Centos7.x版本下针对Mysql的安装和使用多少跟之前的Centos6之前版本有所不同的，废话就不多赘述了，下面介绍下在centos7.x环境里安装mysql5.7的几种方法：
一、yum方式安装
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Centos7.x版本下针对Mysql的安装和使用多少跟之前的Centos6之前版本有所不同的，废话就不多赘述了，下面介绍下在centos7.x环境里安装mysql5.7的几种方法：
一、yum方式安装
从CentOS 7.0发布以来，yum源中开始使用Mariadb来代替MySQL的安装。即使你输入的是yum
install
-y mysql , 显示的也是Mariadb的安装内容。
使用源代码进行编译安装又太麻烦。因此，如果想使用yum安装MySQL的话，就需要去下载官方指定的yum源.
yum下载网址为：https:
//dev
.mysql.com
/downloads/repo/yum/
找到Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (Architecture Independent), RPM Package，单击后面的Download，
在新的页面中单击最下面的No thanks, just start my download.就可以下载到yum源了。
1）安装MySQL YUM资源库
[root@kevin ~]
# yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
2）安装MySQL 5.7
[root@kevin ~]
# yum install -y mysql-community-server
3）启动MySQL服务器和MySQL的自动启动
[root@kevin ~]
# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@kevin ~]
# systemctl enable mysqld.service
4）密码问题
由于MySQL从5.7开始不允许首次安装后使用空密码进行登录！为了加强安全性，系统会随机生成一个密码以供管理员首次登录使用，
这个密码记录在
/var/log/mysqld
.log文件中，使用下面的命令可以查看此密码：
[root@kevin ~]
# cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep 'A temporary password'
2018-01-24T02:32:20.210903Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated
for
root@localhost: DOqInortw9/<
最后一行冒号后面的部分DOqInortw9/<就是初始密码。
使用此密码登录MySQL:
[root@kevin ~]
# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 4
Server version: 5.7.21
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
使用随机生产的密码登录到服务端后，必须马上修改密码，不然会报如下错误：
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
有两种方法解决上面的报错（如下的123456是修改后的密码）：
mysql>
set
password=password(
"123456"
);
或者
mysql> alter user
'root'
@
'localhost'
identified by
'123456'
;
刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
===============================================================================================
如果上面在执行
set
password=password(
"123456"
);命令后出现下面的报错：
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
解决办法：
这个与Mysql 密码安全策略validate_password_policy的值有关，validate_password_policy可以取0、1、2三个值：
0 or LOW Length
1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase
/uppercase
, and special characters
2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase
/uppercase
, and special characters; dictionary
默认的数值是1，符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。
所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。
有时候，只是为了自己测试，不想密码设置得那么复杂，譬如说，我只想设置root的密码为123456。
必须修改两个全局参数：
mysql>
set
global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
set
global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
修改上面两个参数后，就可以解决这个报错了。
=======================================================================================================
注意一点：
mysql5.7之后的数据库里mysql.user表里已经没有password这个字段了，password字段改成了authentication_string。
所以修改密码的命令如下：
mysql> update mysql.user
set
authentication_string=password(
'kevin@123'
) where user=
'root'
;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
=======================================================================================================
查看mysql版本
mysql>
select
version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.21 |
+-----------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
=======================================================================================================
修改mysql5.7的编码由latin1为utf8
默认编码：
mysql> show variables like
"%character%"
;show variables like
"%collation%"
;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir |
/usr/share/mysql/charsets/
|
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows
in
set
(0.01 sec)
调整操作：
[root@kevin ~]
# cat /etc/my.cnf
......
