springboot集成rabbitMQ实现消息的推送

RabbitMQ消息中间件组件，目前比较流行的消息中间件有:RabbitMQ、RocketMQ、ActiveMQ、Kafka等。

我的代码中用的是RabbitMQ，先介绍几个概念：

一：消息队列的特性如下：

异步性，将耗时的同步操作通过以发送消息的方式进行了异步化处理，减少了同步等待的时间。
松耦合，消息队列减少了服务之间的耦合性，不同的服务可以通过消息队列进行通信，而不用关心彼此的实现细节，只要定义好消息的格式就行。
分布式，通过对消费者的横向扩展，降低了消息队列阻塞的风险，以及单个消费者产生单点故障的可能性（当然消息队列本身也可以做成分布式集群）。
可靠性，消息队列一般会把接收到的消息存储到本地硬盘上（当消息被处理完之后，存储信息根据不同的消息队列实现，有可能将其删除），这样即使应用挂掉或者消息队列本身挂掉，消息也能够重新加载。
二：AMQP（Advanced Message Queuing Protocol）高级消息队列协议，
是应用层协议的一个开放标准，为面向消息的中间件设计。消息中间件主要用于组件之间的解耦，消息的发送者无需知道消息使用者的存在，反之亦然。

AMQP 的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由（包括点对点和发布/订阅）、可靠性、安全。

RabbitMQ 是一个开源的 AMQP 实现，服务器端用 Erlang 语言编写，支持多种客户端，如 Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP 等，支持 AJAX。用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息，在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现不俗。三：消息发送过程中的几个对象
发消息者 send
队列 queue
收消息者 receive
交换器 Exchange
路由 routing
发送者------交换器(路由并且过滤消息)-------队列(队列存储并发送消息)------接收者
虚拟主机、交换机、队列和绑定。
一个虚拟主机持有一组交换机、队列、绑定。RabbitMQ 当中，用户只能在虚拟主机的粒度进行权限控制。因此，如果需要禁止 A 组访问 B 组的交换机/队列/绑定，必须为 A 和 B 分别创建一个虚拟主机。每一个 RabbitMQ 服务器都有一个默认的虚拟主机“/”。
交换器常用的规则：topic（最灵活。根据路由键可以模糊匹配）fanout(广播形式的) 一下是我的测试代码。都测试通过！

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Bean
    public Queue helloQueue() {
        return new Queue("hello");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue neoQueue() {
        return new Queue("neo");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue objectQueue() {
        return new Queue("object");
    }


}

定义三个队列名称分别为hello.neo.object

发送者

@Component
public class HelloSend {
    public static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloSend.class);
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    public void send(){
        String message = "hello "+new Date();
        logger.info("message:"+message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",message);
        logger.info("队列发送成功");
    }
}

接受者监听hello队列

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
public class HelloReceiver {
    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String hello) {
        System.out.println("Receiver  : " + hello);
    }
}

以上是最简单的直接向队列里面发送信息。接收者监听队列并接受信息 TOPIC模式的信息推送(分红色的代码前后对应。如果不对应需要在队列上添加（name=""）指明调用的具体队列名称

package com.neo.rabbitmq.send.topic;


import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * topic交换机模式配置类: 描述信息
 *
 * @author liyy
 * @date 2018-07-18 18:36
 */
@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig {
    public static final String message = "topic.message";

    public static final String messages = "topic.messages";

    /**
     * 定义消息队列1
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "queueMessage")
    public Queue messageQueue(){
        return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.message);
    }

    /**
     * 定义消息队列2
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "queueMessages")
    public Queue messagesQueue(){
        return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.messages);
    }

    /**
     * 定义交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange exchange(){
        return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定消息队列到交换机,路由key:topic.message
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.message");
    }


    /**
     * 绑定消息队列到交换机,路由key:topic.#
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeMessages(Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#");
    }

}

package com.neo.rabbitmq.send.topic;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * : 描述信息
 *
 * @author liyy
 * @date 2018-07-18 18:52
 */
@Component
public class TopicSend {

    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

    public void send1(){
        String context = "hi, i am message 1";

