Nuxt3 与 Vue3 的 Server api 全栈开发之路

Nuxt Server Api

阅读时长：15分钟

本文内容： 国内关于Nuxt3的资料太少了，而Nuxt3又发布了没有多久，导致资料太少。本文浓缩讲解了，对于一个前端开发，上手使用 Nuxt3，并一个人承担前后端开发的所有须知内容

• [Nuxt3 + Vue3 + Typescript + TaiwindCss 企业级模板]： 即将发布

环境要求:

• node :v16 +
• redis : v6 +

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
    
    

}

• Nuxt3.js 官方文档
• Tailwindcss 文档
• Antdesign Vue 文档

起步

1. 首先要把官方文档关于目录的解释看一遍: nuxt3 目录
2. 前端页面的开发，只需聚焦目录 pages，所有写法与传统Vue3一模一样.
3. 后端接口的开发，只需聚焦目录 server, 重点讲解服务端

目录

1. 目录 layout

一旦设置 Layout,那么文档结构被分为三部分： header，content，footer

例如：：layout/page.vue

<template>
  <div class="overflow-x-hidden">
    <LayoutPageNavbar class="h-[64px] max-h-[64px]" />
    <LayoutPageContent>
      <slot />
    </LayoutPageContent>
    <LayoutPageFooter class="h-[52px] md:h-[42px]" />
  </div>
</template>

2. 目录 composables

composables 通常放置全局方法，比如统一 api 接口。因为这个目录的方法会被自动导入

例如：composables/index.ts

import request from '@/utils/request'
/**
 * get请求示例
 * @param params
 * @returns
 */
export function httpGetResponse(params: any) {
    
    
  return request.get('/user-center/getUser', params)
}
/**
 * post请求示例
 * @param data
 * @returns
 */
export function httpPostResponse(data: any) {
    
    
  return request.post('/user-center/updateUser', data)
}

// 合成百度语音
export function getBaiduVoice(data: any): any {
    
    
  return request.post('/speech/baidu', data, {
    
     responseType: 'blob' })
}

3. 目录 plugins

这个目录放置插件

例如： plugins/antDesignVue.ts

// 1. 引入组件
import Antd from 'ant-design-vue';
// 2. 引入组件样式
import 'ant-design-vue/dist/antd.css';

export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxt) => {
    
    
  nuxt.vueApp.use(Antd);
})

例如： plugins/axios.ts

import axios from 'axios'
export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxtApp) => {
    
    
  return {
    
    
    provide: {
    
    
      axios,
    },
  }
})

4. 目录 stores

这个目录显然是存储数据的，使用的 pinia

例如： stores/use-example.ts

export interface ICounterState {
    
    
  count: number
}

export const useExample = definePiniaStore('example', {
    
    
  state: (): ICounterState => ({
    
    
    count: 0,
  }),
  actions: {
    
    
    increment() {
    
    
      this.count++
    },
    decrement() {
    
    
      this.count--
    },
    reset() {
    
    
      this.count = 0
    },
    increment2x() {
    
    
      this.count *= 2
    },
  },
})

---

目录 server 比较复杂，单独讲解

5. 目录 assets

这个目录用于存放静态文件

目录：server

• 服务端 Server Api 设置(H3)

• Nuxt3 的服务端使用 Nitro 构建，与 H3 z这个库紧密结合

# 安装
pnpm add h3

1. 设置Http状态

import {
    
     H3Event } from "h3"
export default defineEventHandler(async (event: H3Event) => {
    
    
  setResponseStatus(event, 204)
  return {
    
    
    data: '',
    code: 0,
    msg: 'success'
  }
}

2. 设置 Cookie

const AUTH_COOKIE_NAME = '__session'
const AUTH_COOKIE_MAX_AGE = 60 * 60 * 24 * 5 * 1_000

export default defineEventHandler(async (event: H3Event) => {
    
    

  const cookie = 'ffkeifpoeapoifm321654'

  setCookie(event, AUTH_COOKIE_NAME, cookie, {
    
    
    maxAge: AUTH_COOKIE_MAX_AGE,
    secure: true,
    httpOnly: true,
    path: '/',
    sameSite: 'lax',
  })

  return {
    
    
    data: '',
    code: 0,
    msg: 'success'
  }
}

3. 存储

interface Query {
    
    
  region?: 'zh-CN' | 'en-US' | 'ja-JP' | 'en-AU' | 'en-UK' | 'de-DE' | 'en-NZ' | 'en-CA'
}

