RDBMS 11.2.0.4的Dataguard， 因为主库上的归档日志被删除，而归档日志并没有被传送到备库。导致了归档日志的GAP。又不想重新搭建dg。使用了增量备份恢复的方法，来恢复备库。
主要步骤如下：
1 在备库上停止mrp进程
2 查看备库的scn
3 在主库上进行增量备份
4 将增量备份传输到备库所在的服务器
5 在备库上注册传输过来的备份
6 用传输过来的备份来recover 备库
7 在主库上，创建备库的控制文件备份
8 复制控制文件备份到备库所在的服务器
9 关闭备库 ，在nomunt状态下，恢复备库的控制文件
10 启动备库，启动mrp进程
-- 以下为详细的过程
备库的alert log的提示 。提示有gap 。
Using STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST parameter default value as /u01/archive_logstdby
Sat Jun 16 18:38:53 2018
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
RFS[1]: Assigned to RFS process 7854
RFS[1]: Selected log 5 for thread 1 sequence 456 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Sat Jun 16 18:38:54 2018
RFS[2]: Assigned to RFS process 7860
RFS[2]: Selected log 6 for thread 1 sequence 455 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Sat Jun 16 18:38:54 2018
RFS[3]: Assigned to RFS process 7862
RFS[3]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 445 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Sat Jun 16 18:38:54 2018
RFS[4]: Assigned to RFS process 7864
RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 446 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Archived Log entry 474 added for thread 1 sequence 446 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
Archived Log entry 475 added for thread 1 sequence 445 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
Sat Jun 16 18:38:55 2018
Archived Log entry 476 added for thread 1 sequence 455 ID 0x86d19280 dest 1:
RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 448 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 447 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Archived Log entry 477 added for thread 1 sequence 448 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
RFS[3]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 449 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 450 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Archived Log entry 478 added for thread 1 sequence 450 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
Archived Log entry 479 added for thread 1 sequence 449 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
Archived Log entry 480 added for thread 1 sequence 447 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 451 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Archived Log entry 481 added for thread 1 sequence 451 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 453 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
RFS[3]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 452 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Archived Log entry 482 added for thread 1 sequence 453 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
Archived Log entry 483 added for thread 1 sequence 452 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 454 dbid -2033225695 branch 963738576
Archived Log entry 484 added for thread 1 sequence 454 rlc 963738576 ID 0x86d19280 dest 2:
Sat Jun 16 18:39:07 2018
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (test_stdby)
Sat Jun 16 18:39:07 2018
MRP0 started with pid=28, OS id=7866
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (test_stdby)
Serial Media Recovery started
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 422
Fetching gap sequence in thread 1, gap sequence 422-444
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Sat Jun 16 18:41:03 2018
FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence
GAP - thread 1 sequence 422-444
DBID 2261741601 branch 963738576
FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.
------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization
parameter is defined to a value that's sufficiently large
enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve
archivelog gaps.
