企业跨境数据保护成熟度研究：以面向欧盟区域为例
A study on the maturity of enterprise cross-border data protection: an example for the EU region
Abstract
[研究目的]跨境流动已成为国际贸易谈判的焦点议题。以欧盟为代表的各主体为积极应对数据跨境安全问题，纷纷出台数据保护立法。在此背景下，作为掌握海量数据的企业对于数据的跨境安全传输问题更是责无旁贷。[研究方法]通过提出企业跨境数据保护成熟度评估工具，来研究企业面向欧盟区域的数据保护问题。根据数据隐私管理标准发展三阶段内容以及能力成熟度等理论，结合GDPR区域监管要点及企业跨境数据保护管理实践，构建了包含3个一级指标，12个二级指标，41个三级指标的企业涉欧跨境数据保护成熟度评估模型。[研究结论]将该模型运用于GDPR 19个经典案例及国内3个典型行业，验证了评估体系的有效性，并最终获得所选行业面向欧盟区域的跨境数据保护成熟度评估概况，为我国企业的跨境数据保护合规自评提供了有利的参考。
[Research purpose]The cross-border data flow has become the focus of international trade negotiations.To actively deal with the problem of cross-border data security， the main bodies represented by the EU have introduced data protection legislation one after an⁃ other. In this context， as enterprises that master massive data， they are more responsible for the safe cross-border transmission of data.[Re⁃ search method]This paper studies on the data protection of enterprises facing the EU region by proposing a maturity evaluation tool of cross-border data protection. According to the three-stage development of data privacy management standards and the theory of capability maturity， combined with the key points of GDPR regional regulation and the practice of enterprise cross-border data protection manage ment， this paper constructs an enterprise cross-border data protection maturity evaluation model involving three first-level indicators， twelve second-level indicators， and forty-one third-level indicators.[Research conclusion]The model is applied to 19 classic cases of GDPR and three typical industries in China to verify the effectiveness of the evaluation system， and finally obtain an overview of the cross -border data protection maturity evaluation of the selected industries for the EU region， providing a favorable reference for the cross-bor⁃ der data protection compliance self-assessment of Chinese enterprises.