Qt下使用ModbusTcp通信协议进行PLC线圈/保持寄存器的读写（32位有符号数）

企业开发 2023-09-20 19:12:00 阅读次数: 0

文章目录

前言

本文主要讲述了使用Qt的Modbus模块来进行ModbusTcp的通信，实现对PLC的线圈寄存器和保持寄存器的读写，基于TCP/IP的Modbus协议的内容我就不做过多解释了，详见参考文章。在本文示例中采用QModbusTcpClient类作为Modbus客户端（主站），PLC作为从站，封装了一个自己的MyModbus类，希望可以帮助到大家，如有错误之处，欢迎大家批评指正。

项目效果
请添加图片描述

提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、引入Modbus模块

1.这里我实现了自己的MyModbus类的封装，使用了pri子模块的方式，也是方便日后进行此模块的复用
pri中引入Modbus模块：
MyModbus.pri

QT   += serialbus serialport

MyModbus类中添加相关头文件

#include <QModbusTcpClient>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>

二、Modbus设备的连接

1.ModbusTcp的连接只需要配置好连接参数IP+Port

//判断当前连接状态是否为断开状态
if(myClient->state() != QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
{
    
    
    //配置ModbusTcp的连接参数IP+Port
    myClient->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::NetworkAddressParameter,ip);
    myClient->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::NetworkPortParameter,port);
    myClient->connectDevice();
}

三、各寄存器数据的读取

1.Modbus中有4种操作对象，这4种都能进行读取操作：线圈、离散输入、保持寄存器、输入寄存器

//读取modbus设备各寄存器数据
//typeNum:1_线圈 2_离散输入 3_保持 4_输入
bool MyModbus::readModbusData(int typeNum,int startAdd,quint16 numbers)
{
    
    
    if(myClient->state() != QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
    {
    
    
        return false;
    }

    //确定寄存器类型
    QModbusDataUnit ReadUnit;
    if(typeNum == 1)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::Coils,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else if(typeNum == 2)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::DiscreteInputs,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else if(typeNum == 3)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else if(typeNum == 4)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"读取寄存器类型错误";
        return false;
    }
    LOGDEBUG<<"readModbusData typeNum:"<<typeNum;

    //多读
    if(auto *reply = myClient->sendReadRequest(ReadUnit,1))
    {
    
    
        if(!reply->isFinished())
        {
    
    
            if((typeNum == 1) || (typeNum == 2))
            {
    
    
                QObject::connect(reply,&QModbusReply::finished,this,&MyModbus::slot_readReadyCoils);   //读取线圈
            }
            if((typeNum == 3) || (typeNum == 4))
            {
    
    
                QObject::connect(reply,&QModbusReply::finished,this,&MyModbus::slot_readReadyRegisters);   //读取寄存器
            }
            //reply->deleteLater();
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
    
    
            reply->deleteLater();
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"读取错误:" + myClient->errorString();
        return false;
    }
}

四、各寄存器数据的写入

1.Modbus中4种操作对象只有这2种能进行写入操作：线圈 、保持寄存器

//对modbus设备各寄存器写入数据
//typeNum:1_线圈 2_保持 (这两类寄存器可读可写,其余的只读)
bool MyModbus::writeModbusData(int typeNum,int startAdd,int writeNum)
{
    
    
    if(myClient->state() != QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
    {
    
    
        return false;
    }

    //确定寄存器类型
    QModbusDataUnit writeUnit;
    if(typeNum == 1)
    {
    
    
        writeUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::Coils,startAdd,1);   //写入一个数据
        writeUnit.setValue(0,writeNum);

        //单写
        //bool ok;
        //quint16 hexData = writeData.toInt(&ok,16);   //转16进制
    }
    else if(typeNum == 2)
    {
    
    
        writeUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters,startAdd,2);   //写入两个数据
        quint16 uData16[2] = {
    
