PCI 总线在一般的小型手持设备中不太可能用到，但在工控和通信设备及其 PC 中却引领着潮流。在 Linux 系统中，PCI 设备驱动和 USB 设备驱动有共性，其驱动都由总线相关部分和自身设备类型驱动两部分组成。
1、 PCI 总线及其配置空间， PCI 总线在 Linux 内核中的数据结构。PCI 设备驱动的 PCI 相关部分围绕着 pci_driver 结构体的成员函数展开，
2、 pci_driver 结构体及其成员函数的含义，分析PCI设备驱动的框架结构。
21.1 PCI总线与配置空间
21.1.1 PCI总线的 Linux 描述
PCI 是 CPU 和外围设备通信的高速传输总线。PCI 规范能够实现 32 位并行数据传输，工作频率为 33MHz 或 66MHz，最大吞吐率达 266MB/s。
PCI 总线体系结构是一种层次式的体系结构，在层次式体系结构中，PCI 桥设备占据着重要的地位，它将父总线与子总线连接在一起。树的顶端是系统的 CPU，它通过一个较为特殊的 PCI 桥设备 — Host/PCI 桥设备与根 PCI 总线连接起来。
作为一种特殊的 PCI 设备，PCI 桥包括以下几种。
Host/PCI 桥：用于连接 CPU 与 PCI 根总线，第 1 个根总线的编号为 0。在 PC 中，内存控制器通常被集成到 Host/PCI 桥设备芯片中，因此，Host/PCI 桥通常也被称为“北桥芯片组（North Bridge Chipset）”。
PCI/ISA 桥：用于连接旧的 ISA 总线。通常，PCI 中的类似 i8359A 中断控制器这样的设备也会被集成到 PCI/ISA 桥设备中，PCI/ISA 桥通常也被称为“南桥芯片组（SouthBridge Chipset）”。
PCI-to-PCI 桥：用于连接 PCI 主总线（primary bus）与次总线（secondary bus）。PCI 桥所处的 PCI 总线称为“主总线”（即次总线的父总线），桥设备所连接的 PCI 总线称为“次总线”（即主总线的子总线）。
在 Linux 系统中，PCI 总线用 pci_bus 来描述，这个结构体记录了本 PCI 总线的信息以及本PCI 总线的父总线、子总线、桥设备信息，这个结构体的定义如代码清单 21.1 所示。
代码清单 21.1 pci_bus 结构体
include/linux/pci.h
struct pci_bus {
struct list_head node; /* 链表元素 node */
struct pci_bus *parent; /*指向该 PCI 总线的父总线，即 PCI 桥所在的总线 */
struct list_head children; /* 描述了这条 PCI 总线的子总线链表的表头 */
struct list_head devices; /* 描述了这条 PCI 总线的逻辑设备链表的表头 */
struct pci_dev *self; /* 指向引出这条 PCI 总线的桥设备的 pci_dev 结构 */
struct resource *resource[PCI_BUS_NUM_RESOURCES];
/* 指向应路由到这条 PCI 总线的地址空间资源 */
struct pci_ops *ops; /* 这条 PCI 总线所使用的配置空间访问函数 */
void *sysdata; /* 指向系统特定的扩展数据 */
struct proc_dir_entry *procdir;/*该 PCI 总线在/proc/bus/pci 中对应的目录项*/
unsigned char number; /* 这条 PCI 总线的总线编号 */
unsigned char primary; /* 桥设备的主总线 */
unsigned char secondary; /* PCI 总线的桥设备的次总线号 */
unsigned char subordinate;/*PCI 总线的下属 PCI 总线的总线编号最大值*/
char name[48];
unsigned short bridge_ctl;
pci_bus_flags_t bus_flags;
struct device *bridge;
struct class_device class_dev;
struct bin_attribute *legacy_io;
struct bin_attribute *legacy_mem;
unsigned int is_added:1;
};
假定一个如图 21.1 所示的 PCI 总线系统，根总线 0 上有一个 PCI 桥，它引出子总线 Bus 1，Bus 1 上又有一个 PCI 桥引出 Bus 2。
在上图中，Bus 0 总线的 pci_bus 结构体中的 number、primary、secondary 都应该为 0，因为它是通过 Host/PCI 桥引出的根总线；Bus 1 总线的 pci_bus 结构体中的 number 和 secondary 都为 1，但是它的 primary 应该为 0；Bus 2 总线的 pci_bus 结构体中的 number 和 secondary 都应该为 2，而其 primary 则应该等于 1。这 3 条总线的 subordinate 值都应该等于 2。
系统中当前存在的所有根总线都通过其 pci_bus 结构体中的 node 成员链接成一条全局的根总线链表，其表头由 list 类型的全局变量 pci_root_buses 来描述。而根总线下面的所有下级总线通过其 pci_bus 结构体中的 node 成员链接到其父总线的 children 链表中。这样，通过这两种 PCI总线链表，Linux 内核就将所有的 pci_bus 结构体以一种倒置树的方式组织起来。
假定对于如图 21.2所示的多根 PCI 总线体系结构，它所对应的总线链表结构将如图 21.3 所示。
21.1.2 PCI 设备的 Linux 描述
在 Linux 系统中，所有种类的 PCI 设备用 pci_dev 结构体来描述，由于一个 PCI 接口卡上可能包含多个功能模块，每个功能被当作一个独立的逻辑设备，因此，每一个 PCI 功能，即PCI 逻辑设备都惟一地对应一个 pci_dev 设备描述符，该结构体的定义如代码清单 21.2 所示。
代码清单 21.2 pci_dev 结构体
include/linux/pci.h
/*
* The pci_dev structure is used to describe PCI devices.
*/
struct pci_dev {
