在Linux和Windows上安装分布式事务seata

1 前言

官网地址：https://seata.io/

源码地址：https://github.com/seata/seata

官网手册：https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/ops/deploy-guide-beginner.html

Seata，一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。

2 在Linux上安装seata

安装Seata，存储模式使用MySQL，服务发现和配置使用Nacos。

2.1 下载Seata

版本：v1.6.0

下载地址：wget https://github.com/seata/seata/releases/download/v1.6.0/seata-server-1.6.0.tar.gz

下载包：seata-server-1.6.0.tar.gz

2.2 解压Seata

解压命令：tar -zxvf seata-server-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /opt/seata-1.6.0

解析：把seata-server-1.6.0.tar.gz解压到/opt/seata-1.6.0。在seata下的目录。bin目录是启动脚本。conf目录是配置文件。ext目录下是skywalking插件相关内容。lib目录是全量jar包。logs目录是日志包。script目录是脚本目录。target目录是seata-server.jar包。

2.3 初始化数据库脚本

本例存储模式使用MySQL数据库。

2.3.1创建数据库和用户

用户名/口令：root/123456

数据库名称：seatadb

登录控制台：mysql -u root -p

在MySQL命令行控制台执行脚本

USE mysql;
CREATE DATABASE seatadb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE USER root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
GRANT ALL ON seatadb .* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

2.3.2 初始化seata数据库

脚本目录：/opt/seata-1.6.0/script/server/db/mysql.sql

初始化表：branch_table、distributed_lock、global_table、lock_table。

2.4 启动Nacos

启动脚本目录：/opt/nacos-2.1.1/bin

2.4.1 启动Nacos

启动命令：sh startup.sh -m standalone

地址：http://127.0.0.1:18848/nacos

用户名/口令：nacos/nacos

2.4.2 创建seata命名空间

命名空间名称：seata

命名空间ID：4b70485d-72dd-44df-a76a-7a3f578a3001

2.5 配置seata

在/opt/seata-1.6.0/conf目录下，application.example.yml是配置文件的模板，包含全量配置。application.yml是应用启动时加载配置，根据实际情况按需从application.example.yml中拷贝添加就行

2.5.1 修改application.yml配置

修改文件：/opt/seata-1.6.0/conf/application.yml

修改内容：

server:
  port: 7091
spring:
  application:
    name: seata-server
logging:
  config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
  file:
    path: ${
    
    user.home}/logs/seata
  extend:
    logstash-appender:
      destination: 127.0.0.1:4560
    kafka-appender:
      bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
      topic: logback_to_logstash
console:
  user:
    username: seata
    password: seata
seata:
  config:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      server-addr: 192.168.19.203:18848
      namespace: 142eba5f-a7b5-4a83-85bb-663c582c8ef1
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      username: nacos
      password: nacos
      context-path:
      data-id: seataServer.properties
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: 192.168.19.203:18848
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      namespace: 142eba5f-a7b5-4a83-85bb-663c582c8ef1
      cluster: default
      username: nacos
      password: nacos
      context-path:
  store:
    mode: db
    db:
      datasource: druid
      db-type: mysql
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.19.202:3306/hub_seatadb?rewriteBatchedStatements=true
      user: hub_seata
      password: 12345678
      min-conn: 5
      max-conn: 100
      global-table: global_table
      branch-table: branch_table
      lock-table: lock_table
      distributed-lock-table: distributed_lock
      query-limit: 100
      max-wait: 5000    
  security:
    secretKey: SeataSecretKey0c382ef121d778043159209298fd40bf3850a017
    tokenValidityInMilliseconds: 1800000
    ignore:
      urls: /,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-fe/public/**,/api/v1/auth/login

2.5.2 在Nacos新建seataServer.properties

2.5.2.1 页面配置

在Nacos页面中，选择

命名空间：seata。命名空间ID：4b70485d-72dd-44df-a76a-7a3f578a3001。创建配置seataServer.properties。

Data ID：seataServer.properties。

Group：SEATA_GROUP

配置格式：Properties

配置内容：从/opt/seata-1.6.0/script/config-center\config.txt文件中拷贝需求的配置。

本例从config.txt摘取的配置修改过的配置。

service.vgroupMapping.hub_tx_group=default
store.mode=db
store.lock.mode=db
store.session.mode=db
store.publicKey=123456
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.80.81:3306/seatadb?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=123456

解析：config.txt配置内容在源码包…/seata-1.6.0/config/seata-config-core/src/main/resources/config.txt和安装包/opt/seata-1.6.0/script/config-center/config.txt两处位置都可以找到。

2.5.2.2 配置生效

在Nacos中配置已经生效

2.6 启动seata

2.6.1启动seata

操作目录：/opt/seata-1.6.0/bin

启动命令：sh seata-server.sh

2.6.2查看seata日志

日志：/opt/seata-1.6.0/logs/start.out

命令：tail -f -n 300 /opt/seata-1.6.0/logs/start.out

2.6.3查看seata已注册

在Nacos已经注册了seata-server服务。

2.7 基于普通用户使用seata

在启动seata时，不使用root用户直接启动，建议使用普通用户。

改变安装目录赋权给一个普通用户就可以。

2.7.1 创建普通用户操作

创建用户命令：useradd learn

修改密码命令：passwd

解析：在执行passwd时，提示输入密码。可以查看用户信息：cat /etc/passwd。

2.7.2 普通用户信息

用户名称/口令：learn/12345678

2.7.3 把seata的安装目录赋权给普通用户

命令：chown -R learn:learn /opt/seata-1.6.0

2.7.4 启动seata

切换用户：su learn

操作目录：/opt/seata-1.6.0/bin

启动命令：sh seata-server.sh

2.8 使用nacos-config.sh脚本加载配置

使用nacos-config.sh脚本加载config.txt配置到nacos。

脚本目录：/opt/seata-1.6.0/script/config-center/nacos

命令：sh nacos-config.sh -h 192.168.80.81 -p 18848 -g SEATA_GROUP -t 4b70485d-72dd-44df-a76a-7a3f578a3001 -u nacos -w nacos

