Python3的urllib.parse常用函数小结

1、获取url参数

from urllib import parse

url = 'https://docs.python.org/3.5/search.html?q=parse&check_keywords=yes&area=default'
parseResult = parse.urlparse(url)
print(parseResult)
# ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='docs.python.org', path='/3.5/search.html', params='', query='q=parse&check_keywords=yes&area=default', fragment='')
param_dict = parse.parse_qs(parseResult.query)
print(param_dict)
# {'q': ['parse'], 'check_keywords': ['yes'], 'area': ['default']}
q = param_dict['q'][0]
print(q)
'parse'
# # 注意：加号会被解码，可能有时并不是我们想要的
d = parse.parse_qs('proxy=183.222.102.178:8080&task=XXXXX|5-3+2')
print(d)

2、 urlencode

from urllib import parse
query = {"name": "walker", "age": 99}
d = parse.urlencode(query)
print(d)
# name=walker&age=99

3、quote/quote_plus

from urllib import parse
d = parse.quote('a&b/c')  #未编码斜线
print(d)
# a%26b/c
d1 = parse.quote_plus('a&b/c')  #编码了斜线
print(d1)
# a%26b%2Fc

4、unquote/unquote_plus

from urllib import parse

d = parse.unquote('1+2')  # 不解码加号
print(d)
# 1+2
d1 = parse.unquote_plus('1+2')  # 把加号解码为空格
print(d1)
# 1 2

5、获取url后面的参数为dict

from urllib import parse


def qs(url):
    query = parse.urlparse(url).query
    return dict([(k, v[0]) for k, v in parse.parse_qs(query).items()])


print(qs('http://url/api?param=2&param2=4'))
# {'param': '2', 'param2': '4'}

6、URL参数拼接

from urllib import parse


def url_add_params(url, **params):
    pr = parse.urlparse(url)
    query = dict(parse.parse_qsl(pr.query))
    query.update(params)
    pr_list = list(pr)
    pr_list[4] = parse.urlencode(query)
    return parse.ParseResult(*pr_list).geturl()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://bbs.163.com/viewthread.php'
    data = {"name": "hero", "111": "222"}
    print(url_add_params(url, **data))

# result : http://bbs.163.com/viewthread.php?111=222&name=hero

7、其他功能

urljoin

from urllib import parse

d = parse.urljoin('http://www.oschina.com/tieba', 'index.php')
print(d)
# http://www.oschina.com/index.php
d1 = parse.urljoin('http://www.oschina.com/tieba/', 'index.php')
print(d1)
# http://www.oschina.com/tieba/index.php

urlsplit

urlsplit和urlparse差不多,不过它不切分URL的参数。适用于遵循RFC2396的URL，每个路径段都支持参数。这样返回的元组就只有5个元素.

from urllib import parse

url = parse.urlsplit('http://www.baidu.com/index.php?username=guol')
print(url)
# SplitResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.baidu.com', path='/index.php', query='username=guol', fragment='')

urlunsplit

使用urlsplit的格式组合成一个url，传递的元素必须是5个，或者直接将分解的元组重新组合

from urllib import parse

d = parse.urlunsplit(("https", "i.cnblogs.com", "EditPosts.aspx", "a=a", "b=b"))
print(d)
# https://i.cnblogs.com/EditPosts.aspx?a=a#b=b

urlparse

urlparse（将url解析为组件，url必须以http://开头）

from urllib import parse

d = parse.urlparse("https://i.cnblogs.com/EditPosts.aspx?opt=1")
print(d)
# ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='i.cnblogs.com', path='/EditPosts.aspx', params='', query='opt=1', fragment='')

urlunparse

使用urlparse的格式组合成一个url，可以直接将urlparse的返回传递组合

from urllib import parse

data = parse.urlparse("https://i.cnblogs.com:80/EditPosts.aspx?opt=1")
print(parse.urlunparse(data))
# https://i.cnblogs.com:80/EditPosts.aspx?opt=1