struct list_head bus_list; /* node in per-bus list */
struct pci_bus *bus; /* bus this device is on */
struct pci_bus *subordinate; /* bus this device bridges to */
void *sysdata; /* hook for sys-specific extension */
struct proc_dir_entry *procent; /* device entry in /proc/bus/pci */
struct pci_slot *slot; /* Physical slot this device is in */
unsigned int devfn; /* encoded device & function index */
unsigned short vendor;
unsigned short device;
unsigned short subsystem_vendor;
unsigned short subsystem_device;
unsigned int class; /* 3 bytes: (base,sub,prog-if) */
u8 revision; /* PCI revision, low byte of class word */
u8 hdr_type; /* PCI header type (`multi' flag masked out) */
u8 pcie_cap; /* PCIe capability offset */
u8 msi_cap; /* MSI capability offset */
u8 msix_cap; /* MSI-X capability offset */
u8 pcie_mpss:3; /* PCIe Max Payload Size Supported */
u8 rom_base_reg; /* which config register controls the ROM */
u8 pin; /* which interrupt pin this device uses */
u16 pcie_flags_reg; /* cached PCIe Capabilities Register */
u8 dma_alias_devfn;/* devfn of DMA alias, if any */
struct pci_driver *driver; /* which driver has allocated this device */
u64 dma_mask; /* Mask of the bits of bus address this
device implements. Normally this is
0xffffffff. You only need to change
this if your device has broken DMA
or supports 64-bit transfers. */
struct device_dma_parameters dma_parms;
pci_power_t current_state; /* Current operating state. In ACPI-speak,
this is D0-D3, D0 being fully functional,
and D3 being off. */
u8 pm_cap; /* PM capability offset */
unsigned int pme_support:5; /* Bitmask of states from which PME#
can be generated */
unsigned int pme_interrupt:1;
unsigned int pme_poll:1; /* Poll device's PME status bit */
unsigned int d1_support:1; /* Low power state D1 is supported */
unsigned int d2_support:1; /* Low power state D2 is supported */
unsigned int no_d1d2:1; /* D1 and D2 are forbidden */
unsigned int no_d3cold:1; /* D3cold is forbidden */
unsigned int d3cold_allowed:1; /* D3cold is allowed by user */
unsigned int mmio_always_on:1; /* disallow turning off io/mem
decoding during bar sizing */
unsigned int wakeup_prepared:1;
unsigned int runtime_d3cold:1; /* whether go through runtime
D3cold, not set for devices
powered on/off by the
corresponding bridge */
unsigned int ignore_hotplug:1; /* Ignore hotplug events */
unsigned int d3_delay; /* D3->D0 transition time in ms */
unsigned int d3cold_delay; /* D3cold->D0 transition time in ms */
#ifdef CONFIG_PCIEASPM
struct pcie_link_state *link_state; /* ASPM link state */
#endif
pci_channel_state_t error_state; /* current connectivity state */
struct device dev; /* Generic device interface */
int cfg_size; /* Size of configuration space */
/*
* Instead of touching interrupt line and base address registers
* directly, use the values stored here. They might be different!
