Android: java应用程序进程启动过程的代码分析

 Android应用程序框架层创建的应用程序进程具有两个特点：

一是进程的入口函数是ActivityThread.main，

二是进程天然支持Binder进程间通信机制；这两个特点都是在进程的初始化过程中实现的。

Android应用程序框架层创建的应用程序进程的入口函数是ActivityThread.main比较好理解，

即进程创建完成之后，Android应用程序框架层就会在这个进程中将ActivityThread类加载进来，然后执行它的main函数，这个main函数就是进程执行消息循环的地方了。

Android应用程序框架层创建的应用程序进程天然支持Binder进程间通信机制这个特点应该怎么样理解

当我们在Android应用程序中实现Server组件的时候，我们并没有让进程进入一个循环中去等待Client组件的请求，然而，当Client组件得到这个Server组件的远程接口时，却可以顺利地和Server组件进行进程间通信，这就是因为Android应用程序进程在创建的时候就已经启动了一个线程池来支持Server组件和Binder驱动程序之间的交互了，这样，极大地方便了在Android应用程序中创建Server组件。

在Android应用程序框架层中，是由ActivityManagerService组件负责为Android应用程序创建新的进程的，它本来也是运行在一个独立的进程之中，不过这个进程是在系统启动的过程中创建的。ActivityManagerService组件一般会在什么情况下会为应用程序创建一个新的进程呢？当系统决定要在一个新的进程中启动一个Activity或者Service时，它就会创建一个新的进程了，然后在这个新的进程中启动这个Activity或者Service。

ActivityManagerService实现 new process

    private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType,

            String hostingNameStr, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs) {

                 Process.start(entryPoint,
                        app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
                        app.info.targetSdkVersion, seInfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
                        app.info.dataDir, invokeWith, entryPointArgs);
}

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java
    public static final ProcessStartResult start(final String processClass,
                                  final String niceName,
                                  int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
                                  int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                                  int targetSdkVersion,
                                  String seInfo,
                                  String abi,
                                  String instructionSet,
                                  String appDataDir,
                                  String invokeWith,
                                  String[] zygoteArgs) {
        return zygoteProcess.start(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                    debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
                    abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, invokeWith, zygoteArgs);
    }

写ZYGOTE_SOCKET

    public static final ZygoteProcess zygoteProcess =
            new ZygoteProcess(ZYGOTE_SOCKET, SECONDARY_ZYGOTE_SOCKET);
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ZygoteProcess.java
    public ZygoteProcess(String primarySocket, String secondarySocket) {
        mSocket = primarySocket;
        mSecondarySocket = secondarySocket;
    }

    public final Process.ProcessStartResult start(final String processClass,
                                                  final String niceName,
                                                  int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
                                                  int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                                                  int targetSdkVersion,
                                                  String seInfo,
                                                  String abi,
                                                  String instructionSet,
                                                  String appDataDir,
                                                  String invokeWith,
                                                  String[] zygoteArgs) {
        try {
            return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                    debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
                    abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, invokeWith, zygoteArgs);
        }
    }

    private Process.ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(final String processClass,
                                                      final String niceName,
                                                      final int uid, final int gid,
                                                      final int[] gids,
                                                      int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                                                      int targetSdkVersion,
                                                      String seInfo,
                                                      String abi,
                                                      String instructionSet,
                                                      String appDataDir,
                                                      String invokeWith,
                                                      String[] extraArgs)
                                                      throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        ArrayList<String> argsForZygote = new ArrayList<String>();

        // --runtime-args, --setuid=, --setgid=,
        // and --setgroups= must go first
        argsForZygote.add("--runtime-args");
        argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
        argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);

return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi), argsForZygote);
    }

openZygoteSocketIfNeeded: 链接socket

    /**
     * Tries to open socket to Zygote process if not already open. If
     * already open, does nothing.  May block and retry.  Requires that mLock be held.
     */
    @GuardedBy("mLock")
    private ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        Preconditions.checkState(Thread.holdsLock(mLock), "ZygoteProcess lock not held");

        if (primaryZygoteState == null || primaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
            try {
                primaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(mSocket);
            } 
        }

        if (primaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
            return primaryZygoteState;
        }