        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.message",context);
    }


    public void send2(){
        String context = "hi, i am message 2";

        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.messages",context);//交换机、路邮键
    }

}

package com.neo.rabbit.topic;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message")
public class TopicReceiver {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message) {
        System.out.println("Topic Receiver1  : " + message);
    }

}

package com.neo.rabbit.topic;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.messages")
public class TopicReceiver2 {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message) {
        System.out.println("Topic Receiver2  : " + message);
    }

}

send1的测试结果:

2018-07-19 13:51:12.325 INFO 37968 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.n.rabbitmq.receive.topic.TopicReceive : Topic Receiver1 hi, i am message 1
2018-07-19 13:51:12.332 INFO 37968 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.n.r.receive.topic.TopicReceive2 : Topic Receiver2 hi, i am message 1

send2的测试结果:

2018-07-19 13:50:02.416 INFO 51108 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.n.r.receive.topic.TopicReceive2 : Topic Receiver2 hi, i am message 2

最后再测一个广播模式的交换器

package com.neo.rabbitmq.send.fanout;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 广播模式: 描述信息
 *
 * @author liyy
 * @date 2018-07-19 10:44
 */
@Configuration
public class FanoutRabbitConfig {
    public static String  queueA = "fanoutqueueA";

    public static String  queueB = "fanoutqueueB";

    public static String  queueC = "fanoutqueueC";

    @Bean(name = "queueA")
    public Queue queueA(){
        return new Queue(FanoutRabbitConfig.queueA);
    }

    @Bean(name = "queueB")
    public Queue queueB(){
        return new Queue(FanoutRabbitConfig.queueB);
    }

    @Bean(name = "queueC")
    public Queue queueC(){
        return new Queue(FanoutRabbitConfig.queueC);
    }

    /**
     * 定义广播模式的交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
        return new FanoutExchange("exchange");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定交换机到队列
     */
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeA(Queue queueA, FanoutExchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(exchange);
    }
    /**
     * 绑定交换机到队列
     */
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeB(Queue queueB, FanoutExchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange);
    }
    /**
     * 绑定交换机到队列
     */
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeC(Queue queueC, FanoutExchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC).to(exchange);
    }

}

package com.neo.rabbitmq.send.fanout;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * : 描述信息
 *
 * @author liyy
 * @date 2018-07-18 18:52
 */
@Component
public class FanoutSend {

    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

    public void send(){
        String context = "hi, i am message 1";
        //routing key设置为空串
        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","",context);
    }


}

package com.neo.rabbitmq.receive.fanout;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 接受者: 描述信息监听队列,可以接受对象
 *
 * @author liyy
 * @date 2018-07-18 17:25
 */
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanoutqueueA")
public class FanoutReceive1 {
    public static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FanoutReceive1.class);

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){
        logger.info("fanoutA Receiver1  "+message);
    }
}

package com.neo.rabbitmq.receive.fanout;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 接受者: 描述信息监听队列,可以接受对象
 *
 * @author liyy
 * @date 2018-07-18 17:25
 */
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanoutqueueB")
public class FanoutReceive2 {
    public static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FanoutReceive2.class);

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){
        logger.info("fanoutB Receiver2  "+message);
    }
}

package com.neo.rabbitmq.receive.fanout;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 接受者: 描述信息监听队列,可以接受对象
 *
 * @author liyy
 * @date 2018-07-18 17:25
 */
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanoutqueueC")
public class FanoutReceive3 {
    public static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FanoutReceive3.class);

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){
        logger.info("fanoutC Receiver3  "+message);
    }
}

测试结果：
2018-07-19 11:34:09.680 INFO 55432 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.n.r.receive.fanout.FanoutReceive3 : fanoutC Receiver3 hi, i am message 1
2018-07-19 11:34:09.680 INFO 55432 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.n.r.receive.fanout.FanoutReceive2 : fanoutB Receiver2 hi, i am message 1
2018-07-19 11:34:09.680 INFO 55432 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.n.r.receive.fanout.FanoutReceive1 : fanoutA Receiver1 hi, i am message 1

springboot集成rabbitMQ实现消息的推送

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