SpringBoot整合FFmpeg进行视频分片上传（Linux）
上传的核心思路：
1.将文件按一定的分割规则（静态或动态设定，如手动设置20M为一个分片），用slice分割成多个数据块。
2.为每个文件生成一个唯一标识Key，用于多数据块上传时区分所属文件。
3.所有分片上传完成，服务端校验合并标识为Key的所有分片为一个最终文件。
分片上传到意义：
将文件分片上传，在网络环境不佳时，可以对文件上传失败的部分重新上传，避免了每次上传都需要从文件起始位置上传的问题。
分片的附带好处还能很方便的实现进度条。
分片上传的原理：
使用ffmpeg，把视频文件切片成m3u8，并且通过springboot，可以实现在线的点播。
客户端上传视频到服务器，服务器对视频进行切片后，返回m3u8，封面等访问路径。可以在线的播放。
准备工作：
需要先在linux下安装FFmpeg，并配置环境变量
一：下载、解压
使用命令下载：
wget https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/release-source/ffmpeg-4.1.tar.xz
#使用命令解压：
cd /root/FFmpeg
tar -xvJf ffmpeg-4.1.tar.xz
# 编辑准备
cd /root/FFmpeg/ffmpeg-4.1 # 切换到ffmpeg-4.1目录
yum install gcc # 安装gcc编译器
yasm安装包
cd /root/FFmpeg
wget http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz #下载源码包
tar zxvf yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz #解压
cd yasm-1.3.0 #进入目录
./configure #配置
make && make install #编译安装
安装FFmpeg
cd /root/FFmpeg/ffmpeg-4.1/
./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr/local/ffmpeg-4.1
make && make install #编译安装
下载x264
cd /root/libx264/
yum -y install git
git clone https://git.videolan.org/git/x264.git
安装nasm
tar -xvf nasm-2.14.02.tar.gz
cd nasm-2.14.02
./configure
make
sudo make install
#查看是否安装成功
nasm -version
安装x264
cd /root/FFmpeg/libx264/x264
./configure --prefix=/usr/softinstall/x264/ --includedir=/usr/local/include --libdir=/usr/local/lib --enable-shared
make
sudo make install
安装FFmpeg
#配置 /etc/ld.so.conf
vim /etc/ld.so.conf #通过vim指令进入位于etc目录中的ld.so.conf
#输入i进入插入模式，将第二行的内容插入到该文件
include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/local/ffmpeg-4.1/lib
ldconfig #ldconfig 是一个动态链接库管理命令，其目的为了让动态链接库为系统所共享。
make
sudo make install
# ffmpeg -i /root/FFmpeg/wukel.mp4 -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -hls_key_info_file /root/FFmpeg/video_folder/20220308/test1/ -hls_time 15 -hls_playlist_type vod -hls_segment_filename %06d.ts index.m3u8
ldd ffmpeg
cd /root/FFmpeg/ffmpeg-4.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/softinstall/ffmpeg --enable-gpl --enable-shared --enable-libx264
# 配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
#配置如下
export FFMPEG_HOME=/usr/local/ffmpeg-4.1
export PATH=$FFMPEG_HOME/bin:$PATH
#修改完使用命令退出
~:wq
source /etc/profile
# 测试
ffmpeg -version
~~~~~~~~成功~~~~~~~~~
代码展示：
pom文件
pom.xml
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.4</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<javacv.version>1.5.4</javacv.version>
<ffmpeg.version>4.3.1-1.5.4</ffmpeg.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--web 模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<!--排除tomcat依赖 -->
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--undertow容器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- javacv 和 ffmpeg的依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
<artifactId>javacv</artifactId>
<version>${
javacv.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
<artifactId>*</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
<artifactId>ffmpeg-platform</artifactId>
<version>${
ffmpeg.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.6.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${
project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<executable>true</executable>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
yml配置
application.yml
server:
port: 8086
app:
# 存储转码视频的文件夹
video-folder: /root/FFmpeg/video_folder
spring:
servlet:
multipart:
enabled: true
# 不限制文件大小
max-file-size: -1
# 不限制请求体大小
max-request-size: -1
# 临时IO目录
location: "${java.io.tmpdir}"
# 不延迟解析
resolve-lazily: false
# 超过1Mb，就IO到临时目录
file-size-threshold: 1MB
web:
resources:
static-locations:
- "classpath:/static/"
- "file:${app.video-folder}" # 把视频文件夹目录，添加到静态资源目录列表
工具类
MediaInfo
import java.util.List;
import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
public class MediaInfo {
public static class Format {
@SerializedName("bit_rate")
private String bitRate;
public String getBitRate() {
return bitRate;
}
public void setBitRate(String bitRate) {
this.bitRate = bitRate;
}
}
public static class Stream {
@SerializedName("index")
private int index;
@SerializedName("codec_name")
private String codecName;
@SerializedName("codec_long_name")
private String codecLongame;
@SerializedName("profile")
