01-mysql安装篇（rpm方式安装+二进制方式安装）

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一、rpm方式安装

1、检查是否安装了mariadb

[root@db-mysql ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@db-mysql ~]#

卸载清除： rpm -e 文件名

[root@db-mysql ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
[root@db-mysql ~]# 
[root@db-mysql ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb  
[rootdb-mysql ~]#

2、下载mysql

官网地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

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3、上传解压

[root@db-mysql ~]# mkdir mysql-bundle

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

4、安装

## 安装mysql所依赖的包
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# 

## 安装mysql服务
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

报错：error: Failed dependencies:
net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64

解决：

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# yum install -y net-tools
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# yum install -y perl
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# yum install -y libaio

## 再次安装mysql服务
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

5、检查安装

[root@cdb-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

6、开启mysql服务

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-12-22 10:48:53 CST; 9s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 2190 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2140 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2194 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─2194 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Dec 22 10:48:50 centos01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 22 10:48:53 centos01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

7、登陆mysql

第一次启动mysql，会自动生成一个随机密码，可在/var/log/mysqld.log中查看。

[root@db-mysql ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-12-22T02:48:50.966917Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: q=VIgtgHH7p_
2022-12-22T02:54:05.987706Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
2022-12-22T02:54:14.598377Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2022-12-22T02:54:27.747247Z 4 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@db-mysql ~]#

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8、修改密码设置规则（简单型-学习用）

[root@centos01 mysql-bundle]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@centos01 mysql-bundle]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_number_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

9、修改密码

mysql>  alter user root@localhost identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

10、授权远程登陆

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

测试：
![在这里图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/f02eadbd2a294ec3bcc526f068e9baa5.png

11、启停mysql命令

## 启动 mysql 服务
[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl start mysqld
## 关闭
[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
## 重启
[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
## 状态查看
[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl status mysqld
## 设置开机自启
[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

12、rpm方式安装说明

## rpm方式重要文件路径说明
主要文件默认路径如下：
配置文件路径：/etc/my.cnf
数据存储目录：/var/lib/mysql
错误日志存储路径：/var/log/mysqld.log
socket文件路径：/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
参数可以通过/etc/my.cnf参数配置文件查看和自定义。

二、二进制方式安装V5.7.18

1、上传解压

[root@db-mysql mysql-tar]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

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2、创建安装目录

[root@db-mysql mysql-tar]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql

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3、拷贝解压后的文件至安装目录/usr/local/mysql/

[root@db-mysql ~]# mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/

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4、创建相关目录

[root@db-mysql mysql]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@db-mysql mysql]# 
[root@db-mysql mysql]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/log
[root@db-mysql mysql]# 
[root@db-mysql mysql]# touch /usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log
[root@db-mysql mysql]# 
[root@db-mysql mysql]#

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5、创建mysql组和用户

[root@db-mysql mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@db-mysql mysql]# 
[root@db-mysql mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@db-mysql mysql]#

6、更改安装目录归属

[root@db-mysql mysql]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@db-mysql mysql]# chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/

或者使用：

[root@db-mysql mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

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7、初始化MySQL

[root@db-mysql mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

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8、配置MySQL

[root@db-mysql mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock
user=mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
skip-grant-tables
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[client]
socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock

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9、启动MySQL

[root@db-mysql mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@db-mysql support-files]# sh mysql.server start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@db-mysql support-files]#

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查看MySQL服务是否启动成功

[root@db-mysql support-files]# sh mysql.server status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (2294)
[root@db-mysql support-files]#

10、配置环境变量

[root@db-mysql support-files]# vi /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

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使配置生效

[root@db-mysql support-files]# source /etc/profile

11、允许root账号远程访问

[root@db-mysql support-files]# mysql -u root -p

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修改mysql数据库密码报错：
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement.

解决：先刷新权限表

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

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12、设置mysql服务开机自启

[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

报错： Unit mysqld.service could not be found.

[root@db-mysql mysql]# find / -name mysql.server
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
[root@db-mysql mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
mysqld.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on
[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
[root@db-mysql mysql]#

13、mysql服务启动

[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (exited) since 三 2023-05-10 18:28:08 CST; 2s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 10873 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql mysqld[10873]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql mysqld[10873]: 2023-05-10T10:28:08.620811Z mysqld_safe A mysqld process already exists
[root@db-mysql mysql]#