SpringCloud入门实战之二:服务消费者(rest+ribbon)

在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring Cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign,在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于 ribbon+rest

ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制http和tcp的一些行为,Feign默认集成了ribbon。

这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,首先启动eureka-server工程;然后启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。

确保上面3个服务端口都已启动,使用STS开发工具New--->Spring Starter Project

创建一个服务消费者名称为service-ribbon的工程,这是第3个独立的工程

我们需要手动添加一个依赖:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

项目自动生成的pom.xml文件内容如下(上面的那个依赖除外):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.contoso</groupId>
	<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>service-ribbon</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
		</dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>


</project>

在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml(完整文件名由空文件application.properties修改而来)内容如下:

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8764
spring:
  application:
    name: service-ribbon

在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean:restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能:

package com.contoso;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args );
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,在这里我们 直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名, 代码如下:

package com.contoso;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
public class HelloService {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public String hiService(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-hi/hi?name="+name,String.class);
    }

}

写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:

package com.contoso;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return helloService.hiService( name );
    }
}

在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=Jack,浏览器交替显示:

本篇blog源码spring-cloud-example2.zip

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转载自blog.csdn.net/zhengzizhi/article/details/81119463
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