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
    
    
  const {
    
     type = 'img', region = 'zh-CN' } = getQuery<Query>(event)

  if (type === 'img') {
    
    
    const cache = await useStorage('cache').getItem('bing-wallpaper')
    if (cache)
      return await sendRedirect(event, cache, 302)
  }

  // https://github.com/zkeq/Bing-Wallpaper-Action
  const data = await (await fetch(`https://raw.onmicrosoft.cn/Bing-Wallpaper-Action/main/data/${
      
      region}_all.json`)).json()

  if (type === 'img') {
    
    
    const url = `https://bing.com${
      
      data.data[0].url}`
    useStorage('cache').setItem('cache:bing-wallpaper', url, {
    
     ttl: getTodayRemainMillisecond() })

    return await sendRedirect(event, url, 302)

    // event.node.res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'image/png;charset=utf-8')
    // return Buffer.from(await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer())
  }
  else {
    
    
    event.context.cache = {
    
     ttl: TimeUnitMap.hour }
    return data
  }
})

4. 验证

import {
    
     z, useValidatedBody } from 'h3-zod'
export default defineEventHandler(async event => {
    
    
	const body = await useValidatedBody(
		event,
		z.object({
    
    
			userId: z.string(),
		})
	)
})

5. 返回Error

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
    
    
  try {
    
    
    const cookie = getCookie(event, 'refresh_token') as Token;
    await deleteRefreshToken(cookie);

    return {
    
    
      cookie,
    };
  } catch (error) {
    
    
    sendError(
      event,
      createError({
    
    
        statusCode: 400,
        statusMessage: 'username or password is invalid',
      })
    );
  }

  sendRefreshToken(event, '');

  return {
    
    
    message: 'Logout successful',
  };
});

6. 设置返回数据类型

1. 返回 audio 类型数据

服务端设置 header

// server/api/speech.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event: H3Event) => {
    
    
  try {
    
    
    // 获取音频数据
    const audioBlob = await fetch_to_audio()

    let size = 0;
    if (audioBlob instanceof Blob) {
    
    
      size = audioBlob.size
    }
    setResponseHeader(event, 'Accept-Ranges', 'bytes')
    setResponseHeader(event, 'Content-Type', 'audio/wav')
    setResponseHeader(event, 'Content-Length', size)

    return audioBlob;
  } catch (error) {
    
    
    sendError(
      event,
      createError({
    
    
        statusCode: 400,
        statusMessage: 'username or password is invalid',
      })
    );
  }
})

前端(客户端)设置数据返回类型为blob

<script lang="ts" setup>
const createAudio = async () => {
      
      

  const response: any = await axios({
      
      
    url: '/api/speech',
    method: "POST",
    data: {
      
      
      content: '123456',
    },
    responseType: "blob"
  })
  const {
      
       data: arrayBuffer } = response

  console.log('------收到服务端数据------', response)

  const box = document.querySelector("#audio-box") as HTMLElement
  const audioElement = document.createElement("audio"); //创建标签
  audioElement.autoplay = true
  audioElement.controls = true
  audioElement.src = URL.createObjectURL(arrayBuffer); // 指定链接
  box.appendChild(audioElement)
}
</script>
<template>
  <div>
    <figure id="audio-box">
      <figcaption>音频:</figcaption>
    </figure>
  </div>
</template>

2. 返回 image 图片类型数据

服务端设置 header

// server/api/image.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event: H3Event) => {
    
    
  try {
    
    
    // 获取图片
    const image = await fetch_to_image()

    let size = 0;
    if (audioBlob instanceof Blob) {
    
    
      size = audioBlob.size
    }
    setHeader(e, 'Content-Type', 'image/png')

    return image
  } catch (error) {
    
    
    sendError(
      event,
      createError({
    
    
        statusCode: 400,
        statusMessage: 'username or password is invalid',
      })
    );
  }
})

3. 返回 File 图片类型数据

以文件上传为例

前端页面： pages/login.vue

<script lang="ts" setup>

const $config = useRuntimeConfig()

const axios = useNuxtApp().$axios

const BaseUrl:string = "http://127.0.0.1:9000/api/v1/login"

const testServerApi = async () => {
      
      

