Scrapy实战篇（八）之简书用户信息全站抓取

相对于知乎而言，简书的用户信息并没有那么详细，知乎提供了包括学习，工作等在内的一系列用户信息接口，但是简书就没有那么慷慨了。但是即便如此，我们也试图抓取一些基本信息，进行简单地细分析，至少可以看一下，哪些人哪一类文章最受用户欢迎，也可以给其他人一些参考不是。

我们整体的思路是这样的：
从某一个大V开始，抓取它的相关信息，并且提取出它的全部的关注者url，对于每一个url进行请求，提取关注者的个人信息和他的关注者url，再次请求，如此进行下去，无穷无尽。

在网页分析的时候，发现关注者的信息是Ajax加载出来，打开关注者列表，鼠标下滑，会一直加载新的关注者，直到加载出全部，本来以为这会有一点麻烦，但是在url后面加一个page参数，会发现一切都解决了，默认情况下，每一页的用户信息是九条，但是怎么获得页码呢，很简单，只要获取总的关注者然后除以9就解决了，针对每一页进行请求，就可以拿到全部的关注者了。

因此事情就变得非常的简单，直接上代码吧。

items.py

from scrapy import Item, Field


class JianshuItem(Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    id = Field()
    name = Field()
    followings = Field()
    followers = Field()
    words = Field()
    likes = Field()
    articles = Field()

spider.py

from scrapy import Spider, Request
from jianshu.items import JianshuItem
from lxml import etree
import re

class JianshuSpider(Spider):

    name = 'jianshu'
    init_following_url = 'http://www.jianshu.com/users/3aa040bf0610/following'

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(url = self.init_following_url, callback = self.parse_following)

    def parse_following(self, response):
        '''
        作用：
        1.提取用户数据
        2.提取关注者的页码数
        '''
        selector = etree.HTML(response.text)
        # 下面是解析用户信息，用户信息全部在第一页进行解析
        item = JianshuItem()
        id = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="title"]/a/@href')[0]
        item['id'] = re.search('/u/(.*)', id).group(1)
        item['name'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="title"]/a/text()')[0]
        item['followings'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="info"]/ul/li[1]//p/text()')[0]
        item['followers'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="info"]/ul/li[2]//p/text()')[0]
        item['articles'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="info"]/ul/li[3]//p/text()')[0]
        item['words'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="info"]/ul/li[4]//p/text()')[0]
        item['likes'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="info"]/ul/li[5]//p/text()')[0]
        yield item

        # 下面是获取关注者页码数，每一页进行请求
        page_all = selector.xpath('//div[@class="main-top"]/div[@class="info"]/ul/li[1]//p/text()')[0]
        page_all = int(page_all)
        if page_all % 9 == 0:
            page_num = int(page_all / 9)
        else:
            page_num = int(page_all / 9) + 1
        for i in range(1, page_num):
            url = response.url + '?page={}'.format(str(i+1))
            yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_info)

    def parse_info(self, response):
        '''
        对页面信息进行解析，同时跟进链接
        :param response:
        :return:
        '''
        # 获取它的关注者列表，再次发起请求
        selector = etree.HTML(response.text)
        id_list = selector.xpath('//div[@class="info"]/a/@href')
        for id in id_list:
            id = re.search('/u/(.*)', id).group(1)
            url = 'http://www.jianshu.com/users/{}/following'.format(id)
            yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_following)

middlewares.py

from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
import random


class MyUserAgentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
    def __init__(self, user_agent):
        self.user_agent = user_agent

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(
            user_agent = crawler.settings.get('USER_AGENT')
        )

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        random_useragent = random.choice(self.user_agent)
        request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", random_useragent)

pipelines.py

import pymongo

class JianshuPipeline(object):
    collection_name = 'user'

    def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db):
        self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri
        self.mongo_db = mongo_db

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(
            mongo_uri = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URI'),
            mongo_db = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DB')
        )

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri)
        self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]

    def close_spiser(self, spider):
        self.client.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.db[self.collection_name].update({'id': item['id']}, dict(item), True) 
        # id相同，只更新，不插入，去重作用。
        return 'ok!'

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for jianshu project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'jianshu'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['jianshu.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'jianshu.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'jianshu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.25
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'en',

}

USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",
]


MONGO_URI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'
MONGO_DB = 'jianshu'



DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
    'zhihuuser.middlewares.MyUserAgentMiddleware': 400,
}

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'jianshu.pipelines.JianshuPipeline': 300,
}

下面直接运行就好了。

你也可以直接在github下载以上代码运行。