第八节:详细讲解Java中的异常处理情况与I/O流的介绍以及类集合框架

前言

大家好,给大家带来详细讲解Java中的异常处理情况与I/O流的介绍以及类集合框架的概述,希望你们喜欢

JAVA 异常

try...catch...finally结构的使用方法

class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
 
 try{ 
  int i = 1 / 0;
  }
  catch(Exception e){
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  finally{
   System.out.println("finally");
  }
  System.out.println(5);
 }
}

class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
 try{
  Thread.sleep(1000);
 }
 catch(Exception e){
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
}
}

throw和throws的作用区别:

class Person{
private int age;

public void setAge(int age) throws Exception{
 if(age<0){
  RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("年龄不能小于0");
  throw e;
 }
 this.age = age;
 }
}

class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
 Person person = new Person();
 try{
  person.setAge(-1);
 }
 catch(Exception e){
  System.out.println(e);
 }
}
}

Error和Exception的区别

  • Error是Throwable的子类用于标记严重错误
  • Exception是Throwable的子类,指示合理的程序想去catch的条件,非严重错误。

    try/catch的执行过程

    如果出现异常,系统则会抛出一个异常,进行捕捉(catch操作),或在最后(finally)来进行处理。

    throw和throws的区别

    throws 出现在方法声明上,throw出现在方法体内。

    异常分类

    异常分类:可查异常,运行时异常和错误

    说说IO

//第一种:输入流输出流
//第二种:字节流字符流
//第三种:节点流处理流
//FileInputStream
class Test{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  FileInputStream fis = null;
  try{
  fis = new FileInputStream("e:/read.txt");
  byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
  fis.read(buffer,0,buffer.length);
  for(int i = 0;i<buffer.length;i++){
   System.out.println(buffer[i]);
  }
}
 catch(Exception e){
 System.out.println(e);
  }
 }
}
class Test{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  FileInputStream fis = null;
  FileOutputStream fos = null;
 try{
  fis = new FileInputStream("e:/read.txt");
  fos = new FileOutputStream("e:/write.txt");
  byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
  int temp = fis.read(buffer,0,buffer.length);
  fos.write(buffer,0,temp);
  }
   catch(Exception e){
    System.out.println(e);
   }
  }
}
class Test{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  FileInputStream fis = null;
  FileOutputStream fos = null;
  try{
   fis = new FileInputStream("e:/read.txt");
   fos = new FileOutputStream("e:/write.txt");
  byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
  while(true){
   int temp = fis.read(buffer,o,buffer.length);
   if(temp = -1){
    break;
   }
   fos.write(buffer,0,temp);
  }
  }catch(Exception e){
   System.out.println(e);
 }finally{
  try{
  fis.close();
  fos.close();
 }catch(Excepiton e){
 System.out.println(e);
  }
 }
}
}  
//字符流
public class TextChar
 public static void main(String args[]){
  FileReader fr = null;
  FileWriter fw = null;
  try{
  fr = new FileReader("e:/read.txt");
  fw = new FileWriter("e:/write.txt");
   
   char[] buffer = new char[100];
   int temp = fr.read(buffer,0,buffer.length);
   fw.write(buffer,0,temp); 
   }
   catch(Exception e){
    System.out.println(e);
   }finally{
     try{
       fr.close();
       fw.close();
       }
   catch(Excepiton e){
    System.out.println(e); 
   }
  }
}
//FileReader和BufferedReader
class Test{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  FileReader fileReader = null;
  BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
try{
  fileReader = new FileReader("e:/read.txt");
  bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
  String line = null;
   while(true){
   line = bufferedReader.readLine();
   if(line == null){ 
     break;
   }
   System.out.println(line);
  }
  }catch(Exception e){
  System.out.println(e); 
 }
  finally{
   try{
     bufferedReader.close(); 
     fileReader.close();
    }
    catch(Exception e){
     System.out.println(e);
    }
   }
  }
}
public class Test{
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
  //字节流
 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("c:/read.txt");
 FileOutStream out = new FileOutputStream("c:/write.txt");
 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
  int len;
  while( (len = in.read(buffer)) != -1){
  out.write(buffer,0,len);
  }
  in.close();
  out.close();
  //字符流
  BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("c:/read.txt");
  BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("c:/write.txt");
 String str;
 while( (str=bf.readLine()) != null ){
  bw.write(str);
  bw.newLine();
 }
 bf.close();
 bw.close();
  }
}
  • 字节流: InputStream字节输入流,OutputStream字节输出流
  • 字符流 : Reader字符输入流 ,Writer字符输出流
  • 数据流: DataInputStream 数据输入流 ,DataOutputStream 数据输出流