*/
unsigned int irq;
struct resource resource[DEVICE_COUNT_RESOURCE]; /* I/O and memory regions + expansion ROMs */
bool match_driver; /* Skip attaching driver */
/* These fields are used by common fixups */
unsigned int transparent:1; /* Subtractive decode PCI bridge */
unsigned int multifunction:1;/* Part of multi-function device */
/* keep track of device state */
unsigned int is_added:1;
unsigned int is_busmaster:1; /* device is busmaster */
unsigned int no_msi:1; /* device may not use msi */
unsigned int no_64bit_msi:1; /* device may only use 32-bit MSIs */
unsigned int block_cfg_access:1; /* config space access is blocked */
unsigned int broken_parity_status:1; /* Device generates false positive parity */
unsigned int irq_reroute_variant:2; /* device needs IRQ rerouting variant */
unsigned int msi_enabled:1;
unsigned int msix_enabled:1;
unsigned int ari_enabled:1; /* ARI forwarding */
unsigned int is_managed:1;
unsigned int needs_freset:1; /* Dev requires fundamental reset */
unsigned int state_saved:1;
unsigned int is_physfn:1;
unsigned int is_virtfn:1;
unsigned int reset_fn:1;
unsigned int is_hotplug_bridge:1;
unsigned int __aer_firmware_first_valid:1;
unsigned int __aer_firmware_first:1;
unsigned int broken_intx_masking:1;
unsigned int io_window_1k:1; /* Intel P2P bridge 1K I/O windows */
unsigned int irq_managed:1;
unsigned int has_secondary_link:1;
unsigned int non_compliant_bars:1; /* broken BARs; ignore them */
pci_dev_flags_t dev_flags;
atomic_t enable_cnt; /* pci_enable_device has been called */
u32 saved_config_space[16]; /* config space saved at suspend time */
struct hlist_head saved_cap_space;
struct bin_attribute *rom_attr; /* attribute descriptor for sysfs ROM entry */
int rom_attr_enabled; /* has display of the rom attribute been enabled? */
struct bin_attribute *res_attr[DEVICE_COUNT_RESOURCE]; /* sysfs file for resources */
struct bin_attribute *res_attr_wc[DEVICE_COUNT_RESOURCE]; /* sysfs file for WC mapping of resources */
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_MSI
struct list_head msi_list;
const struct attribute_group **msi_irq_groups;
#endif
struct pci_vpd *vpd;
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_ATS
union {
struct pci_sriov *sriov; /* SR-IOV capability related */
struct pci_dev *physfn; /* the PF this VF is associated with */
};
struct pci_ats *ats; /* Address Translation Service */
#endif
phys_addr_t rom; /* Physical address of ROM if it's not from the BAR */
size_t romlen; /* Length of ROM if it's not from the BAR */
char *driver_override; /* Driver name to force a match */
};
21.1.3 PCI 配置空间访问
PCI 有 3 种地址空间：PCI I/O 空间、PCI 内存地址空间和 PCI 配置空间。CPU 可以访问所有的地址空间，其中 PCI I/O 空间和 PCI 内存地址空间由设备驱动程序使用。PCI 支持自动配置设备，PCI 驱动程序不需要实现复杂的检测逻辑。启动时，BIOS 或内核自身会遍历 PCI 总线并分配资源，如中断优先级和 I/O 基址。设备驱动程序通过 PCI 配置空间来找到资源分配情况。
PCI 规范定义3 种类型的 PCI 配置空间头部，其中 type 0 用于标准的 PCI 设备，type 1 用于 PCI 桥，type 2 用于 PCI CardBus 桥。如图 2.17 所示，不管是哪一种类型的配置空间头部，前 16 个字节的格式都相同。
include/linux/pci_regs.h 文件中定义 PCI 配置空间头部，如代码清单 21.3 所示。
代码清单 21.3 PCI 配置空间头部寄存器定义
#define PCI_VENDOR_ID 0x00 /* 16 bits */
#define PCI_DEVICE_ID 0x02 /* 16 bits */
/* PCI 命令寄存器 */
#define PCI_COMMAND 0x04 /* 16 bits */
#define PCI_COMMAND_IO 0x1 /* Enable response in I/O space */
#define PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY 0x2 /* Enable response in Memory space */
#define PCI_COMMAND_MASTER 0x4 /* Enable bus mastering */
#define PCI_COMMAND_SPECIAL 0x8 /* Enable response to special cycles */
#define PCI_COMMAND_INVALIDATE 0x10 /* Use memory write and invalidate */
#define PCI_COMMAND_VGA_PALETTE 0x20 /* Enable palette snooping */
#define PCI_COMMAND_PARITY 0x40 /* Enable parity checking */
#define PCI_COMMAND_WAIT 0x80 /* Enable address/data stepping */
#define PCI_COMMAND_SERR 0x100 /* Enable SERR */
#define PCI_COMMAND_FAST_BACK 0x200 /* Enable back-to-back writes */
#define PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE 0x400 /* INTx Emulation Disable */
/* PCI 状态寄存器 */
#define PCI_STATUS 0x06 /* 16 bits */
#define PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT 0x08 /* Interrupt status */
#define PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST 0x10 /* Support Capability List */
#define PCI_STATUS_66MHZ 0x20 /* Support 66 MHz PCI 2.1 bus */
#define PCI_STATUS_UDF 0x40 /* Support User Definable Features [obsolete] */
#define PCI_STATUS_FAST_BACK 0x80 /* Accept fast-back to back */
#define PCI_STATUS_PARITY 0x100 /* Detected parity error */
#define PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_MASK 0x600 /* DEVSEL timing */
#define PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_FAST 0x000
#define PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_MEDIUM 0x200
#define PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_SLOW 0x400
#define PCI_STATUS_SIG_TARGET_ABORT 0x800 /* Set on target abort */
#define PCI_STATUS_REC_TARGET_ABORT 0x1000 /* Master ack of " */
#define PCI_STATUS_REC_MASTER_ABORT 0x2000 /* Set on master abort */
#define PCI_STATUS_SIG_SYSTEM_ERROR 0x4000 /* Set when we drive SERR */