        // The primary zygote didn't match. Try the secondary.
        if (secondaryZygoteState == null || secondaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
            try {
                secondaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(mSecondarySocket);
            } 
        }

        if (secondaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
            return secondaryZygoteState;
        }
    }

zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult: 写socket文件

    /**
     * Sends an argument list to the zygote process, which starts a new child
     * and returns the child's pid. Please note: the present implementation
     * replaces newlines in the argument list with spaces.
     *
     * @throws ZygoteStartFailedEx if process start failed for any reason
     */
    @GuardedBy("mLock")
    private static Process.ProcessStartResult zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(
            ZygoteState zygoteState, ArrayList<String> args)
            throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        try {
            // Throw early if any of the arguments are malformed. This means we can
            // avoid writing a partial response to the zygote.
            int sz = args.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
                if (args.get(i).indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
                    throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("embedded newlines not allowed");
                }
            }

            /**
             * See com.android.internal.os.SystemZygoteInit.readArgumentList()
             * Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
             * a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
             * b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
             *
             * After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
             * the child or -1 on failure, followed by boolean to
             * indicate whether a wrapper process was used.
             */
            final BufferedWriter writer = zygoteState.writer;
            final DataInputStream inputStream = zygoteState.inputStream;

            writer.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
            writer.newLine();

            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
                String arg = args.get(i);
                writer.write(arg);
                writer.newLine();
            }
            writer.flush();

            // Should there be a timeout on this?
            Process.ProcessStartResult result = new Process.ProcessStartResult();

            // Always read the entire result from the input stream to avoid leaving
            // bytes in the stream for future process starts to accidentally stumble
            // upon.
            result.pid = inputStream.readInt();
            result.usingWrapper = inputStream.readBoolean();

            if (result.pid < 0) {
                throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("fork() failed");
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

监听socket写操作

frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
    public static void main(String argv[]) {
        ZygoteServer zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer();

        try {

            for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
                if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
                    startSystemServer = true;
                } else if ("--enable-lazy-preload".equals(argv[i])) {
                    enableLazyPreload = true;
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
                    abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
                    socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
                } else {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
                }
            }

            zygoteServer.registerServerSocket(socketName);

            Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");

            // The select loop returns early in the child process after a fork and
            // loops forever in the zygote.
            caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
        } 
    }


frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServer.java
    /**
     * Runs the zygote process's select loop. Accepts new connections as
     * they happen, and reads commands from connections one spawn-request's
     * worth at a time.
     */
    Runnable runSelectLoop(String abiList) {
        ArrayList<FileDescriptor> fds = new ArrayList<FileDescriptor>();
        ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList<ZygoteConnection>();

        fds.add(mServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
        peers.add(null);

        while (true) {
            StructPollfd[] pollFds = new StructPollfd[fds.size()];
            for (int i = 0; i < pollFds.length; ++i) {
                pollFds[i] = new StructPollfd();
                pollFds[i].fd = fds.get(i);
                pollFds[i].events = (short) POLLIN;
            }
            try {
                Os.poll(pollFds, -1);
            } 
            for (int i = pollFds.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                if ((pollFds[i].revents & POLLIN) == 0) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (i == 0) {
                    ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList);
                    peers.add(newPeer);
                    fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
                } else {
                    try {
                        ZygoteConnection connection = peers.get(i);
                        final Runnable command = connection.processOneCommand(this);
                            return command;
                        }
                    }
            }
        }


