python交互式图形编程

简单图形编程

笑脸代码

from graphics import*

win = GraphWin()
face = Circle(Point(100,95),50)
leftEye = Circle(Point(80,80),5)
leftEye.setFill("yellow")
leftEye.setOutline("red")
rightEye = Circle(Point(120,80),5)
rightEye.setFill("yellow")
rightEye.setOutline("red")
mouth = Line(Point(80,110),Point(120,110))

face.draw(win)
mouth.draw(win)
leftEye.draw(win)
rightEye.draw(win)

input("Press <enter>")

图形界面编程

小栗子1：点击10次图形界面框，控制打印点击的坐标

from graphics import*

def main():
    win = GraphWin("Click Me!")
    for i in range(10):
        p = win.getMouse()
        print("You clicked at:",p.getX(),p.getY())
main()

运行结果

小栗子2：交互式绘制五边形

#coding=gbk
from graphics import*

def main():
    win = GraphWin("Draw a polygon",300,300)
    win.setCoords(0.0, 0.0, 300.0, 300.0)
    message = Text(Point(150,20),"Click on five points")
    message.draw(win)
    #获得多边形的6个点
    p1 = win.getMouse()
    p1.draw(win)
    p2 = win.getMouse()
    p2.draw(win)
    p3 = win.getMouse()
    p3.draw(win)
    p4 = win.getMouse()
    p4.draw(win)
    p5 = win.getMouse()
    p5.draw(win)
    p6 = win.getMouse()
    p6.draw(win)
    #使用Polygon对象绘制多边形
    polygon = Polygon(p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6)
    polygon.setFill("peachpuff")
    polygon.setOutline("black")
    polygon.draw(win)
    #等待响应鼠标事件，退出程序
    message.setText("Click anywehere to quit.")
    win.getMouse()
main()

小栗子3：温度转换

#coding=gbk
from graphics import *
 
win = GraphWin("Celsius Converter", 400, 300)
win.setCoords(0.0, 0.0, 3.0, 4.0)
# 绘制接口
Text(Point(1,3), " Celsius Temperature:").draw(win)
Text(Point(1,1), "Fahrenheit Temperature:").draw(win)
input = Entry(Point(2,3), 5)
input.setText("0.0")
input.draw(win)
output = Text(Point(2,1),"")
output.draw(win)
button = Text(Point(1.5,2.0),"Convert It")
button.draw(win)
Rectangle(Point(1,1.5), Point(2,2.5)).draw(win)
# 等待鼠标点击
win.getMouse()
# 转换输入
celsius = eval(input.getText())
fahrenheit = 9.0/5.0 * celsius + 32.0
# 显示输出，改变按钮
output.setText(fahrenheit)
button.setText("Quit")
# 等待响应鼠标点击，退出程序
win.getMouse()
win.close()

使用Tkinter创建GUI

小栗子1：tk库初试

from tkinter import *
tk = Tk()
label = Label(tk,text = "Welcome to Python Tkinter")
button = Button(tk, text = "Click Me")
label.pack()
button.pack()
tk.mainloop()

小栗子2：响应用户事件

#coding=gbk
from tkinter import *

#定义回调函数
def processOK():
    print("OK button is clicked")

def processCancel():
    print("Cancel button is clicked")
    
def main():
    tk=Tk()
    btnOK = Button(tk,text = "OK",fg = "red",command = processOK)
    btnCancel = Button(tk, text = "Cancel", bg = "yellow",command = processCancel)
    btnOK.pack()
    btnCancel.pack()
    tk.mainloop()
main()

小栗子3：画布显示文字、图片或者绘制图形

from tkinter import *

def main():
    tk = Tk()
    canvas = Canvas(tk,width = 200, height = 200)
    canvas.pack()
    canvas.create_text(100,40,text = "Welcom to Tkinter",fill = "blue",font = ("Times",16))
    myImage = PhotoImage(file = "python_logo.gif")
    canvas.create_image(10,70,anchor = NW, image = myImage)
    canvas.create_rectangle(10,70,190,130)
    tk.mainloop()
main()

小栗子4：上下左右键控制图形移动

from tkinter import *
 
def main():   
    tk = Tk()
    canvas = Canvas(tk, width = 400, height = 400)
    canvas.pack()
 
    def moverectangle(event):
        if event.keysym == "Up":
            canvas.move(1,0,-5)
        elif event.keysym == "Down":
            canvas.move(1,0,5)
        elif event.keysym == "Left":
            canvas.move(1,-5,0)
        elif event.keysym == "Right":
            canvas.move(1,5,0)
         
    canvas.create_rectangle(180,180,220,220,fill="red")
    canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Up>",moverectangle)
    canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Down>",moverectangle)
    canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Left>",moverectangle)
    canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Right>",moverectangle)
 

main()