#define PCI_STATUS_DETECTED_PARITY 0x8000 /* Set on parity error */
/* 类代码寄存器和修订版本寄存器 */
#define PCI_CLASS_REVISION 0x08 /* High 24 bits are class, low 8 revision */
#define PCI_REVISION_ID 0x08 /* Revision ID */
#define PCI_CLASS_PROG 0x09 /* Reg. Level Programming Interface */
#define PCI_CLASS_DEVICE 0x0a /* Device class */
#define PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE 0x0c /* 8 bits */
#define PCI_LATENCY_TIMER 0x0d /* 8 bits */
/* PCI 头类型 */
#define PCI_HEADER_TYPE 0x0e /* 8 bits */
#define PCI_HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL 0
#define PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE 1
#define PCI_HEADER_TYPE_CARDBUS 2
/* 表示配置空间头部中的 Built-In Self-Test 寄存器在配置空间中的字节地址索引 */
#define PCI_BIST 0x0f /* 8 bits */
#define PCI_BIST_CODE_MASK 0x0f /* Return result */
#define PCI_BIST_START 0x40 /* 1 to start BIST, 2 secs or less */
#define PCI_BIST_CAPABLE 0x80 /* 1 if BIST capable */
紧接着前 16 个字节的寄存器为基地址寄存器 0～基地址寄存器 5，其中，PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_2～5 仅对标准 PCI 设备的 0 类型配置空间头部有意义，PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0～1 适用于0 类型和 1 类型配置空间头部。
基地址寄存器中的 bit［0］的值决定这个基地址寄存器所指定的地址范围是在 I/O 空间还是在内存映射空间内进行译码。当基地址寄存器所指定的地址范围位于内存映射空间中时，其 bit［2∶1］表示内存地址的类型，bit［3］表示内存范围是否为可预取（Prefetchable）的内存。1 类型配置空间头部适用于 PCI-PCI 桥设备，其基地址寄存器 0 与基地址寄存器 1 可以用来指定桥设备本身可能要用到的地址范围，而后 40 个字节（0x18～0x39）则被用来配置桥设备的主、次编号以及地址过滤窗口等信息。
pci_bus 结构体中的 pci_ops 类型成员指针 ops 指向该 PCI 总线所使用的配置空间访问操作的具体实现，pci_ops 结构体的定义如代码清单 21.4 所示。
代码清单 21.4 pci_ops 结构体
include/linux/pci.h
struct pci_ops {
int (*add_bus)(struct pci_bus *bus);
void (*remove_bus)(struct pci_bus *bus);
void __iomem *(*map_bus)(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where);
/* 读配置空间 */
int (*read)(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where, int size, u32 *val);
/* 写配置空间 */
};
read()和 write()成员函数中的 size 表示访问的是字节、2 字节还是 4 字节，对于 write()，val 是要写入的值；对于 read()，val 是要返回的读取到的值的指针。通过 bus 参数的成员以及devfn 可定位相应 PCI 总线上相应 PCI 逻辑设备的配置空间。在 Linux 设备驱动中，可用如下一组函数来访问配置空间：
include/linux/pci.h
inline int pci_read_config_byte(const struct pci_dev *dev, int where, u8 *val);
inline int pci_read_config_word(const struct pci_dev *dev, int where, u16 *val);
inline int pci_read_config_dword(const struct pci_dev *dev, int where, u32 *val);
inline int pci_write_config_byte(const struct pci_dev *dev, int where, u8 val);
inline int pci_write_config_word(const struct pci_dev *dev, int where, u16 val);
inline int pci_write_config_dword(const struct pci_dev *dev, int where, u32 val);
上述函数只是对如下函数进行调用：
int pci_bu _read_config _ byte (struct pci _ bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where, u8 *val);
/* 读字节 */
int pci_bus_read_config_word (struct pci _ bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where, u16
*val); /* 读字 */
int pci_bus_read_config_dword (struct pci _ bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where, u32
*val); /* 读双字 */
int pci_bus_write_config_byte (struct pci _ bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where, u8
val); /* 写字节 */
int pci_bus_write_config_word (struct pci _ bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where, u16
val); /* 写字 */
int pci_bus_write_config_dword (struct pci _ bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int where, u32
val); /* 写双字 */
PCI 总线、设备与驱动在/proc 和/sysfs 文件系统中的描述。首先，通过查看/proc/bus/pci 中的文件，可以获得系统连接的 PCI 设备的基本信息描述。
Ubuntu Linux 上的/proc/bus/pci 目录下的树型结构如下：
/proc/bus/pci
├── 00
│ ├── 00.0
│ ├── 01.0
│ ├── 03.0
│ ├── 05.0
│ ├── 05.1
│ ├── 05.2
│ ├── 05.4
│ ├── 11.0
│ ├── 11.4
│ ├── 14.0
│ ├── 16.0
│ ├── 16.1
│ ├── 1a.0
│ ├── 1c.0
│ ├── 1c.4
│ ├── 1c.5
│ ├── 1c.7
│ ├── 1d.0
│ ├── 1f.0
│ ├── 1f.2
│ └── 1f.3
├── 04
│ └── 00.0
├── 05
│ └── 00.0
├── 06
│ └── 00.0
├── 07
│ └── 00.0
├── devices
└── ff
├── 0b.0
├── 0b.1
├── 0b.2
├── 0c.0
├── 0c.1
├── 0c.2
├── 0c.3
├── 0c.4
├── 0c.5
├── 0c.6
├── 0c.7
├── 0d.0
├── 0d.1
├── 0d.2
├── 0d.3
├── 0f.0
├── 0f.1
├── 0f.2
├── 0f.3
├── 0f.4
├── 0f.5
├── 0f.6
├── 10.0
├── 10.1
├── 10.5
├── 10.6
├── 10.7
├── 12.0
├── 12.1
├── 12.4
├── 12.5
├── 13.0
├── 13.1
├── 13.2
├── 13.3
├── 13.6
├── 13.7
├── 14.0
├── 14.1
├── 14.2
├── 14.3
├── 14.4
├── 14.5
├── 14.6
├── 14.7
├── 16.0
├── 16.1
├── 16.2
├── 16.3
├── 16.6
├── 16.7
├── 17.0
├── 17.1
├── 17.2
├── 17.3
├── 17.4
├── 17.5
├── 17.6
├── 17.7
├── 1e.0
├── 1e.1
├── 1e.2
├── 1e.3
├── 1e.4
├── 1f.0
└── 1f.2
6 directories, 92 files
sysfs 文件系统/sys/bus/pci 目录中也给出了系统中总线上挂接的设备及驱动信息，该目录下的树型结构如下：
/sys/bus/pci
├── devices
│ ├── 0000:00:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:00.0
│ ├── 0000:00:01.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0
│ ├── 0000:00:03.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0
│ ├── 0000:00:05.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0
│ ├── 0000:00:05.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.1
│ ├── 0000:00:05.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.2
│ ├── 0000:00:05.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.4
│ ├── 0000:00:11.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0
│ ├── 0000:00:11.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.4