    0};
        uData16[0] = writeNum & 0xffff;
        uData16[1] = (writeNum >> 16) & 0xffff;
        writeUnit.setValue(0,uData16[0]);
        writeUnit.setValue(1,uData16[1]);
        //LOGDEBUG<<"uData16[0]:"<<uData16[0]<<"   uData16[1]:"<<uData16[1]<<"   writeNum:"<<writeNum;
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"写入寄存器类型错误";
        return false;
    }
    //LOGDEBUG<<"writeModbusData typeNum:"<<typeNum<<"   writeNum:"<<writeNum;
    if(auto *reply = myClient->sendWriteRequest(writeUnit,1))
    {
    
    
        if(!reply->isFinished())
        {
    
    
            connect(reply,&QModbusReply::finished,this,[reply]()
            {
    
    
                if(reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
                {
    
    
                    reply->deleteLater();
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
    
    
                    LOGDEBUG<<"写入返回错误:"<<reply->error();
                    reply->deleteLater();
                    return false;
                }
            });
        }
        else
        {
    
    
            reply->deleteLater();
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"写入错误:" + myClient->errorString();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

五、示例完整代码

这里是示例项目的完整代码，包含pro主程序和MyModbus.pri子文件
1.ModbusTest.pro

QT   += core gui

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

CONFIG += c++11

#定义编译选项.QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS表示当Qt的某些功能被标记为过时的,那么编译器会发出警告.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

#设置字符(MSCV编译器下防止中文乱码)
contains( CONFIG,"msvc" ):QMAKE_CXXFLAGS += /source-charset:utf-8 /execution-charset:utf-8
contains( CONFIG,"msvc" ):QMAKE_CFLAGS +=/source-charset:utf-8 /execution-charset:utf-8

include (./MyModbus/MyModbus.pri)

SOURCES += \
    main.cpp \
    widget.cpp

HEADERS += \
    widget.h

FORMS += \
    widget.ui

# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${
    
    TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${
    
    TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target

2.MyModbus.pri

QT       += serialbus serialport

HEADERS += \
    $$PWD/mymodbus.h

SOURCES += \
    $$PWD/mymodbus.cpp

3.mymodbus.h

#ifndef MYMODBUS_H
#define MYMODBUS_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QModbusTcpClient>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
#include <QDebug>

#define LOGDEBUG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__

class MyModbus : public QObject
{
    
    
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit MyModbus(QObject *parent = nullptr);
    ~MyModbus();

    void initModbus();

    void connectToModbus(QString ip,int port);

    bool readModbusData(int typeNum,int startAdd,quint16 numbers);
    bool writeModbusData(int typeNum,int startAdd,int writeNum);

signals:
    void signal_stateChanged(bool flag);
    void signal_readCoils(QVector<quint16> vAllData);
    void signal_readRegisters(int resultNum);

private slots:
    void slot_stateChanged();
    void slot_readReadyCoils();
    void slot_readReadyRegisters();

private:
    QModbusTcpClient *myClient;

};
#endif // MYMODBUS_H

4.mymodbus.cpp

#include "mymodbus.h"

MyModbus::MyModbus(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
    
    
    this->initModbus();
}

MyModbus::~MyModbus()
{
    
    

}

//初始化
void MyModbus::initModbus()
{
    
    
    myClient = new QModbusTcpClient();
    //connect(myClient,SIGNAL(stateChanged()),this,SLOT(slot_stateChanged()));
    connect(myClient,&QModbusClient::stateChanged,this,&MyModbus::slot_stateChanged);
}

//连接到modbus设备
void MyModbus::connectToModbus(QString ip,int port)
{
    
    
    if(!myClient)
    {
    
    
        return;
    }

    //判断当前连接状态是否为断开状态
    if(myClient->state() != QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
    {
    
    
        //配置ModbusTcp的连接参数IP+Port
        myClient->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::NetworkAddressParameter,ip);
        myClient->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::NetworkPortParameter,port);
        myClient->connectDevice();
    }
    //else
    //{
    
    
    //    myClient->disconnectDevice();
    //}
}

//读取modbus设备各寄存器数据
//typeNum:1_线圈 2_离散输入 3_保持 4_输入
bool MyModbus::readModbusData(int typeNum,int startAdd,quint16 numbers)
{
    
    
    if(myClient->state() != QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
    {
    
    
        return false;
    }

    //确定寄存器类型
    QModbusDataUnit ReadUnit;
    if(typeNum == 1)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::Coils,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else if(typeNum == 2)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::DiscreteInputs,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else if(typeNum == 3)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else if(typeNum == 4)
    {
    
