SpringBoot 整合RabbitMq 实战

其他 2018-07-04 12:03:44 阅读次数: 0

SpringBoot 整合RabbitMq 实战

参考官网: https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-messaging.html#boot-features-amqp

spring-boot-starter-amqp

高级消息队列协议（AMQP）是面向消息中间件的平台中立的有线协议。Spring AMQP项目将核心Spring概念应用于基于AMQP的消息传递解决方案的开发。Spring Boot为通过RabbitMQ与AMQP一起工作提供了一些便利，包括spring-boot-starter-amqp “Starter”。

springboot集成RabbitMQ非常简单，如果只是简单的使用配置非常少，springboot提供了spring-boot-starter-amqp项目对消息各种支持。

添加依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的轻量级，可靠，可扩展，可移植的消息代理。Spring使用RabbitMQ通过AMQP协议进行通信。

属性配置

RabbitMQ配置由外部配置属性控制 spring.rabbitmq.*。例如，您可以在以下部分声明以下部分 application.properties：

spring.rabbitmq.host = localhost
 spring.rabbitmq.port = 5672
 spring.rabbitmq.username = guest
 spring.rabbitmq.password = guest

快速上手

1.队列配置

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;


import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * RabbitMQ 配置类
 *
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 10:24
 **/
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Bean
    public Queue queue(){
        return new Queue("hello");
    }
}

2 发送者

rabbitTemplate是springboot 提供的默认实现.

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 消息发送者
 *
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 10:46
 **/

@Component
public class HelloSender {


    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;


    public void send(){
        String context = "hello----"+LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println("send:"+context);
        //往名称为 hello 的queue中发送消息
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",context);
    }

}

3 接收者

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 消息接受者
 *
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 10:50
 **/

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello") //监听 名称为 hello 的queue
public class HelloReceiver {

    //消息处理器
    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){
        System.out.println("Receiver:"+message);

    }


}

测试

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo;

import com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq.HelloSender;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitmqdemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    HelloSender helloSender;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
        helloSender.send();

    }
}

查看控制台输出结果

send:hello----2018-04-21T11:29:47.739
Receiver:hello----2018-04-21T11:29:47.739

一对多发送:一个发送者多个接受者

对上面的代码进行了小改造,接收端注册了两个Receiver,Receiver1和Receiver2，发送端加入参数计数，接收端打印接收到的参数，下面是测试代码，发送一百条消息，来观察两个接收端的执行效果

  • 添加一个队列叫 hello2

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;


import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * RabbitMQ 配置类
 *
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 10:24
 **/
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {



    @Bean
    public Queue queue(){
        return new Queue("hello");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue queue2(){
        return new Queue("hello2");
    }



}
  • 给队列 hello2 发送消息,接受一个计数参数
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 消息发送者
 *
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 10:46
 **/

@Component
public class HelloSender {


    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;


    public void send(){
        String context = "hello----"+LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println("send:"+context);
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",context);
    }

    //给hello2发送消息,并接受一个计数参数
    public void send2(int i){
        String context = i+"";
        System.out.println(context+"--send:");
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello2",context);
    }
}
  • 两个hello2 的接受者
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello2")
public class HelloReceiver1 {


    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){

        System.out.println("Receiver1:"+message);
    }


}
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello2")
public class HelloReceiver2 {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){
        System.out.println("Receiver2:"+message);
    }
}

测试

  @Test
    public void manyReceiver(){
        for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
            helloSender.send2(i);
        }

    }

查看控制台输出结果:

0--send:
1--send:
2--send:
3--send:
4--send:

...(省略)

58--send:
59--send:
60--send:
61--send:
62--send:
63--send:
Receiver2:1
Receiver1:0
64--send:
65--send:
Receiver1:2
Receiver2:3
66--send:
Receiver1:4
Receiver2:5
...(省略)

可以看到:在消息发送到63时,接受者Receiver已经收到了消息,
结论:

一个发送者，N个接受者,经过测试会均匀的将消息发送到N个接收者中

多对多: 多个发送者对多个接受者

我们可以注入两个发送者,放在循环中,如下:

 @Test
    public void many2many(){
      for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
          helloSender.send2(i);
          helloSender2.send2(i);

      }
    }

运行单元测试,查看控制台输出:

0--send:
0--send:
1--send:
1--send:
2--send:
2--send:
3--send:
3--send:

...(省略)

22--send:
22--send:
23--send:
23--send:
24--send:
24--send:
Receiver2:0
25--send:
25--send:
Receiver2:1
26--send:
Receiver2:2
26--send:
Receiver2:3
27--send:
Receiver1:0
27--send:
Receiver2:4
Receiver1:1
28--send:
Receiver2:5
Receiver1:2
28--send:
Receiver2:6
Receiver1:3
29--send:
Receiver2:7
Receiver1:4
29--send:
Receiver2:8
Receiver1:5
30--send:
Receiver2:9
Receiver1:6
30--send:
31--send:
31--send:
32--send:
32--send:

结论：和一对多一样，接收端仍然会均匀接收到消息

发送对象

首先我们创建一个实体类对象 User,注意必须实现 Serializable 接口.