│ ├── 0000:00:14.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0
│ ├── 0000:00:16.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:16.0
│ ├── 0000:00:16.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:16.1
│ ├── 0000:00:1a.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0
│ ├── 0000:00:1c.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0
│ ├── 0000:00:1c.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4
│ ├── 0000:00:1c.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5
│ ├── 0000:00:1c.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7
│ ├── 0000:00:1d.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0
│ ├── 0000:00:1f.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.0
│ ├── 0000:00:1f.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2
│ ├── 0000:00:1f.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3
│ ├── 0000:04:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4/0000:04:00.0
│ ├── 0000:05:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5/0000:05:00.0
│ ├── 0000:06:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:06:00.0
│ ├── 0000:07:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:06:00.0/0000:07:00.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:0b.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0b.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:0b.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0b.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:0b.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0b.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.4
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.5
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.6
│ ├── 0000:ff:0c.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0c.7
│ ├── 0000:ff:0d.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0d.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:0d.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0d.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:0d.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0d.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:0d.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0d.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:0f.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0f.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:0f.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0f.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:0f.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0f.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:0f.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0f.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:0f.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0f.4
│ ├── 0000:ff:0f.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0f.5
│ ├── 0000:ff:0f.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0f.6
│ ├── 0000:ff:10.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:10.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:10.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:10.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:10.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:10.5
│ ├── 0000:ff:10.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:10.6
│ ├── 0000:ff:10.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:10.7
│ ├── 0000:ff:12.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:12.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:12.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:12.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:12.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:12.4
│ ├── 0000:ff:12.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:12.5
│ ├── 0000:ff:13.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:13.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:13.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:13.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:13.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:13.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:13.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:13.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:13.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:13.6
│ ├── 0000:ff:13.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:13.7
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.4
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.5
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.6
│ ├── 0000:ff:14.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.7
│ ├── 0000:ff:16.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:16.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:16.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:16.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:16.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:16.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:16.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:16.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:16.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:16.6
