Docker安装与镜像管理（一）

一、安装docker

yum install epel-resase

yum install docker-io （RHEL6）

yum install docker （RHEL7）

系统：

[root@kvm ~]# uname -a

Linux kvm.huangming.org 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/issue

CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

Kernel \r on an \m

二、启动docker

[root@kvm ~]# /etc/init.d/docker start

Starting docker: [ OK ]

[root@kvm ~]# ps -ef |grep docker

root 3900 1 1 19:28 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/bin/docker -d

root 3927 3900 34 19:28 pts/0 00:00:04 mkfs.ext4 -E nodiscard,lazy_itable_init=0 /dev/mapper/docker-8:3-1573967-base

root 3938 3606 0 19:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep docker

三、镜像管理

docker pull centos

#从docker.com获取centos镜像
docker images

#查看本地镜像
docker tag centos test-img

#为centos镜像设置标签为test-img，在使用docker image查看时会多出一行，更改的image id和centos的一样
docker search [image-name]

#搜索docker仓库里的docker镜像
docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash

#用下载到的镜像开启容器，-i表示让容器的标准输入打开，-t表示分配一个伪终端，要把-i -t放到镜像名字的前面。当镜像发生修改后，我们可以把该镜像提交重新生成一个新版本运行在本地
docker ps

#查看运行的容器，加-a选项可以查看没有运行的容器
docker rmi centos

#用来删除指定的镜像，其中后面的参数可以是tag，如果是tag时，实际上是删除该tag，只要该镜像还有其他的tag，就不会删除该镜像。当后面的参数为ID时，则会彻底删除整个镜像，连同所有的标签。

1、下载centos镜像

[root@kvm ~]# docker pull centos

latest: Pulling from centos

47d44cb6f252: Already exists

6fdebd7b0eb5: Already exists

a63aae4d216f: Already exists

Digest: sha256:381f21e4c7b3724c6f420b2bcfa6e13e47ed155192869a2a04fa10f944c78476

Status: Image is up to date for centos:latest

2、查看下载到本地镜像

[root@kvm ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

3、查看docker仓库镜像

[root@kvm ~]# docker search centos

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

centos The official build of CentOS. 2069 [OK]

jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.7 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.2.1511 x8... 18 [OK]

jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php CentOS-6 6.7 x86_64 / Apache / PHP / PHP M... 14 [OK]

million12/centos-supervisor Base CentOS-7 with supervisord launcher, h... 10 [OK]

blalor/centos Bare-bones base CentOS 6.5 image 8 [OK]

nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 8 [OK]

torusware/speedus-centos Always updated official CentOS docker imag... 7 [OK]

centos/mariadb55-centos7 3 [OK]

nathonfowlie/centos-jre Latest CentOS image with the JRE pre-insta... 3 [OK]

nickistre/centos-lamp LAMP on centos setup 3 [OK]

consol/sakuli-centos-xfce Sakuli end-2-end testing and monitoring co... 2 [OK]

softvisio/centos Centos 1 [OK]

layerworx/centos CentOS container with etcd, etcdctl, confd... 1 [OK]

yajo/centos-epel CentOS with EPEL and fully updated 1 [OK]

lighthopper/orientdb-centos A Dockerfile for creating an OrientDB imag... 1 [OK]

darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 1 [OK]

timhughes/centos Centos with systemd installed and running 1 [OK]

januswel/centos yum update-ed CentOS image 0 [OK]

drokar/centos-s6 centOS combined with s6, a small process s... 0 [OK]

lighthopper/openjdk-centos A Dockerfile for creating an OpenJDK image... 0 [OK]

ustclug/centos USTC centos 0 [OK]

blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 0 [OK]

grayzone/centos auto build for centos. 0 [OK]

jsmigel/centos-epel Docker base image of CentOS w/ EPEL installed 0 [OK]

grossws/centos CentOS 6 and 7 base images with gosu and l... 0 [OK]

4、开启一个容器docker run -it centos /bin/bash

1 2	`[root@kvm ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash` `[root@8c1fd812d079 /]#`