    /**
     * Reads one start command from the command socket. If successful, a child is forked and a
     * {@code Runnable} that calls the childs main method (or equivalent) is returned in the child
     * process. {@code null} is always returned in the parent process (the zygote).
     *
     * If the client closes the socket, an {@code EOF} condition is set, which callers can test
     * for by calling {@code ZygoteConnection.isClosedByPeer}.
     */
    Runnable processOneCommand(ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
        pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids,
                parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mountExternal, parsedArgs.seInfo,
                parsedArgs.niceName, fdsToClose, fdsToIgnore, parsedArgs.instructionSet,
                parsedArgs.appDataDir);
        try {
            if (pid == 0) {
                // in child
                zygoteServer.setForkChild();

                zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
                IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
                serverPipeFd = null;

                return handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, childPipeFd);
            }
    }

forkAndSpecialize：创建process

frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
    public static int forkAndSpecialize(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags,
          int[][] rlimits, int mountExternal, String seInfo, String niceName, int[] fdsToClose,
          int[] fdsToIgnore, String instructionSet, String appDataDir) {
        VM_HOOKS.preFork();
        // Resets nice priority for zygote process.
        resetNicePriority();
        int pid = nativeForkAndSpecialize(
                  uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, mountExternal, seInfo, niceName, fdsToClose,
                  fdsToIgnore, instructionSet, appDataDir);
return pid;
}

static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
    { "nativeForkAndSpecialize",
      "(II[II[[IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;[I[ILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I",
      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkAndSpecialize },
};

创建进程

    private Runnable handleChildProc(Arguments parsedArgs, FileDescriptor[] descriptors,
            FileDescriptor pipeFd) {
            return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs,
                    null /* classLoader */);
    }


    public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        RuntimeInit.commonInit();
        ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();
        return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
    }

创建进程后1：nativeZygoteInit

    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
    };

frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
由类的继承关系得知gCurRuntime指向AppRuntime
AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
{
    gCurRuntime = this;
}

frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
    virtual void onZygoteInit()
    {
        sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
        ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
        proc->startThreadPool();
    }

frameworks/native/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
{
    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
    if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {
        mThreadPoolStarted = true;
        spawnPooledThread(true);
    }
}

void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)
{
    if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
        String8 name = makeBinderThreadName();
        ALOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", name.string());
        sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);
        t->run(name.string());
    }
}

class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
   explicit PoolThread(bool isMain)
: mIsMain(isMain)
   {
   }
protected:
   virtual bool threadLoop()
   {
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
   }
   const bool mIsMain;
};


void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
{

    mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);

    status_t result;
    do {
        processPendingDerefs();
        // now get the next command to be processed, waiting if necessary
        result = getAndExecuteCommand();

    } while (result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF);

    mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
    talkWithDriver(false);
}

创建进程后2: applicationInit

    protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv,
            ClassLoader classLoader) {
        // If the application calls System.exit(), terminate the process
        // immediately without running any shutdown hooks.  It is not possible to
        // shutdown an Android application gracefully.  Among other things, the
        // Android runtime shutdown hooks close the Binder driver, which can cause
        // leftover running threads to crash before the process actually exits.

        final Arguments args = new Arguments(argv);
        // Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
        return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
    }

    private static Runnable findStaticMain(String className, String[] argv,
            ClassLoader classLoader) {
        Class<?> cl;
        try {
            cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
        } 

        Method m;
        try {
            m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
        }
        /*
         * This throw gets caught in ZygoteInit.main(), which responds
         * by invoking the exception's run() method. This arrangement
         * clears up all the stack frames that were required in setting
         * up the process.
         */
        return new MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
    }
   触发一个异常MethodAndArgsCaller
    static class MethodAndArgsCaller implements Runnable {
        /** method to call */
        private final Method mMethod;

        /** argument array */
        private final String[] mArgs;

        public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
            mMethod = method;
            mArgs = args;
        }

        public void run() {
            try {// 这里的mMethod是ActivityThread.java的main函数
                mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
            }
        }
    }

frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Looper.prepareMainLooper();
        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(false);
        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
        }
        Looper.loop();
    }