全流程帖子 https://ask.oceanbase.com/t/topic/35604437/7
1.问题
如题，在编译miniob的时候遇到如下错误
[mu@vm-cnt8:~/code/miniob]$ sudo bash build.sh init
build.sh init
HEAD is now at 5df3037d Merge branch 'release-2.1.12-stable-pull' into patches-2.1
build.sh: line 83: cmake: command not found
build.sh: line 91: cmake: command not found
build.sh: line 99: cmake: command not found
build.sh: line 107: cmake: command not found
根据字面意思，是cmake命令找不到，但是我的系统里面已经有了符合条件的环境；以下是gihub/miniob仓库中docs里面how_to_build.md的内容
MiniOB 需要使用：
- cmake 版本 >= 3.13
- gcc/clang gcc建议8.3以上，编译器需要支持c++20新标准
- flex (2.5+), bison (3.7+) 用于生成词法语法分析代码
我使用的系统是centos8-steam的vmware虚拟机；当前使用的miniob的commit为
76221e46e66ef408771ce886aa0c586a09374b0d
以下是我的系统中各个依赖项的版本号，可以看到在子用户中，依赖项的所有命令都可以正常执行
[mu@vm-cnt8:~/code/miniob]$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-20)
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[mu@vm-cnt8:~/code/miniob]$ cmake --version
cmake version 3.27.4
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
[mu@vm-cnt8:~/code/miniob]$ flex --version
flex 2.6.1
[mu@vm-cnt8:~/code/miniob]$ bison --version
bison (GNU Bison) 3.8
Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
在root中，也可以正常执行这些命令
[root@vm-cnt8:~]# cmake --version
cmake version 3.27.4
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
[root@vm-cnt8:~]# flex --version
flex 2.6.1
[root@vm-cnt8:~]# bison --version
bison (GNU Bison) 3.8
Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
但是sudo执行miniob的安装脚本的时候，却找不到cmake命令
2.debug过程
经过大佬的教学，知道了一个新的sudo用法：sudo -E
sudo -E是继承当前用户的环境变量运行sudo后面的命令，否则环境变量会被清理掉；
但是在初次使用的时候，依旧无法成功编译miniob，也找不到cmake命令
[mu@vm-cnt8:~/code/miniob]$ sudo -E bash build.sh init
[sudo] password for mu:
build.sh init
HEAD is now at 5df3037d Merge branch 'release-2.1.12-stable-pull' into patches-2.1
build.sh: line 83: cmake: command not found
build.sh: line 91: cmake: command not found
build.sh: line 99: cmake: command not found
build.sh: line 107: cmake: command not found
[mu@vm-cnt8:~]$ sudo -E cmake --version
[sudo] password for mu:
sudo: cmake: command not found
3.最终解决：PATH环境变量
最终的解决办法是我自己想出来的（大佬也回复了我这个解决方案）
当前在子用户使用 sudo -E是找不到cmake命令的。
[mu@vm-cnt8:~]$ sudo -E cmake --version
[sudo] password for mu:
sudo: cmake: command not found
我的系统里面的PATH环境变量如下。
[mu@vm-cnt8:~]$ sudo env | grep PATH
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
而cmake的路径如下
[mu@vm-cnt8:~]$ type cmake
cmake is /usr/local/bin/cmake
[mu@vm-cnt8:~]$ whereis cmake
cmake: /usr/local/bin/cmake /usr/share/cmake
有没有可能，是因为cmake不在PATH环境变量里面，导致sudo的时候找不到命令呢？虽然在root和mu用户下都可以直接执行cmake。
于是我就去root里面执行了一下软连接
[root@vm-cnt8:~]# ls /usr/bin | grep cmake
[root@vm-cnt8:~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/cmake /usr/bin/cmake
[root@vm-cnt8:~]# ll /usr/bin | grep cmake
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Sep 1 05:57 cmake -> /usr/local/bin/cmake
再来试试
$ sudo -E cmake --version
cmake version 3.27.4
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
最后再来试试编译，应该是OK了，init成功执行，编译也通过了，没有报错
感谢miniob社区大佬们的帮助！
4.结论
如果出现一个命令，root和子用户都可以执行，但是子用户中sudo却找不到此命令，可以尝试检查一下该命令所在路径是否与当前系统的PATH环境变量不符合！