private String profile;
}
@SerializedName("streams")
private List<Stream> streams;
@SerializedName("format")
private Format format;
public List<Stream> getStreams() {
return streams;
}
public void setStreams(List<Stream> streams) {
this.streams = streams;
}
public Format getFormat() {
return format;
}
public void setFormat(Format format) {
this.format = format;
}
}
TranscodeConfig
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class TranscodeConfig {
private String poster = "00:00:00.001"; // 截取封面的时间 HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
private String tsSeconds = "15"; // ts分片大小，单位是秒
private String cutStart; // 视频裁剪，开始时间 HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
private String cutEnd; // 视频裁剪，结束时间 HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
public String getPoster() {
return poster;
}
public void setPoster(String poster) {
this.poster = poster;
}
public String getTsSeconds() {
return tsSeconds;
}
public void setTsSeconds(String tsSeconds) {
this.tsSeconds = tsSeconds;
}
public String getCutStart() {
return cutStart;
}
public void setCutStart(String cutStart) {
this.cutStart = cutStart;
}
public String getCutEnd() {
return cutEnd;
}
public void setCutEnd(String cutEnd) {
this.cutEnd = cutEnd;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "TranscodeConfig [poster=" + poster + ", tsSeconds=" + tsSeconds + ", cutStart=" + cutStart + ", cutEnd="
+ cutEnd + "]";
}
}
FFmpegUtils
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.*;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestPart;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
public class FFmpegUtils {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FFmpegUtils.class);
// 跨平台换行符
private static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator");
/**
* 生成随机16个字节的AESKEY
* @return
*/
private static byte[] genAesKey () {
try {
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGenerator.init(128);
return keyGenerator.generateKey().getEncoded();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
return null;
}
}
/**
* 在指定的目录下生成key_info, key文件，返回key_info文件
* @param folder
* @throws IOException
*/
private static Path genKeyInfo(String folder) throws IOException {
// AES 密钥
byte[] aesKey = genAesKey();
// AES 向量
String iv = Hex.encodeHexString(genAesKey());
// key 文件写入
Path keyFile = Paths.get(folder, "key");
Files.write(keyFile, aesKey, StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
// key_info 文件写入
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("key").append(LINE_SEPARATOR); // m3u8加载key文件网络路径
stringBuilder.append(keyFile.toString()).append(LINE_SEPARATOR); // FFmeg加载key_info文件路径
stringBuilder.append(iv); // ASE 向量
Path keyInfo = Paths.get(folder, "key_info");
Files.write(keyInfo, stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
return keyInfo;
}
/**
* 指定的目录下生成 master index.m3u8 文件
* @param file master m3u8文件地址
* @param indexPath 访问子index.m3u8的路径
* @param bandWidth 流码率
* @throws IOException
*/
private static void genIndex(String file, String indexPath, String bandWidth) throws IOException {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("#EXTM3U").append(LINE_SEPARATOR);
stringBuilder.append("#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=" + bandWidth).append(LINE_SEPARATOR); // 码率
stringBuilder.append(indexPath);
Files.write(Paths.get(file), stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
}
/**
* 转码视频为m3u8
* @param source 源视频
* @param destFolder 目标文件夹
* @param config 配置信息
* @throws IOException
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void transcodeToM3u8(String source, String destFolder, TranscodeConfig config) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 判断源视频是否存在
if (!Files.exists(Paths.get(source))) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("文件不存在：" + source);
}
// 创建工作目录
Path workDir = Paths.get(destFolder, "ts");
Files.createDirectories(workDir);
// 在工作目录生成KeyInfo文件
Path keyInfo = genKeyInfo(workDir.toString());
// 构建命令
List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
commands.add("ffmpeg");
commands.add("-i") ;commands.add(source); // 源文件
commands.add("-c:v") ;commands.add("libx264"); // 视频编码为H264
