies the maximum number of .ibd files that MySQL can keep open at one time. The minimum value is 10. innodb_open_files=300 # When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements. innodb_stats_on_metadata=0 # When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table # in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace. innodb_file_per_table=1 # Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none. innodb_checksum_algorithm=0 # The number of outstanding connection requests MySQL can have. # This option is useful when the main MySQL thread gets many connection requests in a very short time. # It then takes some time (although very little) for the main thread to check the connection and start a new thread. # The back_log value indicates how many requests can be stacked during this short time before MySQL momentarily # stops answering new requests. # You need to increase this only if you expect a large number of connections in a short period of time. back_log=80 # If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and # synchronize unflushed data to disk. # This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources. flush_time=0 # The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use # indexes and thus perform full table scans. join_buffer_size=256K # The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the # mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function. max_allowed_packet=4M # If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection, # the server blocks that host from performing further connections. max_connect_errors=100 # Changes the number of file descriptors available to mysqld. # You should try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives you the error "Too many open files". open_files_limit=4161 # Set the query cache type. 0 for OFF, 1 for ON and 2 for DEMAND. query_cache_type=0 # If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the # sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization # or improved indexing. sort_buffer_size=256K # The number of table definitions (from .frm files) that can be stored in the definition cache. # If you use a large number of tables, you can create a large table definition cache to speed up opening of tables. # The table definition cache takes less space and does not use file descriptors, unlike the normal table cache. # The minimum and default values are both 400. table_definition_cache=1400 # Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes. # Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256. binlog_row_event_max_size=8K # If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its master.info file to disk. # (using fdatasync()) after every sync_master_info events. sync_master_info=10000 # If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk. # (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log. sync_relay_log=10000 # If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk. # (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions. sync_relay_log_info=10000 # Indicates how is the InnoDB Cluster configured as (Classic, Sandbox, Master or Slave). # innodbclustertypeselection=ClassicMySQLReplication # Indicates how is the InnoDB Cluster is/will be named. # innodbclustername="sandboxCluster" # Indicates how many instances will the InnoDB cluster sandbox will have. # innodbclusterinstances=0 # Holds the InnoDB Cluster Username. # innodbclusterusername # Indicates the InnoDB Cluster URI. # innodbclusteruri # Indicates the InnoDB Cluster Port. # innodbclusterport=3306 # Load mysql plugins at start."plugin_x ; plugin_y". # plugin_load # MySQL server's plugin configuration. # loose_mysqlx_port=33060

以管理员身份运行cmd，输入命令 cd C:\Program Files\mysql-5.7.16-winx64\bin 回车
输入mysqld –initialize-insecure –user=mysql 回车
输入 mysqld install 回车
输入net start mysql 回车启动mysql服务
从上图看到mysql服务已经启动了，我们输入mysql -u root -p 回车登录mysql数据库
要求输入密码，刚刚安装完是没有密码的，直接回车
到这里就成功了

给MySQL安装图形化操作工具

对于初次接触MySQL的用户，尤其是从SQL Server过来的用户，看到使用cmd窗口操作MySQL是不是有些无从下手。这一小节就讲述一下如何给MySQL安装GUI工具。下面是几个图形化的管理工具：
1、phpMyAdmin
2、MySQLDumper
3、Navicat
4、MySQL GUI Tools
5、MySQL ODBC Connector
在MySQL GUI Tools和Navicat之间，我选择Navicat，理由如下：Navicat for MySQL可以与任何3.21或以上版本的MySQL一起工作，支持大部分的MySQL最新功能，包括触发器、存储过程、函数、事件、视图、管理用户，等等。它不仅对专业开发人员来说是非常尖端的技术，而且对于新手来说也易学易用。它可以使用户连接到本地/远程服务器，提供了几种实用工具，例如数据结构同步、导入/导出、备份和报告，使维护数据的过程很容易。

下载安装链接Navicat

完整卸载MySQL

停止mysql服务，cmd模式下输入net stop mysql;
进入控制面板卸载mysql;
删除mysql文件夹下的my.ini文件及所有文件;
运行“regedit”文件,打开注册表
删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\Eventlog\Application\MySQL文件夹
删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet002\Services\Eventlog\Application\MySQL文件夹。
删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog\Application\MySQL的文件夹。
删除C盘下的“C:\ProgramData\MySQL ”所有文件，该programData文件是隐藏的默认，设置显示后即可见。
以管理员权限的方式打开cmd命令窗口，然后将在dos命令中输入命令：
sc delete mysql //这里的mysql是你要删除的服务名。

总结

这篇博文里关于MySQL的安装和测试，分别是用了Installer和Archive两种安装方式安装MySQL，实际使用时候选择其中一种方式即可。我个人推荐Installer，毕竟简单直观。下篇文章里将讲述如何搭建Qt+MySQL的开发环境，毕竟开发服务用户才最终目的。

参考

http://www.jb51.net/article/83646.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/ludwig_/article/details/52634587