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 15:46
 **/
public class User implements Serializable {


    private String username;
    private String password;

    public User(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

然后在配置文件中再创建一个队列,叫 object_queue

 @Bean
    public Queue queue3(){
        return new Queue("object_queue");
    }

接下里就是User对象的两个发送者ObjectSender和接受者ObjectReceiver:

@Component
public class ObjectSender {

    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

    public void sendUser(User user){

        System.out.println("Send object:"+user.toString());
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("object_queue",user);

    }
}

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "object_queue")
public class ObjectReceiver {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void objectReceiver(User user){

        System.out.println("Receiver object:"+user.toString());

    }
}

运行单元测试,查看控制台输出结果:

Send object:User{username='李增光', password='666666'}
Receiver object:User{username='李增光', password='666666'}

Topic Exchange

topic 是RabbitMQ中最灵活的一种方式，可以根据routing_key自由的绑定不同的队列

首先对topic规则配置，这里使用两个队列来测试

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 16:10
 **/
@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig {


    final static String message = "topic.message";
    final static String messages = "topic.messages";


    //创建两个 Queue
    @Bean
    public Queue queueMessage(){
        return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.message);
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue queueMessages(){
        return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.messages);
    }

    //配置 TopicExchange,指定名称为 topicExchange
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange exchange(){
        return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
    }

    //给队列绑定 exchange 和 routing_key

    @Bean
    public Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.message");
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding bingingExchangeMessages(Queue queueMessages,TopicExchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#");
    }


}

消息发送者:都是用topicExchange,并且绑定到不同的 routing_key

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 16:26
 **/
@Component
public class TopicSender {

    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

    public void send1(){
        String context = "hi, i am message 1";
        System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.message",context);
    }

    public void send2() {
        String context = "hi, i am messages 2";
        System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.messages", context);
    }
}

两个消息接受者,分别指定不同的 queue

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 16:34
 **/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message")
public class TopicReceiver1 {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){

        System.out.println("Receiver topic.message :"+ message);

    }

}

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 16:34
 **/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.messages")
public class TopicReceiver2 {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){

        System.out.println("Receiver topic.messages: "+ message);

    }

}

测试:

发送send1会匹配到topic.#和topic.message 两个Receiver都可以收到消息，发送send2只有topic.#可以匹配所有只有Receiver2监听到消息

Fanout Exchange

Fanout 就是我们熟悉的广播模式或者订阅模式，给Fanout交换机发送消息，绑定了这个交换机的所有队列都收到这个消息。

Fanout 相关配置:


package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.security.PublicKey;

/**
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 17:03
 **/
@Configuration
public class FanOutRabbitMq {


    //创建三个队列

    @Bean
    public Queue AMessage() {
        return new Queue("fanout.A");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue BMessage() {
        return new Queue("fanout.B");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue CMessage() {
        return new Queue("fanout.C");
    }


    //创建exchange,指定交换策略

    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {

        return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");
    }


    //分别给三个队列指定exchange,这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略：

    @Bean
    public Binding bindingExchangeA(Queue AMessage,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(AMessage).to(fanoutExchange);

    }

    @Bean
    public Binding bindingExchangeB(Queue BMessage,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(BMessage).to(fanoutExchange);

    }

    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeC(Queue CMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(CMessage).to(fanoutExchange);
    }


}

消息发送者:

这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略

package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.fanout;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author itguang
 * @create 2018-04-21 17:13
 **/
@Component
public class FanoutSender {


    @Autowired
    AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;


    public void send(){

        String context = "hi, fanout msg ";
        System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
        //这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略：
        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","", context);

    }

}

三个消息接受者:

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.A")
public class FanoutReceiverA {


    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){

        System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.A: "+message);

    }

}

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.B")
public class FanoutReceiverB {


    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){

        System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.B: "+message);

    }

}

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.C")
public class FanoutReceiverC {


    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String message){

        System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.C: "+message);

    }

}

运行单元测试,查看结果:

Sender : hi, fanout msg 

Receiver form fanout.C: hi, fanout msg 
Receiver form fanout.A: hi, fanout msg 
Receiver form fanout.B: hi, fanout msg

结果说明，绑定到fanout交换机上面的队列都收到了消息.

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