1、数据库目录，其所创建的数据库文件 ：/var/lib/mysql/
2、配置文件 mysql.server命令和配置文件 ：/usr/share/mysql
3、相关命令：如mysql mysqladmin等：/usr/bin
4、启动脚本：如mysql启动命令 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
mysql默认字符是latin1 ，修改成utf-8:
直接把下面这段拷贝到/etc/my.cnf中
#vi /etc/my.cnf
[client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 #default-character-set=utf8 character-set-server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' [mysql] no-auto-rehash default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
注意：在[mysqld]中：
character-set-server=utf8 （错误）
default-character-set=utf8 （正确）
否则会报：Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file [失败]lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid).异常
设置完毕，重新启动mysql：
#/etc/init.d/mysql restart
[root@iZuf6bkbivtw79zmz2q0m9Z ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Stopping mysqld: [ OK ] Starting mysqld: [ OK ] [root@iZuf6bkbivtw79zmz2q0m9Z ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like 'character_set%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)解决完毕！！！！！