    
        ReadUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters,startAdd,numbers);
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"读取寄存器类型错误";
        return false;
    }
    LOGDEBUG<<"readModbusData typeNum:"<<typeNum;

    //多读
    if(auto *reply = myClient->sendReadRequest(ReadUnit,1))
    {
    
    
        if(!reply->isFinished())
        {
    
    
            if((typeNum == 1) || (typeNum == 2))
            {
    
    
                QObject::connect(reply,&QModbusReply::finished,this,&MyModbus::slot_readReadyCoils);   //读取线圈
            }
            if((typeNum == 3) || (typeNum == 4))
            {
    
    
                QObject::connect(reply,&QModbusReply::finished,this,&MyModbus::slot_readReadyRegisters);   //读取寄存器
            }
            //reply->deleteLater();
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
    
    
            reply->deleteLater();
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"读取错误:" + myClient->errorString();
        return false;
    }
}

//对modbus设备各寄存器写入数据
//typeNum:1_线圈 2_保持 (这两类寄存器可读可写,其余的只读)
bool MyModbus::writeModbusData(int typeNum,int startAdd,int writeNum)
{
    
    
    if(myClient->state() != QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
    {
    
    
        return false;
    }

    //确定寄存器类型
    QModbusDataUnit writeUnit;
    if(typeNum == 1)
    {
    
    
        writeUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::Coils,startAdd,1);   //写入一个数据
        writeUnit.setValue(0,writeNum);

        //单写
        //bool ok;
        //quint16 hexData = writeData.toInt(&ok,16);   //转16进制
    }
    else if(typeNum == 2)
    {
    
    
        writeUnit = QModbusDataUnit(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters,startAdd,2);   //写入两个数据
        quint16 uData16[2] = {
    
    0};
        uData16[0] = writeNum & 0xffff;
        uData16[1] = (writeNum >> 16) & 0xffff;
        writeUnit.setValue(0,uData16[0]);
        writeUnit.setValue(1,uData16[1]);
        //LOGDEBUG<<"uData16[0]:"<<uData16[0]<<"   uData16[1]:"<<uData16[1]<<"   writeNum:"<<writeNum;
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"写入寄存器类型错误";
        return false;
    }
    //LOGDEBUG<<"writeModbusData typeNum:"<<typeNum<<"   writeNum:"<<writeNum;
    if(auto *reply = myClient->sendWriteRequest(writeUnit,1))
    {
    
    
        if(!reply->isFinished())
        {
    
    
            connect(reply,&QModbusReply::finished,this,[reply]()
            {
    
    
                if(reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
                {
    
    
                    reply->deleteLater();
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
    
    
                    LOGDEBUG<<"写入返回错误:"<<reply->error();
                    reply->deleteLater();
                    return false;
                }
            });
        }
        else
        {
    
    
            reply->deleteLater();
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"写入错误:" + myClient->errorString();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

//监听TCP连接的状态,若状态发生改变,发出对应的信号
void MyModbus::slot_stateChanged()
{
    
    
    LOGDEBUG<<myClient->state();
    if(myClient->state() == QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
    {
    
    
        emit signal_stateChanged(true);
    }
    else if(myClient->state() == QModbusDevice::UnconnectedState)
    {
    
    
        emit signal_stateChanged(false);
    }
}

//接收到读取线圈/离散输入寄存器请求后执行的槽函数
void MyModbus::slot_readReadyCoils()
{
    
    
    QVector<quint16> vAllData;
    QModbusReply *reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply *>(sender());
    if(!reply)
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"读取线圈/离散输入寄存器错误";
        return;
    }
    if(reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
    {
    
    
        const QModbusDataUnit unit = reply->result();
        vAllData = unit.values();
        emit signal_readCoils(vAllData);
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"线圈/离散输入寄存器回复错误:"<<reply->error();
    }
    reply->deleteLater();
}