  // 图片： File格式
  const imageFile = imageFiles.value as File
  // 音频：Blob格式
  const audioFileBlob = audioBlob.value as Blob

  //  音频Blob转file
  const newAudioFileBlob = new Blob([audioFileBlob], {
      
       type: 'audio/wav' })
  const audioFile = new File([newAudioFileBlob], new Date().getTime() + '.wav')

  if (!imageFile) {
      
      
    return
  }

  // 创建formData
  const formData = new FormData()
  formData.append('image', imageFile)
  formData.append('audio', audioFile)

  // 方式一：使用 useFetch() 推荐 (文末有完整封装)
  const res: any =  await useFetch($config.BaseUrl, formData)

  // 方式二：使用 axios
  // const response = await axios({
      
      
  //   method: 'POST',
  //   url: 'http://127.0.0.1:9000/api/v1/login',
  //   data: formData,
  //   headers,
  // })

  console.log(res)
}
</script>

<template>
	<div>
		<div @click="testServerApi">点击</div>
	</div>
</template>

服务端接口： server/api/user/login.ts

import {
    
     H3Event, MultiPartData } from 'h3'
import {
    
     FormData } from 'node-fetch-native'
import {
    
     AjaxResult } from '../../../types'

export default defineEventHandler(
  async (event: H3Event): Promise<AjaxResult> => {
    
    
  
    const response = await send_image_audio_to_remote(event)

    return {
    
    
      data: response,
      code: 0,
      msg: 'success',
    }
  }
)

const send_image_audio_to_remote = async (event: H3Event) => {
    
    
  // 重点！！！前端传输的文件使用此方法获取
  const form = await readMultipartFormData(event)

  try {
    
    

    if (form) {
    
    
      const imageMultiPartData: MultiPartData = form[0]
      const audioMultiPartData: MultiPartData = form[1]
      
	  // 服务端，也可以继续发起请求，比如百度云的语音服务
      const formData = new FormData()
      formData.append('image', new Blob([imageMultiPartData.data]))
      formData.append('audio', new Blob([audioMultiPartData.data]))
	 
      const responseData: any = await create_access_token()
      
      console.log('=========responseData==============')
      console.log(responseData)
      
      // 返回
      return true
    }

    return ''
  } catch (error) {
    
    
    sendError(
      event,
      createError({
    
    
        statusCode: 400,
        statusMessage: 'server is invalid',
      })
    )
  }
}

/**
 * 百度云语音服务
 */
const create_access_token = async () => {
    
    
  const {
    
     awesome } = useAppConfig()
  const client_id = awesome.baiduTTS.client_id
  const client_secret = awesome.baiduTTS.client_secret

  const url = `https://aip.baidubce.com/oauth/2.0/token?grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=${
      
      client_id}&client_secret=${
      
      client_secret}`

  const option = {
    
    
    grant_type: 'client_credentials',
    client_id,
    client_secret,
  }
  const headers = {
    
    
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    Accept: 'application/json',
  }
  const res: BaiduTTSAccessToken = await $fetch(url, {
    
    
    method: 'POST',
    headers,
    body: option,
  })

  if (res.error_code) {
    
    
    return res.error_code + ''
  }
  return res.access_token
}

export interface AjaxResult {
    
    
  data?: any
  code: number
  msg: string
}

SQL使用

1. postgres 数据库

import {
    
     createPool, sql } from '@vercel/postgres'

async function seed() {
    
    
  const createTable = await sql`
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
      id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
      name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
      email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
      image VARCHAR(255),
      "createdAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
    );
    `

  console.log(`Created "users" table`)

  const users = await Promise.all([
    sql`
          INSERT INTO users (name, email, image)
          VALUES ('Guillermo Rauch', '[email protected]', 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1576257734810312704/ucxb4lHy_400x400.jpg')
          ON CONFLICT (email) DO NOTHING;
      `,
    sql`
          INSERT INTO users (name, email, image)
          VALUES ('Lee Robinson', '[email protected]', 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1587647097670467584/adWRdqQ6_400x400.jpg')
          ON CONFLICT (email) DO NOTHING;
      `,
    sql`
          INSERT INTO users (name, email, image)
          VALUES ('Steven Tey', '[email protected]', 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1506792347840888834/dS-r50Je_400x400.jpg')
          ON CONFLICT (email) DO NOTHING;
      `,
  ])
  console.log(`Seeded ${
      