│ ├── 0000:ff:16.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:16.7
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.4
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.5
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.6
│ ├── 0000:ff:17.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.7
│ ├── 0000:ff:1e.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1e.0
│ ├── 0000:ff:1e.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1e.1
│ ├── 0000:ff:1e.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1e.2
│ ├── 0000:ff:1e.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1e.3
│ ├── 0000:ff:1e.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1e.4
│ ├── 0000:ff:1f.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1f.0
│ └── 0000:ff:1f.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1f.2
├── drivers
│ ├── agpgart-intel
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── agpgart-via
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── ahci
│ │ ├── 0000:00:11.4 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.4
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1f.2 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/ahci
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── asiliantfb
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── ast
│ │ ├── 0000:07:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:06:00.0/0000:07:00.0
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/drm
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── ata_generic
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/ata_generic
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── ata_piix
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/ata_piix
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── dwc2-pci
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── ehci-pci
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1a.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1d.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── hswep_uncore
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:0b.1 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0b.1
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:0b.2 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:0b.2
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:10.1 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:10.1
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:12.1 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:12.1
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:12.5 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:12.5
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:14.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.0
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:14.1 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:14.1
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:17.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.0
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:17.1 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:17.1
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:1e.3 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:1e.3
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── igb
│ │ ├── 0000:04:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4/0000:04:00.0
│ │ ├── 0000:05:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5/0000:05:00.0
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/igb
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── imsttfb
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── intel_mid_gpio
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── iosf_mbi_pci
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── lpc_ich
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1f.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.0
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/lpc_ich
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── mei_me
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/mei_me
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── ohci-pci
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── parport_pc
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/parport_pc
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── pata_sis
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/pata_sis
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── pcieport
│ │ ├── 0000:00:01.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0
│ │ ├── 0000:00:03.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1c.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1c.4 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1c.5 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.5
│ │ ├── 0000:00:1c.7 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── sbridge_edac
│ │ ├── 0000:ff:12.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:ff/0000:ff:12.0