集合框架

一组类和接口,位于java.util包,主要用于存储和管理对象,主要分为三大类---集合,列表和映射。

什么是集合(Set)
集合中对象是没有顺序的,并且没有重复对象;

什么是列表(List)
集合中对象可以有重复的对象,可以按照顺序取,也可以指定取。

什么是映射(Map)
每一个元素包含一个键对象和一个值对象,键不可以重复,值可以重复。

类集框架主体结构

interface
Iterator Collection
ListIterator List Set Map
LinkeList ArrayList HashSet SortedSet HashMap SortedMap
LinkedHashSet TreeSet LinkedHashMap TreeMap
Comparable Comparator Collections Arrays

//arrayList默认10,可无限长,关于泛型

public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){

 //ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList();
 ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>();

 arrayList.add("a");
 arrayList.add("b");
 arrayList.add("c");

 //String s = arrayList.get(1);
 //System.out.println(s);

  for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
   String s = arrayList.get(i);
   System.out.println(s);
  }

 }
}

优化

public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
 ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>();
 
 arrayList.add("a");
 arrayList.add("b");
 arrayList.add("c");
 arrayList.add("d");
 
 for(int i = 0; i<arrayList.size();i++){
  String s = arrayList.get(i);
  System.out.println(s);
 }
}
}

类集框架

集合 无序 不可重复
列表 有序 可重复
映射

Set继承了Collection

public class Test{
 public static void main(String args[]){

  //HashSet<String> hashSet = new HashSet<String>();
  //Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
  
 //别管就是转,方便
  Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
  set.add("a");
  set.add("b");
  set.add("c");
  set.add("d");

  int i = set.size();
 
  System.out.println(i);

 }
}

不可以重复

public class Test{
 public static void main(String args[]){

  //HashSet<String> hashSet = new HashSet<String>();
  //Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
  
 //别管就是转,方便
  Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();

  boolean b1 = set.isEmpty();
  System.out.println(b1);

  set.add("a");
  set.add("b");
  set.add("c");
  set.add("d");
  set.add("c");
   
  boolean b2 = set.isEmpty();
  System.out.println(b2);
  
  int i = set.size();
  
  System.out.println("clear之前的长度"+i);

  set.clear();
  
  int j = set.size();

  System.out.println(j);

 }
}

取数据,迭代  iterate器 (Iterator)

public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
 //HashSet<String> hashSet = new HashSet<String>();
 //Set<String> set = hashSet;
 //Iterator <-- Collection <-- Set <-- HashSet
 //hasNext() next()

 Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
 
 set.add("a");
 set.add("b");
 set.add("c");
 set.add("d");
 set.add("c");

 Iterator<String> it = set.iterator();

  boolean b1 = it.hasNext();
  if(b1){
   String s = it.next();
   System.out.println(s);
  }

  boolean b2 = it.hasNext();
  if(b2){
   String s = it.next();
   System.out.println(s);
  }

 }
}

迭代器的使用
it.hasNext();
还有没有下一个元素,如果这个游标后面有元素就返回true,否则,false;

it.next();
返回游标所指位置的下一个元素,取出,用hasNext()看有没有,next取

优化
public class Test{
public stattic void main(String args[]){
 Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
 
 set.add("a");
 set.add("b");
 set.add("c");
 set.add("d");
 set.add("c");

 Iterator<String> it = set.iterator();

 while(it.hasNext()){
  String s = it.next();
  System.out.println(s);
}
}
}

什么是映射(Map)
每一个元素包含一个键对象和一个值对象,键不可以重复,值可以重复。

public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
 HashMap<String,String> hasMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
 Map<String,String> map = hasMap;

 map.put("1","a");
 map.put("2","b");
 map.put("3","c");
 map.put("4","d");

 int i = map.size();
 System.out.println(i);
}
}

public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
 HashMap<String,String> hasMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
 Map<String,String> map = hasMap;

 map.put("1","a");
 map.put("2","b");
 map.put("3","c");
 map.put("4","d");
 map.put("3","e");

 int i = map.size();
 System.out.println(i);
 
 String s = map.get("3");
 System.out.println(ss);
}
}
public class TestCollection {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Hero> heros = new ArrayList<Hero>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            heros.add(new Hero("hero name " + i));
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < heros.size(); i++) {
            Hero h = heros.get(i);
            System.out.println(h);
        }
    }
}

总结

  • 本文讲了详细讲解Java中的异常处理情况与I/O流的介绍以及类集合框架,如果您还有更好地理解,欢迎沟通
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转载自www.cnblogs.com/dashucoding/p/9264850.html