解析：本例没有使用这种方式。

3 在Windows上安装seata

安装Seata，存储模式使用MySQL，服务发现和配置使用Nacos。

3.1 下载Seata

版本：v1.6.0

发布日期：Dec 17, 2022

下载地址：https://github.com/seata/seata/releases/download/v1.6.0/seata-server-1.6.0.zip

下载包：seata-server-1.6.0.zip

3.2 解压Seata

seata-server-1.6.0.zip包解压到D:\dev\hub\ali\seata-1.6.0。

在seata-1.6.0下的目录。bin目录是启动脚本。conf目录是配置文件。ext目录下是skywalking插件相关内容。lib目录是全量jar包。logs目录是日志包。script目录是脚本目录。target目录是seata-server.jar包。

3.3 初始化数据库脚本

本例存储模式使用MySQL数据库。

3.3.1创建数据库和用户

用户名/口令：root/123456

数据库名称：seatadb

登录控制台：mysql -u root -p

在MySQL命令行控制台执行脚本。

USE mysql;
CREATE DATABASE seatadb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE USER root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
GRANT ALL ON seatadb .* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

3.3.2 初始化seata数据库

脚本目录：/opt/seata-1.6.0/script/server/db/mysql.sql

初始化表：branch_table、distributed_lock、global_table、lock_table。

3.4 其他

其他操作均同2,不再进行赘述

4 官方配置和SQL脚本

配置文件均是官网原件。

4.1 mysql.sql

文件目录：/opt/seata-1.6.0/script/server/db

文件内容：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
    `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
    `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
    `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
    `timeout`                   INT,
    `begin_time`                BIGINT,
    `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
    KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status` , `gmt_modified`),
    KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
    `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
    `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
    `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
    `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
    `status`            TINYINT,
    `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
    `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),
    `gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),
    PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
    `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `xid`            VARCHAR(128),
    `transaction_id` BIGINT,
    `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
    `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
    `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
    `status`         TINYINT      NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking',
    `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
    KEY `idx_status` (`status`),
    KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `distributed_lock`
(
    `lock_key`       CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `lock_value`     VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `expire`         BIGINT,
    primary key (`lock_key`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', 0);

4.2 config.txt

文件目录：/opt/seata-1.6.0/script/config-center

文件内容：

#For details about configuration items, see https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/user/configurations.html
#Transport configuration, for client and server
transport.type=TCP
transport.server=NIO
transport.heartbeat=true
transport.enableTmClientBatchSendRequest=false
transport.enableRmClientBatchSendRequest=true
transport.enableTcServerBatchSendResponse=false
transport.rpcRmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTcRequestTimeout=30000
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker
transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler
transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default
transport.shutdown.wait=3
transport.serialization=seata
transport.compressor=none
 
#Transaction routing rules configuration, only for the client
service.vgroupMapping.default_tx_group=default
#If you use a registry, you can ignore it
service.default.grouplist=127.0.0.1:8091
service.enableDegrade=false
service.disableGlobalTransaction=false
 
#Transaction rule configuration, only for the client
client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000
client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10
client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30
client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true
client.rm.reportRetryCount=5
client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=true
client.rm.tableMetaCheckerInterval=60000
client.rm.sqlParserType=druid
client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false
client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false
client.rm.sagaJsonParser=fastjson
client.rm.tccActionInterceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.tm.commitRetryCount=5
client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5
client.tm.defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout=60000
client.tm.degradeCheck=false
client.tm.degradeCheckAllowTimes=10
client.tm.degradeCheckPeriod=2000
client.tm.interceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.undo.dataValidation=true
client.undo.logSerialization=jackson
client.undo.onlyCareUpdateColumns=true
server.undo.logSaveDays=7
server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
client.undo.logTable=undo_log
client.undo.compress.enable=true
client.undo.compress.type=zip
client.undo.compress.threshold=64k
#For TCC transaction mode
tcc.fence.logTableName=tcc_fence_log
tcc.fence.cleanPeriod=1h
 
#Log rule configuration, for client and server
log.exceptionRate=100
 
#Transaction storage configuration, only for the server. The file, db, and redis configuration values are optional.
store.mode=file
store.lock.mode=file
store.session.mode=file
#Used for password encryption
store.publicKey=
 
#If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `file`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.file.dir=file_store/data
store.file.maxBranchSessionSize=16384
store.file.maxGlobalSessionSize=512
store.file.fileWriteBufferCacheSize=16384
store.file.flushDiskMode=async
store.file.sessionReloadReadSize=100
 
#These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `db`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `db`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
store.db.user=username
store.db.password=password
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.distributedLockTable=distributed_lock
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000
 
#These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `redis`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `redis`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.redis.mode=single
store.redis.single.host=127.0.0.1
store.redis.single.port=6379
store.redis.sentinel.masterName=
store.redis.sentinel.sentinelHosts=
store.redis.maxConn=10
store.redis.minConn=1
store.redis.maxTotal=100
store.redis.database=0
store.redis.password=
store.redis.queryLimit=100
 
#Transaction rule configuration, only for the server
server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000
server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
server.distributedLockExpireTime=10000
server.xaerNotaRetryTimeout=60000
server.session.branchAsyncQueueSize=5000
server.session.enableBranchAsyncRemove=false
server.enableParallelRequestHandle=false
 
#Metrics configuration, only for the server
metrics.enabled=false
metrics.registryType=compact
metrics.exporterList=prometheus
metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898