commands.add("-c:a") ;commands.add("copy"); // 音频直接copy
commands.add("-hls_key_info_file") ;commands.add(keyInfo.toString()); // 指定密钥文件路径
commands.add("-hls_time") ;commands.add(config.getTsSeconds()); // ts切片大小
commands.add("-hls_playlist_type") ;commands.add("vod"); // 点播模式
commands.add("-hls_segment_filename") ;commands.add("%06d.ts"); // ts切片文件名称
if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutStart())) {
commands.add("-ss") ;commands.add(config.getCutStart()); // 开始时间
}
if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutEnd())) {
commands.add("-to") ;commands.add(config.getCutEnd()); // 结束时间
}
commands.add("index.m3u8"); // 生成m3u8文件
// 构建进程
Process process = new ProcessBuilder()
.command(commands)
.directory(workDir.toFile())
.start()
;
// 读取进程标准输出
new Thread(() -> {
try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
String line = null;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
LOGGER.info(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}).start();
// 读取进程异常输出
new Thread(() -> {
try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {
String line = null;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
LOGGER.info(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}).start();
// 阻塞直到任务结束
if (process.waitFor() != 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("视频切片异常");
}
// 切出封面
if (!screenShots(source, String.join(File.separator, destFolder, "poster.jpg"), config.getPoster())) {
throw new RuntimeException("封面截取异常");
}
// 获取视频信息
final MediaInfo[] mediaInfo = {
getMediaInfo(source)};
if (mediaInfo[0] == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("获取媒体信息异常");
}
// 生成index.m3u8文件
genIndex(String.join(File.separator, destFolder, "index.m3u8"), "ts/index.m3u8", mediaInfo[0].getFormat().getBitRate());
// 删除keyInfo文件
Files.delete(keyInfo);
}
/**
* 获取视频文件的媒体信息
* @param source
* @return
* @throws IOException
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static MediaInfo getMediaInfo(String source) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
commands.add("ffprobe");
commands.add("-i") ;commands.add(source);
commands.add("-show_format");
commands.add("-show_streams");
commands.add("-print_format") ;commands.add("json");
Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands)
.start();
MediaInfo mediaInfo = null;
try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
mediaInfo = new Gson().fromJson(bufferedReader, MediaInfo.class);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (process.waitFor() != 0) {
return null;
}
return mediaInfo;
}
/**
* 截取视频的指定时间帧，生成图片文件
* @param source 源文件
* @param file 图片文件
* @param time 截图时间 HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
* @throws IOException
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static boolean screenShots(String source, String file, String time) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
commands.add("ffmpeg");
commands.add("-i") ;commands.add(source);
commands.add("-ss") ;commands.add(time);
commands.add("-y");
commands.add("-q:v") ;commands.add("1");
commands.add("-frames:v") ;commands.add("1");
commands.add("-f"); ;commands.add("image2");
commands.add(file);
Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands)
.start();
// 读取进程标准输出
new Thread(() -> {
try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
String line = null;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
LOGGER.info(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}).start();
// 读取进程异常输出
new Thread(() -> {
try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {
String line = null;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
LOGGER.error(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}).start();
return process.waitFor() == 0;
}
}
controller调用
UploadController
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import com.demo.ffmpeg.FFmpegUtils;
import com.demo.ffmpeg.TranscodeConfig;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/uploadController")
public class UploadController {
@Value("${app.video-folder}")
private String videoFolder;
private Path tempDir = Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
/**
* 上传视频进行切片处理，返回访问路径
* @param video
* @param transcodeConfig