[mysqld]
......
character-
set
-server=utf8
//
注意这个不能写成default-character-
set
=utf8，否则会导致5.7版本mysql无法打开
[client]
default-character-
set
=utf8
[root@kevin~]
# systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@kevin~]
# mysql -p
......
mysql> show variables like
"%character%"
;show variables like
"%collation%"
;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir |
/usr/share/mysql/charsets/
|
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows
in
set
(0.01 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
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二、RPM包方式安装
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1）卸载系统自带的 mysql和mariadb-lib
[root@kevin ~]
# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
[root@kevin ~]
# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mariadb|xargs) --nodeps
2）下载mysql5.7.21 rpm安装包
下载地址：http:
//ftp
.ntu.edu.tw
/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5
.7/
[root@kevin ~]
# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@kevin ~]
# tar -vxf mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@kevin ~]
# ll
总用量 1160052
-rw-------. 1 root root 2090 1月 24 02:35 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 593940480 12月 28 21:03 mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.
tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 25107316 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 278844 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 3779988 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-devel-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 46256768 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 24078148 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 128571868 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 2238596 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 2115904 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 55662616 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 171890056 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 15289580 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 118654584 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-
test
-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
依次执行（几个包有依赖关系，所以执行有先后）下面命令安装
[root@kevin ~]
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@kevin ~]
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@kevin ~]
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@kevin ~]
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
=============================================================================================================
可能在安装mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm的时候会有如下报错：
[root@kevin ~]
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA
/SHA1
Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
这个报错的意思是需要安装libaio包和net-tools包：
安装libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@kevin ~]
# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@kevin ~]
# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm --force
安装net-tools
[root@kevin ~]
# yum install net-tools
=============================================================================================================
使用rpm安装方式安装mysql，安装的路径如下：
数据库目录
/var/lib/mysql/
配置文件
/usr/share/mysql
(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
/etc/my
.cnf
相关命令
/usr/bin
(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
启动脚本
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)
3）数据库初始化
为了保证数据库目录为与文件的所有者为 mysql 登陆用户，如果你是以 root 身份运行 mysql 服务，需要执行下面的命令初始化
[root@kevin ~]
# mysql_install_db --datadir=/var/lib/mysql //必须指定datadir,执行后会生成~/.mysql_secret密码文件
[root@kevin ~]
# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql //新版的推荐此方法，执行生会在/var/log/mysqld.log生成随机密码。如果是以mysql身份运行，则可以去掉--user选项。
4）更改mysql数据库目录的所属用户及其所属组，然后启动mysql数据库
[root@kevin ~]
# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R
[root@kevin ~]
# systemctl start mysqld.service //启动mysql数据库服务
5）根据第3步中的密码登录到mysql，更改root用户的密码，新版的mysql在第一次登录后更改密码前是不能执行任何命令的
另外--initialize 选项默认以“安全”模式来初始化，则会为 root 用户生成一个密码并将该密码标记为过期，登陆后你需要设置一个新的密码，
而使用--initialize-insecure命令则不使用安全模式，则不会为 root 用户生成一个密码。
这里演示使用的--initialize初始化的，会生成一个 root 账户密码，密码在log文件里，如下最后的
")1r3gi,hjgQa"
即为随即生成的root密码
[root@kevin ~]
# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
.......
