12306火车刷票（python练习题）

本程序的几个注意点：

1、selenium定位元素

2、登录时，输入验证码（难点）,目前采用手动输入验证码

3、选择始发地和目的地（难点），需要结合js调试代码

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import winsound


class TrainTest(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)

    def test_open_browser(self):
        # 打开12306网站
        self.driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/init')

        # 点击“登录”按钮进入登录页，此处需要考虑登录元素的加载速度
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'login_user')))
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_user').click()

        # 输入12306账号和密码，输入验证码，点击登录按钮
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('username').clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('XXXXXX')
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('password').clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('XXXXXXXX')
        sleep(5)   # 设置睡眠时间5秒，用来手动选择验证码
        print("请回到页面选择对应的验证码图片……")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('loginSub').click()

        # 点击“车票预订”按钮，跳转到车票预订页面，此处需要考虑“车票预订”元素的加载速度
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, '车票预订')))
        self.driver.find_element_by_link_text('车票预订').click()

        # 选择始发地、目的地、出发时间、车程类型
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').click()
        # setTimeout(function(){debugger;}, 5000) 利用js代码冻结浏览器窗口
        self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('[title=杭州]').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('toStationText').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('[title=北京]').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('train_date').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body > div.cal-wrap > div:nth-child(1) '
                                                 '> div.cal-cm > div:nth-child(24) > div').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="G"]').click()
        # todo 选择非热门的城市

        # 循环刷票
        while True:
            try:
                # 点击查询按钮，查出票的信息
                self.driver.find_element_by_id('query_ticket').click()
                e = self.driver.find_element_by_id('ZE_5800000G560E')  # ZY_5800000G560E
                e.click()
                if e.text in ['无','--']:
                    print('暂无余票')
                    sleep(1)
                else:
                    # 有余票则抢票
                    print('yes')
                    # 点击“预订”按钮
                    self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#ticket_5j0000G16422 > td.no-br > a').click()
                    # 选择乘车人信息
                    self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//ul[@id="normal_passenger_id"]/li[1]/input').click()
                    # 点击“提交订单”按钮
                    self.driver.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()
                    self.driver.find_element_by_link_text("确认").click()

                    # 抢票成功后，播放声音提示
                    winsound.Beep(600,1000000)
            except:
                pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = TrainTest()
    test.test_open_browser()