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
@PostMapping("/upload")
@CrossOrigin
public Object upload (@RequestPart(name = "file", required = true) MultipartFile video,
@RequestPart(name = "config", required = true) TranscodeConfig transcodeConfig) throws IOException {
/** 参数传UUID去数据库查询需要转换的视频地址 进行入参
public ResponseData upload (@RequestParam("uuid") String uuid) throws Exception {
TranscodeConfig transcodeConfig = new TranscodeConfig();
FastDfsFile fastDfsFile = sectionService.getSectionByUUID(uuid);
if(fastDfsFile.getFastDfsFileUrl() == null){
LOGGER.info("请上传视频！！");
return ResponseData.warnWithMsg("请选择要上传的视频！");
}
MultipartFile video = UrlToMultipartFile.urlToMultipartFile(fastDfsFile.getFastDfsFileUrl());
*/
LOGGER.info("文件信息：title={}, size={}", video.getOriginalFilename(), video.getSize());
LOGGER.info("转码配置：{}", transcodeConfig);
// 原始文件名称，也就是视频的标题
String title = video.getOriginalFilename();
// io到临时文件
Path tempFile = tempDir.resolve(title);
LOGGER.info("io到临时文件：{}", tempFile.toString());
try {
video.transferTo(tempFile);
// 删除后缀
title = title.substring(0, title.lastIndexOf(".")) + "-" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
// 按照日期生成子目录
String today = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd").format(LocalDate.now());
// 尝试创建视频目录
Path targetFolder = Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(videoFolder, today, title));
LOGGER.info("创建文件夹目录：{}", targetFolder);
Files.createDirectories(targetFolder);
// 执行转码操作
LOGGER.info("开始转码");
try {
transcodeToM3u8(tempFile.toString(), targetFolder.toString(), transcodeConfig);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("转码异常：{}", e.getMessage());
Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
result.put("success", false);
result.put("message", e.getMessage());
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(result);
}
// 封装结果
Map<String, Object> videoInfo = new HashMap<>();
videoInfo.put("title", title);
videoInfo.put("m3u8", String.join("/", "", today, title, "index.m3u8"));
videoInfo.put("poster", String.join("/", "", today, title, "poster.jpg"));
//返回数据
Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
result.put("success", true);
result.put("data", videoInfo);
return result;
} finally {
// 始终删除临时文件
Files.delete(tempFile);
}
}
}
Url转换MultipartFile的工具类
如controller中参数传的是URL 使用以下工具类转换一下即可
UrlToMultipartFile
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlToMultipartFile {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UrlToMultipartFile.class);
/**
* inputStream 转 File
*/
public static File inputStreamToFile(InputStream ins, String name) throws Exception{
//System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")临时目录+File.separator目录中间的间隔符+文件名
File file = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + File.separator + name);
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
int bytesRead;
int len = 8192;
byte[] buffer = new byte[len];
while ((bytesRead = ins.read(buffer, 0, len)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
os.close();
ins.close();
return file;
}
/**
* file转multipartFile
*/
public static MultipartFile fileToMultipartFile(File file) {
FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(16, null);
FileItem item=factory.createItem(file.getName(),"text/plain",true,file.getName());
int bytesRead = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
OutputStream os = item.getOutputStream();
while ((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer, 0, 8192)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
os.close();
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return new CommonsMultipartFile(item);
}
//url转MultipartFile
public static MultipartFile urlToMultipartFile(String url) throws Exception {
File file = null;
MultipartFile multipartFile = null;
try {
HttpURLConnection httpUrl = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
httpUrl.connect();
file = UrlToMultipartFile.inputStreamToFile(httpUrl.getInputStream(),RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(8)+".mp4");
LOGGER.info("---------"+file+"-------------");
multipartFile = UrlToMultipartFile.fileToMultipartFile(file);
httpUrl.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return multipartFile;
}
}