07T04:41:58.420558Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated
for
root@localhost: )1r3gi,hjgQa
[root@kevin ~]
# mysql -uroot -p')1r3gi,hjgQa'
mysql>
set
password=password(
'kevin@123'
);
mysql> flush privileges
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三、编译方式安装
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1）卸载系统自带的 mysql和mariadb-lib
[root@kevin ~]
# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
[root@kevin ~]
# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mariadb|xargs) --nodeps
2）安装编译代码需要的包
/usr/bin/yum
-y
install
make
gcc
-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel
[root@kevin ~]
#
3）安装boost
[root@kevin ~]
# mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
[root@kevin ~]
# cd /usr/local/boost
[root@kevin boost]
# wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@kevin boost]
# tar -zvxf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
4）编译安装mysql5.7.21
[root@kevin ~]
# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
[root@kevin ~]
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@kevin ~]
# cd /usr/local/src
[root@kevin src]
# wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
[root@kevin src]
# /bin/tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
[root@kevin src]
# cd mysql-5.7.21/
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# /usr/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_BOOST=
/usr/local/boost
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# make && make install
5）修改
/data/mysql
权限
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# /bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# /bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data
6）执行初始化配置脚本，创建系统自带的数据库和表
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# /data/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
7）配置my.cnf
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# cat /data/mysql/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket =
/data/mysql/var/mysql
.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket =
/data/mysql/var/mysql
.sock
basedir =
/data/mysql/
datadir =
/data/mysql/data
pid-
file
=
/data/mysql/data/mysql
.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-
id
= 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin
skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 3000
##open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 512
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1024M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 1024M
join_buffer_size = 1024M
key_buffer_size = 8192M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 1024M
ft_min_word_len = 4
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
log_error =
/data/mysql/data/mysql-error
.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file =
/data/mysql/data/mysql-slow
.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
##lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
##default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 40960M
innodb_write_io_threads = 1000
innodb_read_io_threads = 1000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306
8) 启动mysql服务
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]
# cd /data/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]
# /bin/mkdir var
[root@kevin mysql]
# /bin/chown -R mysql.mysql var
[root@kevin mysql]
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]
# /sbin/chkconfig mysql on
[root@kevin mysql]
# service mysql start
9) 设置环境变量
[root@kevin mysql]
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/data/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@kevin mysql]
# source /etc/profile
10）设置mysql登陆密码,初始密码为nextcloud@123
[root@kevin mysql]
# /bin/mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]
# ln -s /data/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
11）修改密码
由于MySQL从5.7开始不允许首次安装后默认使用空密码进行登录！并且mysql5.7之后的数据库里mysql.user表里已经没有password这个字段了，
password字段改成了authentication_string。
所以修改密码的命令如下：
[root@kevin mysql]
# vim /data/mysql/my.cnf
......
[mysqld]
......
skip-grant-tables
//
先设置无密码登陆
[root@kevin mysql]
# service mysql restart
[root@kevin mysql]
# mysql -p
mysql> update mysql.user
set
authentication_string=password(
'kevin@123'
) where user=
'root'
;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
然后再将
/data/mysql/my
.cnf配置文件中的
"skip-grant-tables"
去掉，重启mysql服务，就可以使用上面重置后的新密码kevin@123登陆了！
|
四、yum安装MariaDB
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[root@kevin ~]
# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
[root@kevin ~]
# systemctl start mariadb
[root@kevin ~]
# systemctl enable mariadb
接下来进行MariaDB的相关简单配置，设置密码，会提示先输入密码
[root@kevin ~]
# mysql_secure_installation
首先是设置密码，会提示先输入密码
Enter current password
for
root (enter
for
none):<–初次运行直接回车
设置密码
Set root password? [Y
/n
] <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: <– 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码
其他配置
Remove anonymous
users
? [Y
/n
] <– 是否删除匿名用户，回车
Disallow root login remotely? [Y
/n
] <–是否禁止root远程登录,回车,
Remove
test
database and access to it? [Y
/n
] <– 是否删除
test
数据库，回车
Reload privilege tables now? [Y
/n
] <– 是否重新加载权限表，回车
[root@kevin ~]
# mysql -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection
id
is 3
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows
in
set
(0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
接下来配置MariaDB的字符集:
-> 首先是配置文件
/etc/my
.cnf，在[mysqld]标签下添加
init_connect=
'SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect=
'SET NAMES utf8'
character-
set
-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-
set
-client-handshake
-> 接着配置文件
/etc/my
.cnf.d
/client
.cnf，在[client]中添加
default-character-
set
=utf8
-> 然后配置文件
/etc/my
.cnf.d
/mysql-clients
.cnf，在[mysql]中添加
default-character-
set
=utf8
最后是重启MariaDB，并登陆MariaDB查看字符集
[root@
test
-vm001 my.cnf.d]
# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@kevin ~]
# mysql -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection
id
is 4
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like
"%character%"
;show variables like
"%collation%"
;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir |
/usr/share/mysql/charsets/
|
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
为Confluence创建对应的数据库、用户名和密码
MariaDB [(none)]> create database confluence default character
set
utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on confluence.* to
'confluence'
@
'%'
identified by
'confluencepasswd'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|