      users.length} users`)

  return {
    
    
    createTable,
    users,
  }
}
export default defineEventHandler(async () => {
    
    
  const startTime = Date.now()
  const db = createPool()
  try {
    
    
    const {
    
     rows: users } = await db.query('SELECT * FROM users')
    const duration = Date.now() - startTime
    return {
    
    
      users: users,
      duration: duration,
    }
  } catch (error) {
    
    
    // @ts-ignore
    if (error?.message === `relation "users" does not exist`) {
    
    
      console.log(
        'Table does not exist, creating and seeding it with dummy data now...'
      )
      // Table is not created yet
      await seed()
      const {
    
     rows: users } = await db.query('SELECT * FROM users')
      const duration = Date.now() - startTime
      return {
    
    
        users: users,
        duration: duration,
      }
    } else {
    
    
      throw error
    }
  }
})

2. mysql2

安装 Antdesign Vue两种方式

方式一，模块方式

# Using pnpm
pnpm add -D @ant-design-vue/nuxt

nuxt.config.ts

export default defineNuxtConfig({
    
    
  modules: [
    '@ant-design-vue/nuxt'
  ],
  antd:{
    
    
    // Options
  }
})

使用

<script lang="ts" setup>
const handleMessage = () => {
      
      
  message.info("This is a normal message");
}
</script>
<template>
  <a-button @click="handleMessage">
    button
  </a-button>
</template>

方式二，插件方式

# Using pnpm
pnpm add -D ant-design-vue

在plugins文件中新建 awesome.ts

// 1. 引入组件
import Antd from 'ant-design-vue';
// 2. 引入组件样式
import 'ant-design-vue/dist/antd.css';

export default defineNuxtPlugin((nuxt) => {
    
    
  nuxt.vueApp.use(Antd);
})

使用

<script lang="ts" setup>
const handleMessage = () => {
      
      
  message.info("This is a normal message");
}
</script>
<template>
  <a-button @click="handleMessage">
    button
  </a-button>
</template>

Server Storage 服务端存储

Nuxt的服务端通常只作为转发/代理层，因此数据存储通常也使用轻量的 Redis 存储

1. 操作系统安装Redis
2. Redis集成有两种方式

方式一：通过手写代码集成

server/plugins/storage.ts

import redisDriver from 'unstorage/drivers/redis'
export default defineNitroPlugin(() => {
    
    
  const storage = useStorage()
  // Dynamically pass in credentials from runtime configuration, or other sources
  const driver = redisDriver({
    
    
    base: 'redis',
    host: useRuntimeConfig().redis.host,
    port: useRuntimeConfig().redis.port,
    /* other redis connector options */
  })
  // Mount driver
  storage.mount('redis', driver)
})

nuxt.config.ts

export default defineNuxtConfig({
    
    
  runtimeConfig: {
    
    
    redis: {
    
     // Default values
      host: '',
      port: 0,
      /* other redis connector options */
    }
  }
})

方式二：通过nuxt.内置的nitro服务,nitro.storage

nuxt.config.ts

export default defineNuxtConfig({
    
    
  nitro: {
    
    
    storage: {
    
    
      'redis': {
    
    
        driver: 'redis',
        /* redis connector options */
        port: 6379, // Redis port
        host: "127.0.0.1", // Redis host
        username: "", // needs Redis >= 6
        password: "",
        db: 0, // Defaults to 0
        tls: {
    
    } // tls/ssl
      }
    }
  }
})

其他

• 谷歌&github 登录

import {
    
     NuxtAuthHandler } from "#auth";
import GithubProvider from "next-auth/providers/github";
import GoogleProvider from "next-auth/providers/google";

const nuxtAuthHandler = NuxtAuthHandler({
    
    
  secret: useRuntimeConfig().authSecret,
  providers: [
    // @ts-ignore
    GithubProvider.default({
    
    
      clientId: useRuntimeConfig().githubClientId,
      clientSecret: useRuntimeConfig().githubClientSecret,
      httpOptions: {
    
    
        timeout: 10000,
      },
    }),
    // @ts-ignore
    GoogleProvider.default({
    
    
      clientId: useRuntimeConfig().googleClientId,
      clientSecret: useRuntimeConfig().googleClientSecret,
    }),
  ],
});
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
    
    
  const result = await nuxtAuthHandler(event);
  const headerCookies = event.node.res.getHeader("set-cookie");
  if (headerCookies && typeof headerCookies === "string") {
    
    
    const sessionToken = headerCookies
      .split(/,(?!\s)/)
      .find((v) => v.includes("session-token"));
    if (sessionToken) {
    
    
      event.node.res.removeHeader("set-cookie");
      event.node.res.setHeader("set-cookie", sessionToken);
    }
  }
  return result;
});