//接收到读取保持/输入寄存器请求后执行的槽函数
void MyModbus::slot_readReadyRegisters()
{
    
    
    QModbusReply *reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply *>(sender());
    if(!reply)
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"读取保持/输入寄存器错误";
        return;
    }
    if(reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
    {
    
    
        const QModbusDataUnit unit = reply->result();
        auto valueList = unit.values();
        int nSize = valueList.size();
        if(nSize == 2)
        {
    
    
            quint16 uData16[2] = {
    
    0};
            uData16[0] = valueList[0];
            uData16[1] = valueList[1];
            int resultNum = uData16[0] | (uData16[1] << 16);
            //LOGDEBUG<<"uData16[0]:"<<uData16[0]<<"   uData16[1]:"<<uData16[1]<<"   resultNum:"<<resultNum;
            emit signal_readRegisters(resultNum);
        }
        else
        {
    
    
            LOGDEBUG<<"保持寄存器返回数据错误,个数:"<<nSize;
        }
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"保持/输入寄存器回复错误:"<<reply->error();
    }
    reply->deleteLater();
}

/*
//读取保持/输入寄存器数据的另一种方式,已废弃
//当前数据格式为大端模式,高位存低地址
//判断正负数,以高8位的16进制是否为f判断
int resultNum = 0;
if(QString::number(valueList[1],16).left(1) == "f")   //负数
{
    //判断是否小于-65535,高16位的10进制为65535
    if(valueList[1] == 65535)
    {
        resultNum = valueList[0] - 65536;
    }
    else
    {
        resultNum = (valueList[1] - 65535) * 65536 + (valueList[0] - 65536);
    }
}
else
{
    //判断是否大于65535,高16位的10进制大于0
    if(valueList[1] > 0)
    {
        resultNum = valueList[1] * 65536 + valueList[0];
    }
    else
    {
        resultNum = valueList[0];
    }
}
*/

5.widget.h

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QDateTime>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include "MyModbus/mymodbus.h"

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui {
    
     class Widget; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    
    
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

    void initWidget();

private slots:
    void slot_stateChanged(bool flag);
    void slot_readCoils(QVector<quint16> vAllData);
    void slot_readRegisters(int resultNum);

private slots:
    void on_pb_connect_clicked();
    void on_pb_readM_clicked();
    void on_pb_writeM_clicked();
    void on_pb_readD_clicked();
    void on_pb_writeD_clicked();

private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;

    MyModbus *m_myModsbus;   //MyModbus对象

};
#endif // WIDGET_H

6.widget.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
    : QWidget(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    
    
    ui->setupUi(this);
    this->initWidget();
}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    
    
    delete ui;
}

void Widget::initWidget()
{
    
    
    //初始化MyModbus对象
    m_myModsbus = new MyModbus();
    connect(m_myModsbus,SIGNAL(signal_stateChanged(bool)),this,SLOT(slot_stateChanged(bool)));
    connect(m_myModsbus,SIGNAL(signal_readCoils(QVector<quint16>)),this,SLOT(slot_readCoils(QVector<quint16>)));
    connect(m_myModsbus,SIGNAL(signal_readRegisters(int)),this,SLOT(slot_readRegisters(int)));

}

void Widget::slot_stateChanged(bool flag)
{
    
    
    if(flag)
    {
    
    
        ui->lb_state->setText("连接成功");
        ui->te_show->appendPlainText(QTime::currentTime().toString("hh:mm:ss: ") + "连接成功");
        QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","连接成功!");
    }
    else
    {
    
    
        ui->lb_state->setText("连接断开");
        ui->te_show->appendPlainText(QTime::currentTime().toString("hh:mm:ss: ") + "连接断开");
        QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","连接断开!");
    }
}

void Widget::slot_readCoils(QVector<quint16> vAllData)
{
    
    
    LOGDEBUG<<"readCoils size:"<<vAllData.size();
    for(int i=0;i<vAllData.size();i++)
    {
    
    
        LOGDEBUG<<"i:"<<vAllData[i];

        ui->te_show->appendPlainText(QTime::currentTime().toString("hh:mm:ss: ") + "读取M区返回数据:" + QString::number(vAllData[i]));
        ui->le_dataM->setText(QString::number(vAllData[0]));
    }
}

void Widget::slot_readRegisters(int resultNum)
{
    
    
    LOGDEBUG<<"resultNum:"<<resultNum;

    ui->te_show->appendPlainText(QTime::currentTime().toString("hh:mm:ss: ") + "读取D区返回数据:" + QString::number(resultNum));
    ui->le_dataD->setText(QString::number(resultNum));
}

void Widget::on_pb_connect_clicked()
{
    
    
    QString ip = ui->le_ip->text();
    int port = ui->le_port->text().toInt();
    LOGDEBUG<<"ip:"<<ip<<"   port:"<<port;
    ui->te_show->appendPlainText(QTime::currentTime().toString("hh:mm:ss: ") + "ip:" + ip + " port:" + QString::number(port));

