安卓源码分析(10)Lifecycle实现组件生命周期管理

参考:
https://developer.android.google.cn/topic/libraries/architecture/lifecycle?hl=zh-cn#java
https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/lifecycle/Lifecycle

1、概述

Android Lifecycle 是一种用于管理 Android 组件(如 Activity 和 Fragment)生命周期的架构组件。Lifecycle 提供了一种在组件生命周期变化时触发相应操作的方式,以帮助开发者编写更加健壮和可维护的代码。

Android 组件的生命周期包括多个阶段,如创建(Create)、启动(Start)、恢复(Resume)、暂停(Pause)、停止(Stop)和销毁(Destroy)。在每个阶段,组件可以执行特定的操作,如初始化界面、加载数据、保存状态等。例如,经典的Activity组件的生命周期图:
在这里插入图片描述

使用 Lifecycle 可以将与组件生命周期相关的操作集中到一个地方,并确保这些操作在正确的时机被调用。说白了,就是将生命周期的管理和业务实现分离,抽象成通用的公共组件,以实现代码复用和抽象。

在 Android 框架中定义的大多数应用组件都存在生命周期。生命周期由操作系统或进程中运行的框架代码管理。它们是 Android 工作原理的核心,应用必须遵循它们。如果不这样做,可能会引发内存泄漏甚至应用崩溃。

Lifecycle 提供了以下主要的元素和功能:

  • LifecycleOwner: 一个实现了 LifecycleOwner 接口的对象,通常是 Activity 或 Fragment。它负责提供生命周期的状态。
  • Lifecycle : 表示一个组件的生命周期状态,如 CREATED、STARTED、RESUMED 等。可以通过 Lifecycle 对象来观察和监听生命周期状态的变化。
  • LifecycleObserver: 一个实现了 LifecycleObserver 接口的类,用于观察和响应生命周期事件。

通过使用 Lifecycle,开发者可以避免常见的生命周期相关问题,如内存泄漏、UI 更新异常、数据不一致等。它提供了一种结构化的方式来管理生命周期,并使代码更易于理解、测试和维护。

总之,Android Lifecycle 是一种用于管理 Android 组件生命周期的架构组件,它提供了一套机制和工具来观察、响应和管理组件的状态变化,使开发者能够编写更加可靠和健壮的代码。

2、LifeCycle类

Lifecycle 是一个类,用于存储有关组件(如 activity 或 fragment)的生命周期状态的信息,并允许其他对象观测此状态。

Lifecycle 使用两种主要枚举跟踪其关联组件的生命周期状态:

事件
从框架和 Lifecycle 类分派的生命周期事件。这些事件映射到 activity 和 fragment 中的回调事件。

状态
Lifecycle 对象所跟踪的组件的当前状态。

跟踪生命周期的流程如下:
在这里插入图片描述
熟悉状态机的同学很容易理解,状态在发生某些事情时就会跃迁到另一个状态,上图的箭头就描述了某些事件发生时状态的跃迁。

LifeCycle定义了以下几种状态:

    public enum State {
    
    
        /**
         * Destroyed state for a LifecycleOwner. After this event, this Lifecycle will not dispatch
         * any more events. For instance, for an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state is reached
         * <b>right before</b> Activity's {@link android.app.Activity#onDestroy() onDestroy} call.
         */
        DESTROYED,

        /**
         * Initialized state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this is
         * the state when it is constructed but has not received
         * {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate(android.os.Bundle) onCreate} yet.
         */
        INITIALIZED,

        /**
         * Created state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state
         * is reached in two cases:
         * <ul>
         *     <li>after {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate(android.os.Bundle) onCreate} call;
         *     <li><b>right before</b> {@link android.app.Activity#onStop() onStop} call.
         * </ul>
         */
        CREATED,

        /**
         * Started state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state
         * is reached in two cases:
         * <ul>
         *     <li>after {@link android.app.Activity#onStart() onStart} call;
         *     <li><b>right before</b> {@link android.app.Activity#onPause() onPause} call.
         * </ul>
         */
        STARTED,

        /**
         * Resumed state for a LifecycleOwner. For an {@link android.app.Activity}, this state
         * is reached after {@link android.app.Activity#onResume() onResume} is called.
         */
        RESUMED;