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/sb_edac
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── serial
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── shpchp
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/shpchp
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── uhci_hcd
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/uhci_hcd
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── virtio-pci
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/virtio_pci
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ ├── xen-platform-pci
│ │ ├── bind
│ │ ├── new_id
│ │ ├── remove_id
│ │ ├── uevent
│ │ └── unbind
│ └── xhci_hcd
│ ├── 0000:00:14.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0
│ ├── bind
│ ├── new_id
│ ├── remove_id
│ ├── uevent
│ └── unbind
├── drivers_autoprobe
├── drivers_probe
├── rescan
├── resource_alignment
├── slots
│ ├── 0
│ │ ├── adapter
│ │ ├── address
│ │ ├── cur_bus_speed
│ │ ├── max_bus_speed
│ │ ├── module -> ../../../../module/pciehp
│ │ └── power
│ ├── 2
│ │ ├── address
│ │ ├── cur_bus_speed
│ │ └── max_bus_speed
│ └── 3
│ ├── address
│ ├── cur_bus_speed
│ └── max_bus_speed
└── uevent
164 directories, 151 files
此外，pciutils（PCI 工具）中的 lspci 工具会分析/proc/bus/pci 中的文件，从而可被用户用于查看系统中 PCI 设备的描述信息。例如在Ubuntu上运行lspci的结果为：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 02)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Address Map, VTd_Misc, System Management (rev 02)
00:05.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Hot Plug (rev 02)
00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 RAS, Control Status and Global Errors (rev 02)
00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 I/O APIC (rev 02)
00:11.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset SPSR (rev 05)
00:11.4 SATA controller: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset sSATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 05)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 05)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset MEI Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:16.1 Communication controller: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset MEI Controller #2 (rev 05)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev d5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev d5)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset PCI Express Root Port #6 (rev d5)
00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset PCI Express Root Port #8 (rev d5)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset 6-Port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation C610/X99 series chipset SMBus Controller (rev 05)
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
06:00.0 PCI bridge: ASPEED Technology, Inc. AST1150 PCI-to-PCI Bridge (rev 03)
07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ASPEED Technology, Inc. ASPEED Graphics Family (rev 30)
ff:0b.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring (rev 02)
ff:0b.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring (rev 02)
ff:0b.2 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring (rev 02)
ff:0c.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0c.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0c.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0c.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0c.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0c.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0c.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0c.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent (rev 02)
ff:0f.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent (rev 02)
ff:0f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent (rev 02)
ff:0f.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent (rev 02)
ff:0f.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 System Address Decoder & Broadcast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0f.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 System Address Decoder & Broadcast Registers (rev 02)
ff:0f.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 System Address Decoder & Broadcast Registers (rev 02)
ff:10.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCIe Ring Interface (rev 02)
ff:10.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCIe Ring Interface (rev 02)
ff:10.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Scratchpad & Semaphore Registers (rev 02)
ff:10.6 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Scratchpad & Semaphore Registers (rev 02)
ff:10.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Scratchpad & Semaphore Registers (rev 02)
ff:12.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Home Agent 0 (rev 02)
ff:12.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Home Agent 0 (rev 02)
ff:12.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Home Agent 1 (rev 02)
ff:12.5 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Home Agent 1 (rev 02)
ff:13.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Target Address, Thermal & RAS Registers (rev 02)