    //连接到modbus设备
    m_myModsbus->connectToModbus(ip,port);
}

void Widget::on_pb_readM_clicked()
{
    
    
    int startAdd = ui->le_addressM->text().toInt();
    LOGDEBUG<<"startAdd:"<<startAdd;

    if(!m_myModsbus->readModbusData(1,startAdd,1))
    {
    
    
        QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","M区数据读取失败!");
    }
}

void Widget::on_pb_writeM_clicked()
{
    
    
    int startAdd = ui->le_addressM->text().toInt();
    int writeNum = ui->le_dataM->text().toInt();
    LOGDEBUG<<"startAdd:"<<startAdd<<"   writeNum:"<<writeNum;

    //单写
    if(!m_myModsbus->writeModbusData(1,startAdd,writeNum))
    {
    
    
        QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","M区数据写入失败!");
    }
}

void Widget::on_pb_readD_clicked()
{
    
    
    int startAdd = ui->le_addressD->text().toInt();
    LOGDEBUG<<"startAdd:"<<startAdd;

    if(!m_myModsbus->readModbusData(3,startAdd,2))
    {
    
    
        QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","D区数据读取失败!");
    }
}

void Widget::on_pb_writeD_clicked()
{
    
    
    int startAdd = ui->le_addressD->text().toInt();
    int writeNum = ui->le_dataD->text().toInt();;
    LOGDEBUG<<"startAdd:"<<startAdd<<"   writeNum:"<<writeNum;

    //进行写入寄存器数据的处理
    if(!m_myModsbus->writeModbusData(2,startAdd,writeNum))
    {
    
    
        QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","D区数据写入失败!");
    }
}

7.main.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QMutex>

//程序输出日志
void outputMessage(QtMsgType type,const QMessageLogContext &context,const QString &msg)
{
    
    
    static QMutex mutex;
    mutex.lock();

    //初始化log文件夹
    QString logFilePath = QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath() + "/LogFile/";
    QDir dstDir(logFilePath);
    if(!dstDir.exists())
    {
    
    
        if(!dstDir.mkpath(logFilePath))
        {
    
    
            LOGDEBUG<<"程序输出日志创建失败！";
        }
        else
        {
    
    
            LOGDEBUG<<"程序输出日志创建成功！";
        }
    }

    //获取输出内容
    QString debugMsg;
    if(type == QtDebugMsg)
    {
    
    
        QString debugDateTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
        debugMsg = QString("%1\n%2%3").arg(debugDateTime).arg(msg).arg(context.function);
    }

    //保存文件
    QString curDate = QDate::currentDate().toString("yyyyMMdd");
    QString logFile = logFilePath + "log_" + curDate + ".txt";
    QFile file(logFile);
    file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Append);
    QTextStream textStream(&file);
    textStream << debugMsg << "\n\n";
    file.flush();
    file.close();

    mutex.unlock();
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    
    
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    qInstallMessageHandler(outputMessage);
    Widget w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

8.widget.ui
请添加图片描述

总结

基于Qt使用这个ModbusTcp协议进行通信，还是比较简单的，首先就是确定下寄存器的类型，直接使用相关的函数进行读写。需要注意的一点是在进行保持寄存器读写的时候，我们PLC某个地址上的数是个16位的数，所以在进行32位有符号数读写的时候，要考虑两个相邻地址的组合，文中就对此进行了处理，这种情况下PLC那边也别忘记进行相应的设置哈。

hello：
共同学习，共同进步，如果还有相关问题，可在评论区留言进行讨论。

参考博客：
QT下的Modbus TCP 通讯
C++与PLC通过Modbus TCP协议进行PLC内部寄存器的值的读取/写入总结

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