Urllib 一、基础用法 import urllib.request response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com') print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) # 输出百度的网页内容 import urllib.parse import urllib.request data = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'word': 'hello'}), encoding='utf8') response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data) print(response.read()) # 添加文件内容 二、响应 1.响应类型 import urllib.request response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.python.org') print(response.status) print(response.getheaders()) print(response.getheader('Server')) 2.request import urllib.request request = urllib.request.Request('https://python.org') response = urllib.request.urlopen(request) print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) from urllib import request, parse url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)', 'Host': 'httpbin.org' } dict = { 'name': 'Germey' } data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict), encoding='utf8') req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers, method='POST') response = request.urlopen(req) print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) from urllib import request, parse url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' dict = { 'name': 'Germey' } data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict), encoding='utf8') req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, method='POST') req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)') response = request.urlopen(req) print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) # 添加文件头信息 三、Handler 1.代理 import urllib.request proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({ 'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:9743', 'https': 'https://127.0.0.1:9743' }) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler) response = opener.open('http://httpbin.org/get') print(response.read()) 2.cookies import http.cookiejar, urllib.request cookie = http.cookiejar.CookieJar() handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com') for item in cookie: print(item.name+"="+item.value) 存储cookie-->使用cookiejar 使用cookie-->build_opener不能直接用cookie(opener) 3.写入文件 import http.cookiejar, urllib.request filename = "cookie.txt" cookie = http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(filename) handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com') cookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True) 四、异常处理 from urllib import request, error try: response = request.urlopen('http://cuiqingcai.com/index.htm') except error.HTTPError as e: print( e.headers,e.code,e.reason, sep='\n') except error.URLError as e: print(e.reason) else: print('Request Successfully') # e.headers,e.code,e.reason, sep='\n' # 文件头信息、返回响应码、异常原因。以换行符分割 import socket import urllib.request import urllib.error try: response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=0.01) except urllib.error.URLError as e: print(type(e.reason)) if isinstance(e.reason, socket.timeout): print('TIME OUT') 五、URL解析 1.urlparse from urllib.parse import urlparse result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment', scheme='https') print(result) 2.urlunparse from urllib.parse import urlunparse data = ['http', 'www.baidu.com', 'index.html', 'user', 'a=6', 'comment'] print(urlunparse(data)) 3.urlencode from urllib.parse import urlencode params = { 'name': 'germey', 'age': 22 } base_url = 'http://www.baidu.com?' url = base_url + urlencode(params) print(url)
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转载自blog.csdn.net/m0_37438418/article/details/80684527
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