------------------------------------------------------------查看备库的scn
SYS@test_stdby>select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
3436081
SYS@test_stdby>/查看缺失的归档，这些归档在主库也没有了
SYS@test_stdby>select * from v$archive_gap;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1 422 444
SYS@test_stdby>查看备库的MRP进程
SYS@test_stdby>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
在主库上，进行增量备份
[oracle@test test]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jun 16 19:00:50 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TEST (DBID=2261741601)
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL FROM SCN 3436081 DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/ForStandby_%U' tag 'FORSTANDBY';
Starting backup at 16-JUN-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=51 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/lob_tbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/ggstbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 16-JUN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 16-JUN-18
piece handle=/tmp/ForStandby_0tt5k3je_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 16-JUN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 16-JUN-18
piece handle=/tmp/ForStandby_0ut5k3o0_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-JUN-18
RMAN> 将备份的结果传送到备库，因为主库和备库是在同一台机器上。所以不用传了
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[oracle@test tmp]$ ls -l
total 360092
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 358457344 Jun 16 19:03 ForStandby_0tt5k3je_1_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10256384 Jun 16 19:03 ForStandby_0ut5k3o0_1_1
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 2017 keyring-Dgm44i
drwx------. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 11 2017 keyring-NfANjT
drwx------. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 6 15:39 pulse-SeL705CifrS4
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 2017 pulse-tM9lerES2wmW将备份结果，在备库上注册
[oracle@test logs]$ export ORACLE_SID=test_stdby
[oracle@test logs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jun 16 19:06:08 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TEST (DBID=2261741601)
RMAN> catalog start with '/tmp/ForStandby_0tt5k3je_1_1';
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
searching for all files that match the pattern /tmp/ForStandby_0tt5k3je_1_1
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_0tt5k3je_1_1
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_0tt5k3je_1_1
RMAN> catalog start with '/tmp/ForStandby_0ut5k3o0_1_1';
searching for all files that match the pattern /tmp/ForStandby_0ut5k3o0_1_1
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_0ut5k3o0_1_1
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_0ut5k3o0_1_1
RMAN> 使用增量备份，进行recover 备库，要在mount状态下，否则会出错
[oracle@test backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jun 16 19:22:16 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TEST (DBID=2261741601, not open)
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE NOREDO;
Starting recover at 16-JUN-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=29 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/system01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/sysaux01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/undotbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/users01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00005: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/example01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00006: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/ggstbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/lob_tbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /tmp/ForStandby_0vt5k4gn_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/tmp/ForStandby_0vt5k4gn_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished recover at 16-JUN-18
RMAN> 在主库上，创建备库的控制文件
RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE FOR STANDBY FORMAT '/tmp/ForStandbyCTRL.bck';
Starting backup at 16-JUN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including standby control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 16-JUN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 16-JUN-18
piece handle=/tmp/ForStandbyCTRL.bck tag=TAG20180616T192727 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 16-JUN-18
RMAN> 关闭备库，启动到nomunt下，进行控制文件的恢复
SYS@test_stdby>shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@test_stdby>startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 507513936 bytes
Database Buffers 322961408 bytes
Redo Buffers 2371584 bytes
SYS@test_stdby>
[oracle@test backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jun 16 19:30:25 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TEST (not mounted)
RMAN> RESTORE STANDBY CONTROLFILE FROM '/tmp/ForStandbyCTRL.bck';
Starting restore at 16-JUN-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 16-JUN-18
RMAN> 关闭备库，启动到mount状态，启动到open状态，其实可以一次性启动到open状态
SYS@test_stdby>shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@test_stdby>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 507513936 bytes
Database Buffers 322961408 bytes
Redo Buffers 2371584 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@test_stdby>SYS@test_stdby>alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@test_stdby>启动MRP
SYS@test_stdby>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SYS@test_stdby>查看主库和备库的情况
@>conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@test>archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/archive_log
Oldest online log sequence 455
Next log sequence to archive 458
Current log sequence 458
SYS@test>SYS@test_stdby>archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/archive_logstdby
Oldest online log sequence 455
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 458
SYS@test_stdby>select count(*) from test20180616;
COUNT(*)
----------
87209
SYS@test_stdby>查看是否还有gap
SYS@test_stdby>select * from v$archive_gap;
no rows selected
SYS@test_stdby>END
-- 补充，恢复完毕后，打开备库的时候，alert log内容
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (test_stdby)
Sat Jun 16 19:34:07 2018
MRP0 started with pid=28, OS id=8978
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (test_stdby)
Serial Media Recovery started
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test_stdby/test_stdby/trace/test_stdby_mrp0_8978.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 8 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 8 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo08.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Clearing online redo logfile 8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo08.log
Clearing online log 8 of thread 1 sequence number 456
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test_stdby/test_stdby/trace/test_stdby_mrp0_8978.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 8 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 8 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo08.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test_stdby/test_stdby/trace/test_stdby_mrp0_8978.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 8 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 8 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo08.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Clearing online redo logfile 8 complete
Media Recovery Log /u01/archive_logstdby/1_457_963738576.arc
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 458 (in transit)
--
SYS@test_stdby>select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/stdby_log01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/stdby_log02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/stdby_log03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/stdby_log04.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test_stdby/redo08.log
8 rows selected.
SYS@test_stdby>