C++ 具名要求-基本概念-指定该类型对象可以从左值赋值

此页面中列出的具名要求,是 C++ 标准的规范性文本中使用的具名要求,用于定义标准库的期待。

某些具名要求在 C++20 中正在以概念语言特性进行形式化。在那之前,确保以满足这些要求的模板实参实例化标准库模板是程序员的重担。若不这么做,则可能导致非常复杂的编译器诊断。

指定该类型对象可以从左值赋值

指定该类型的实例可从左值表达式复制赋值。

要求

若满足下列条件,则类型 T 满足可复制赋值 (CopyAssignable)

  • 类型 T 满足可移动赋值 (MoveAssignable) ,且

给定

  • T 类型的可修改左值表达式 t
  • v,为 Tconst T 类型的左值表达式或 const T 类型的右值表达式

下列表达式必须合法且拥有其指定的效果

表达式 返回类型 返回值 后条件
t = v T& t t 的值等价于 v 的值。

v 的值不更改。

调用示例

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>

//编译器生成默认构造函数
struct A
{
};

struct B
{
    std::string str; // 成员拥有非平凡默认构造函数
};

struct C
{
    std::string str; // 成员拥有非平凡默认构造函数
    C() throw (int) //构造函数抛异常
    {
    }
};

struct MyClass
{
    int ma;
    int mb;
    MyClass(): ma(101), mb(102)
    {
        std::cout << this << "  " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__
                  << " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb
                  << std::endl;
    }

    MyClass(int a, int b): ma(a), mb(b)
    {
        std::cout << this << "  " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__
                  << " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb
                  << std::endl;
    }

    MyClass(const MyClass &obj)
    {
        this->ma = obj.ma;
        this->mb = obj.mb;
        std::cout << this << "  " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__
                  << " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb
                  << std::endl;
    }

    MyClass(MyClass &&obj)
    {
        this->ma = obj.ma;
        this->mb = obj.mb;
        std::cout << this << "  " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__
                  << " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb
                  << std::endl;
    }

    MyClass & operator =(MyClass &&obj)
    {
        this->ma = obj.ma;
        this->mb = obj.mb;
        std::cout << this << "  " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__
                  << " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb
                  << std::endl;
        return *this;
    }

    MyClass & operator =(const MyClass &obj)
    {
        this->ma = obj.ma;
        this->mb = obj.mb;
        std::cout << this << "  " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__
                  << " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb
                  << std::endl;
        return *this;
    }
};

int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;

    std::cout << "std::is_copy_assignable<int>::value: "
              << std::is_copy_assignable<int>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<int>::value: "
              << std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<int>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<int>::value: "
              << std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<int>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::is_copy_assignable<A>::value: "
              << std::is_copy_assignable<A>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<A>::value: "
              << std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<A>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<A>::value: "
              << std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<A>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::is_copy_assignable<B>::value: "
              << std::is_copy_assignable<B>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<B>::value: "
              << std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<B>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<B>::value: "
              << std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<B>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::is_copy_assignable<C>::value: "
              << std::is_copy_assignable<C>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<C>::value: "
              << std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<C>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<C>::value: "
              << std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<C>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    MyClass myClass1 = {101, 102};
    //t = rv T& t 若 t 与 rv 不指代同一对象,则 t 的值等价于 rv 在赋值前的值。rv 的新值未指定
    MyClass() = myClass1;

    return 0;
}

输出

std::is_copy_assignable<int>::value: true
std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<int>::value: true
std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<int>::value: true

std::is_copy_assignable<A>::value: true
std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<A>::value: true
std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<A>::value: true

std::is_copy_assignable<B>::value: true
std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<B>::value: false
std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<B>::value: false

std::is_copy_assignable<C>::value: true
std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<C>::value: false
std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<C>::value: false

0x61fe80  MyClass 35 a:101 b:102
0x61fe88  MyClass 28 a:101 b:102
0x61fe88  operator= 72 a:101 b:102

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_40788199/article/details/135328007
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