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# uname -a

Linux 8c1fd812d079 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# w

11:55:12 up 42 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.01

USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# ps

PID TTY TIME CMD

1 ? 00:00:00 bash

16 ? 00:00:00 ps

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# uptime

11:55:21 up 42 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.01

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/docker-8:3-1573967-8c1fd812d0790d1868bcec389a50c6f7a08c6c099167141393af0961e7b850be ext4 9.8G 230M 9.0G 3% /

tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev

shm tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda3 ext4 43G 4.6G 36G 12% /etc/hosts

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# exit

[root@kvm ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

f732106147eb centos "/bin/bash" 17 seconds ago Up 15 seconds high_heisenberg

8c1fd812d079 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago grave_mcclintock

5、修改镜像名称

[root@kvm ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

[root@kvm ~]# docker tag centos test-img

[root@kvm ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

test-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

[root@kvm ~]# docker tag test-img centos:test-img2

[root@kvm ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

test-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

centos test-img2 bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

6、删除镜像

[root@kvm ~]# docker rmi centos:test-img2

Untagged: centos:test-img2

[root@kvm ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

test-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

四、docker镜像使用容器生成新的镜像

1、启动镜像

[root@kvm ~]# docker start 8c1fd

8c1fd

[root@kvm ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

f732106147eb centos "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 43 seconds ago high_heisenberg

8c1fd812d079 centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 3 seconds

2、进入已启动的容器docker exec -it 【镜像ID，可以简写】 /bin/bash

1 2	`[root@kvm ~]# docker exec -it 8c1fd /bin/bash` `[root@8c1fd812d079 /]#`

3、在容器中安装软件（安装网卡包net-tools）

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# yum install net-tools wget -y

[root@8c1fd812d079 /]# ifconfig

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

inet 172.17.0.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0

inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>

ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)

RX packets 5419 bytes 10411538 (9.9 MiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 4127 bytes 268377 (262.0 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>

loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

4、生成新的镜像

docker commit -m "change somth" -a "somebody info" container_id new-image

例如：docker commit -m "install httpd" -a "test-image1" 8c1fd812d079 test/centos

[root@kvm ~]# docker commit -m "centos_with_nettools_and_wget" -a "author" 8c1fd812d079 centos_new1

3e4be15719e03e909f39a7c03f3c7cd4fa6f2a8e282b2b88204d0224104b20e6

[root@kvm ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos_new1 latest 3e4be15719e0 16 seconds ago 268 MB

centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

test-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

五、docker基于本地模版导入创建镜像

1、下载地址https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/

2、下载一个镜像模版

导入镜像

#cat centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - centos-6-x86_64

导出镜像

#docker save -o new-centos.tar new-image/centos

恢复本地镜像

#docker load --input new-centos.tar 或者 docker load < new-centos.tar

上传镜像到dockerhub官网，前提需要注册一个用户

#docker push image-name

3、导入镜像

1 2	`[root@kvm src]# cat centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz \| docker import - centos-6-x86_64` `1014358cbf3b643cae13e830afc539cbf0e02aa40f6c77583898a0cbd33a9561`

查看镜像

[root@kvm src]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos-6-x86_64 latest 1014358cbf3b About a minute ago 326.4 MB

centos_new1 latest 3e4be15719e0 24 hours ago 268 MB

test-img latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

centos latest bb3d629a7cbc 3 weeks ago 196.6 MB

4、导出镜像

[root@kvm src]# docker save -o centos_net_01.tar bb3d629a7cbc

[root@kvm src]# du -sh centos_net_01.tar

195M centos_net_01.tar

5、强制删除镜像

[root@kvm src]# docker rmi -f bb3d629a7cbc

Untagged: centos:latest

Untagged: test-img:latest

6、恢复镜像

[root@kvm src]# docker load < centos_net_img2.tar

[root@kvm src]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos-6-x86_64 latest 1014358cbf3b 18 minutes ago 326.4 MB

<none> <none> 3e4be15719e0 24 hours ago 268 MB

[root@kvm src]# docker tag 3e4be15719e0 centos_net_img:latest

[root@kvm src]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos-6-x86_64 latest 1014358cbf3b 21 minutes ago 326.4 MB

centos_net_img latest 3e4be15719e0 24 hours ago 268 MB

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Docker安装与镜像管理（一）

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