ff:13.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Target Address, Thermal & RAS Registers (rev 02)
ff:13.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 02)
ff:13.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 02)
ff:13.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO Channel 0/1 Broadcast (rev 02)
ff:13.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO Global Broadcast (rev 02)
ff:14.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Channel 0 Thermal Control (rev 02)
ff:14.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Channel 1 Thermal Control (rev 02)
ff:14.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Channel 0 ERROR Registers (rev 02)
ff:14.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 0 Channel 1 ERROR Registers (rev 02)
ff:14.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 0 & 1 (rev 02)
ff:14.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 0 & 1 (rev 02)
ff:14.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 0 & 1 (rev 02)
ff:14.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 0 & 1 (rev 02)
ff:16.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Target Address, Thermal & RAS Registers (rev 02)
ff:16.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Target Address, Thermal & RAS Registers (rev 02)
ff:16.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 02)
ff:16.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 02)
ff:16.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO Channel 2/3 Broadcast (rev 02)
ff:16.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO Global Broadcast (rev 02)
ff:17.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Channel 0 Thermal Control (rev 02)
ff:17.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Channel 1 Thermal Control (rev 02)
ff:17.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Channel 0 ERROR Registers (rev 02)
ff:17.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Integrated Memory Controller 1 Channel 1 ERROR Registers (rev 02)
ff:17.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 2 & 3 (rev 02)
ff:17.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 2 & 3 (rev 02)
ff:17.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 2 & 3 (rev 02)
ff:17.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DDRIO (VMSE) 2 & 3 (rev 02)
ff:1e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Power Control Unit (rev 02)
ff:1e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Power Control Unit (rev 02)
ff:1e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Power Control Unit (rev 02)
ff:1e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Power Control Unit (rev 02)
ff:1e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Power Control Unit (rev 02)
ff:1f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 VCU (rev 02)
ff:1f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 VCU (rev 02)
21.1.4 PCI DMA相关的 API
内核中定义一组专门针对 PCI 设备的 DMA 操作接口，主要包括如下。
1、设置 DMA 缓冲区掩码。
int pci_set_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *dev, u64 mask);
2、一致性 DMA 缓冲区分配/释放。
void *pci_alloc_consistent(struct pci_dev *pdev, size_t size, dma_addr_t *dma_handle);
void pci_free_consistent(struct pci_dev *hwdev, size_t size, void *vaddr, dma_addr_t dma_handle);
3、流式 DMA 缓冲区映射/去映射。
int pci_map_sg(struct pci_dev *pdev,struct scatterlist *sgl,int num_entries, int direction);
void pci_unmap_single(struct pci_dev *pdev, dma_addr_t dma_addr, size_t size, int direction);
void pci_unmap_sg(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct scatterlist *sg, int nents, int direction);
分析：
以 pci_开头的 API 用于 PCI 设备驱动。
21.1.5 PCI 设备驱动其他常用 API
除了 DMA API 外，在 PCI 设备驱动中其他常用的函数（或宏）如下所示。
1、获取 I/O 或内存资源。
#define pci _ resource _ start(dev,bar) ((dev)!resource[(bar)].start)
#define pci _ resource _ end(dev,bar) ((dev)!resource[(bar)].end)
#define pci _ resource _ flags(dev,bar) ((dev)!resource[(bar)].flags)
#define pci _ resource _ len(dev,bar) \
((pci _ resource _ start((dev),(bar)) == 0 && \
pci _ resource _ end((dev),(bar)) == \
pci _ resource _ start((dev),(bar))) ? 0 : \
\
(pci _ resource _ end((dev),(bar)) - \
pci _ resource _ start((dev),(bar)) + 1))
2、申请/释放 I/O 或内存资源。
int pci_request_regions(struct pci_dev *pdev, const char *res _ name);
void pci_release_regions(struct pci_dev *pdev);
3、获取/设置驱动私有数据。
void *pci_get_drvdata (struct pci_dev *pdev);
void pci_set_drvdata (struct pci_dev *pdev, void *data);
4、使能/禁止 PCI 设备。
int pci_enable_device(struct pci_dev *dev);
void pci_disable_device(struct pci_dev *dev);
5、设置为总线主 DMA。
void pci_set_master(struct pci _ dev *dev);
6、寻找指定总线指定槽位的 PCI 设备。
struct pci_dev *pci_find_slot (unsigned int bus, unsigned int devfn);
7、设置 PCI 能量管理状态
int pci_set_power_state(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state);
8、在设备的能力表中找出指定的能力。
int pci_find_capability (struct pci_dev *dev, int cap);
9、启用设备内存写无效事务。
int pci_set_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev);
10、禁用设备内存写无效事务。
void pci_clear_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev);