python中reduce函数详解

1、python2 中,reduce函数是内置函数

2、python3 中,函数被移到了functools模块中

3、官方文档:

reduce(...)
reduce(function, sequence[, initial]) -> value

Apply a function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of a sequence,
from left to right, so as to reduce the sequence to a single value.
For example, reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) calculates
((((1+2)+3)+4)+5). If initial is present, it is placed before the items
of the sequence in the calculation, and serves as a default when the
sequence is empty.

从左到右对一个序列的项累计地应用有两个参数的函数,以此合并序列到一个单一值。

例如,reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])  计算的就是((((1+2)+3)+4)+5)。

如果提供了 initial 参数,计算时它将被放在序列的所有项前面,如果序列是空的,它也就是计算的默认结果值了

4、解释:

reduce有三个参数:

  • function:有两个参数的额函数,           必需参数
  • sequence: 元组、列表等可迭代对象,  必需参数
  • inital: 初始值,                                     可选参数

5、reduce的工作过程是:

在迭代sequence(tuple ,list ,dictionary, string等可迭代物)的过程中,

  1. 首先把 前两个元素传给 函数参数,函数加工后,
  2. 然后把得到的结果和第三个元素作为两个参数传给函数参数,
  3. 函数加工后得到的结果又和第四个元素作为两个参数传给函数参数,依次类推

如果传入了 initial 值, 那么首先传的就不是 sequence 的第一个和第二个元素,而是 initial值和 第一个元素。

经过这样的累计计算之后合并序列到一个单一返回值

7、初阶1

from functools import reduce
def add(x,y):
    return x+y

reduce(add,[1,2,3,4])

其实就相当于 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10, 如果把加号改成乘号, 就成了阶乘了

当然 仅仅是求和的话还有更简单的方法,

sum([1,2,3,4])
10

8、初阶2

把一个整数列表拼成整数:

from functools import reduce

reduce(lambda x, y: x * 10 + y, [1 , 2, 3, 4, 5])
12345

9、进阶1

from functools import reduce

scientists =({'name':'Alan Turing', 'age':105, 'gender':'male'},
             {'name':'Dennis Ritchie', 'age':76, 'gender':'male'},
             {'name':'Ada Lovelace', 'age':202, 'gender':'female'},
             {'name':'Frances E. Allen', 'age':84, 'gender':'female'})
def reducer(accumulator , value):
    sum = accumulator['age'] + value['age']
    return sum
total_age = reduce(reducer, scientists)
print(total_age)
 'int' object is not subscriptable

错误分析:

第一轮循环时:accumulator =  {'name':'Alan Turing', 'age':105}

                          value =            {'name':'Dennis Ritchie', 'age':76}

第二轮循环时:accumulator =  sum = 105 + 76 = 181

                          value           =  {'name':'John von Neumann', 'age':114}

所以报错,如下图:

 修改:

from functools import reduce
scientists =({'name':'Alan Turing', 'age':105, 'gender':'male'},
             {'name':'Dennis Ritchie', 'age':76, 'gender':'male'},
             {'name':'Ada Lovelace', 'age':202, 'gender':'female'},
             {'name':'Frances E. Allen', 'age':84, 'gender':'female'})
def reducer(accumulator , value):
    sum = accumulator + value['age']
    return sum
total_age = reduce(reducer, scientists, 0)
print(total_age)

结果:

467

分析:

reduce 有三个参数, 第三个参数是初始值的意思,是可有可无的参数。

修改之后就不出错了,流程如下:

这个仍然也可以用 sum 来更简单的完成

sum([x['age'] for x in scientists ])

10、进阶2

from functools import reduce
scientists =({'name':'Alan Turing', 'age':105, 'gender':'male'},
             {'name':'Dennis Ritchie', 'age':76, 'gender':'male'},
             {'name':'Ada Lovelace', 'age':202, 'gender':'female'},
             {'name':'Frances E. Allen', 'age':84, 'gender':'female'})
def group_by_gender(accumulator , value):
    accumulator[value['gender']].append(value['name'])
    return accumulator
grouped = reduce(group_by_gender, scientists, {'male':[], 'female':[]})
print(grouped)
{'male': ['Alan Turing', 'Dennis Ritchie'], 'female': ['Ada Lovelace', 'Frances E. Allen']}

参考:

https://www.cnblogs.com/lonkiss/p/understanding-python-reduce-function.html

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转载自blog.csdn.net/bailixuance/article/details/85098215