服务端请求封装$useFetch

import {
    
     UseFetchOptions } from 'nuxt/app'
import {
    
     AjaxResult, Methods } from '../types'

/*
 * @Date: 2023-08-18 00:16:29
 * @LastEditors: ifredom [email protected]
 * @LastEditTime: 2023-08-29 13:46:46
 * @FilePath: \first-nuxt\utils\request.ts
 */

class HttpService {
    
    
  request<T = any>(
    url: string,
    method: Methods,
    data: any,
    options?: UseFetchOptions<T>
  ) {
    
    
    const $config = useRuntimeConfig()
    const requestUrl =
      url.includes('https') || url.includes('http')
        ? url
        : $config.app.BASE_URL + url

    const newOptions: UseFetchOptions<T> = {
    
    
      baseURL: requestUrl,
      method,
      ...options,
    }

    if (method === 'GET' || method === 'DELETE') {
    
    
      newOptions.params = data
    }

    if (method === 'POST' || method === 'PUT') {
    
    
      newOptions.body = data
    }

    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    
    
      useFetch(requestUrl, newOptions)
        .then((response) => {
    
    
          const {
    
     data, error } = response
          if (error && error.value) {
    
    
            console.log('toast 网络错误')
            reject(error.value)
            return
          }

          if (newOptions.responseType === 'blob') {
    
    
            resolve(response.data.value)
            return
          }

          const res = data.value as AjaxResult

          if (res && res.code === 0) {
    
    
            resolve(res.data)
          } else if (res && res.msg) {
    
    
            if (res.code === 40000) {
    
    
              // 会话过期跳登录
              setTimeout(() => {
    
    
                navigateTo('/login')
              }, 1000)
              return
            }
            reject(res.data)
          }

          resolve(res)
        })
        .catch((error) => {
    
    
          reject(error)
        })
    })
  }

  get<T = any>(url: string, params?: any, options?: UseFetchOptions<T>) {
    
    
    return this.request(url, 'GET', params, options)
  }

  post<T = any>(url: string, data?: any, options?: UseFetchOptions<T>) {
    
    
    return this.request(url, 'POST', data, options)
  }

  put<T = any>(url: string, data: any, options?: UseFetchOptions<T>) {
    
    
    return this.request(url, 'PUT', data, options)
  }

  delete<T = any>(url: string, params: any, options?: UseFetchOptions<T>) {
    
    
    return this.request(url, 'DELETE', params, options)
  }
}
const httpRequest = new HttpService()

export default httpRequest

types.ts类型文件

export type Methods = "GET" | "POST" | "DELETE" | "PUT";

export interface AjaxResult {
    
    
  data?: any
  code: number
  msg: string
}

使用示例：

/**
 * get请求示例
 * @param params
 * @returns
 */
export function httpGetResponse(params: any) {
    
    
  return request.get('/user-center/getUser', params)
}
/**
 * post请求示例
 * @param data
 * @returns
 */
export function httpPostResponse(data: any) {
    
    
  return request.post('/user-center/updateUser', data)
}
/**
 * post请求: 携带请求头
 * @param data
 * @returns
 */
export function httpPostWithHeader(data: any): any {
    
    
  return request.post('/user-center/update_Avator', data, {
    
     responseType: 'blob' })
}

参考文档

参考 API

1. H3 API document
2. H3 github
3. H3 1.8 API latest intro

参考例子

1. 例子
2. About基于Nuxt3 + Vite3 + Vue3 + UnoCSS搭建的API接口服务网站
3. 参考项目
4. audio返回数据
5. Base64 、Blob、File之间的相互转换
6. NUXT3 server/api params cause 500 error on production)
7. How to create an AudioBuffer from a Blob
8. How to return image with server api
9. How to return audio data with server api

---

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