        /**
         * Compares if this State is greater or equal to the given {@code state}.
         *
         * @param state State to compare with
         * @return true if this State is greater or equal to the given {@code state}
         */
        public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state) {
    
    
            return compareTo(state) >= 0;
        }
    }

定义的事件如下:

    public enum Event {
    
    
        /**
         * Constant for onCreate event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
         */
        ON_CREATE,
        /**
         * Constant for onStart event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
         */
        ON_START,
        /**
         * Constant for onResume event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
         */
        ON_RESUME,
        /**
         * Constant for onPause event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
         */
        ON_PAUSE,
        /**
         * Constant for onStop event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
         */
        ON_STOP,
        /**
         * Constant for onDestroy event of the {@link LifecycleOwner}.
         */
        ON_DESTROY,
        /**
         * An {@link Event Event} constant that can be used to match all events.
         */
        ON_ANY;

LifeCycle除了提供了生命周期的记录,还提供了观测的方法,采用了设计模式观察者模式,

    /**
     * Adds a LifecycleObserver that will be notified when the LifecycleOwner changes
     * state.
     * <p>
     * The given observer will be brought to the current state of the LifecycleOwner.
     * For example, if the LifecycleOwner is in {@link State#STARTED} state, the given observer
     * will receive {@link Event#ON_CREATE}, {@link Event#ON_START} events.
     *
     * @param observer The observer to notify.
     */
    @MainThread
    public abstract void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);

    /**
     * Removes the given observer from the observers list.
     * <p>
     * If this method is called while a state change is being dispatched,
     * <ul>
     * <li>If the given observer has not yet received that event, it will not receive it.
     * <li>If the given observer has more than 1 method that observes the currently dispatched
     * event and at least one of them received the event, all of them will receive the event and
     * the removal will happen afterwards.
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param observer The observer to be removed.
     */
    @MainThread
    public abstract void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);

想要观测该状态,需要被Lifecycle添加为观察者,当然也可以移除解除通知。

同时提供了一个供外部查询当前状态的接口:

    /**
     * Returns the current state of the Lifecycle.
     *
     * @return The current state of the Lifecycle.
     */
    @MainThread
    @NonNull
    public abstract State getCurrentState();

3、LifecycleOwner类

LifecycleOwner只是个简单的接口类,定义了一个获取Lifecycle的方法。

public interface LifecycleOwner {
    
    
    /**
     * Returns the Lifecycle of the provider.
     *
     * @return The lifecycle of the provider.
     */
    @NonNull
    Lifecycle getLifecycle();
}

想要拥有生命周期管理的组件只要实现该接口即可。

像ComponentActivity就继承于该接口。

4、LifecycleObserver类

Lifecycle是一个被观测对象,自然要有观察者,即关心生命周期变化的人。提供了LifecycleObserver 类用于观测Lifecycle,学java的都知道,java就喜欢极度抽象,LifecycleObserver 是个空接口类,啥都没有。

public interface LifecycleObserver {
    
    

}

观察者的接口自然是观测Lifecyle状态变化,onXXX习惯用于表达XXX事件发生时的回调。

表达事件/状态变化可以有两种表达方式,一种是穷举出所有的事件,一种是通过形参表达,android两种形式都提供了:

FullLifecycleObserver 穷举定义了所有事件回调:

interface FullLifecycleObserver extends LifecycleObserver {
    
    

    void onCreate(LifecycleOwner owner);

    void onStart(LifecycleOwner owner);

    void onResume(LifecycleOwner owner);

    void onPause(LifecycleOwner owner);

    void onStop(LifecycleOwner owner);

    void onDestroy(LifecycleOwner owner);
}

通过函数形参区分不同事件的接口定义LifecycleEventObserver :

/**
 * Class that can receive any lifecycle change and dispatch it to the receiver.
 * <p>
 * If a class implements both this interface and
 * {@link androidx.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleObserver}, then
 * methods of {@code DefaultLifecycleObserver} will be called first, and then followed by the call
 * of {@link LifecycleEventObserver#onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner, Lifecycle.Event)}
 * <p>
 * If a class implements this interface and in the same time uses {@link OnLifecycleEvent}, then
 * annotations will be ignored.
 */
public interface LifecycleEventObserver extends LifecycleObserver {
    
    
    /**
     * Called when a state transition event happens.
     *
     * @param source The source of the event
     * @param event The event
     */
    void onStateChanged(@NonNull LifecycleOwner source, @NonNull Lifecycle.Event event);
}

注释里提到,如果一个Observer同时实现了这两种形式的接口,FullLifecycleObserver的相应接口会先被调用,其次才是onStateChanged这个接口。

同时还定义了一个空实现的DefaultLifecycleObserver,这样我们可以根据需要,override部分接口。

在最后,我们补全一张类图:

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转载自blog.csdn.net/HandsomeHong/article/details/132262930
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