老司机学习MyBatis之如何使用collection解决一对多关联查询

一、前言

上一章节《老司机学习MyBatis之如何使用association解决一对一关联查询》,我们介绍了MyBatis使用association通过嵌套查询和分段查询两种方式在查询User表的时候关联查询出Role表的信息,我们发现association针对的是一对一的这种关联,那么如果是一对多的关系呢?比如:查询部门信息时,查询出部门下面的所有员工信息呢?这个时候我们使用association是不能实现我们的要求,这时候我们要使用另外一个属性collection来实现这个要求。我们使用collection时候也跟前面使用association时一样,包括嵌套查询和分段查询两种方式,下面我们通过代码案例来说明这两种方式是如何配置的。

二、案例

完整的工程目录如下:


在MySQL数据库新建两张数据库表t_emp和t_dept,并插入若干条数据

CREATE TABLE t_emp (
  id int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  emp_name varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  dept_id int(10),
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO t_emp(emp_name,dept_id) VALUES ('queen', 1);
INSERT INTO t_emp(emp_name,dept_id) VALUES ('king', 1);
INSERT INTO t_emp(emp_name,dept_id) VALUES ('tom', 2);
INSERT INTO t_emp(emp_name,dept_id) VALUES ('james', 3);
INSERT INTO t_emp(emp_name,dept_id) VALUES ('paul', 3);
=========================================================
CREATE TABLE t_dept (
  id int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  dept_name varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO t_dept(dept_name) VALUES ('开发部');
INSERT INTO t_dept(dept_name) VALUES ('市场部');
INSERT INTO t_dept(dept_name) VALUES ('行政部');

Emp实体类

public class Emp {
	// ID,唯一性
	private int id;
	// 用户名
	private String empName;
	// 部门ID
	private int deptId;

	public Emp() {

	}

	public Emp(int id, String empName, int deptId) {
		this.id = id;
		this.empName = empName;
		this.deptId = deptId;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getEmpName() {
		return empName;
	}

	public void setEmpName(String empName) {
		this.empName = empName;
	}

	public int getDeptId() {
		return deptId;
	}

	public void setDeptId(int deptId) {
		this.deptId = deptId;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Emp [id=" + id + ", empName=" + empName + ", deptId="
				+ deptId + "]";
	}

}

Dept实体类

public class Dept {
	private int id;
	private String deptName;
	private List<Emp> empList;

	public Dept() {

	}

	public Dept(int id, String deptName, List<Emp> empList) {
		this.id = id;
		this.deptName = deptName;
		this.empList = empList;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getDeptName() {
		return deptName;
	}

	public void setDeptName(String deptName) {
		this.deptName = deptName;
	}

	public List<Emp> getEmpList() {
		return empList;
	}

	public void setEmpList(List<Emp> empList) {
		this.empList = empList;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Dept [id=" + id + ", deptName=" + deptName + "]";
	}

}
配置文件log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1  
log4j.logger.com.queen = DEBUG  
log4j.logger.org.mybatis = DEBUG  
  
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender  
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%t] [%c]-[%p] %m%n  

配置文件db.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis  
jdbc.username=root  
jdbc.password=root 
配置文件mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>  
<!DOCTYPE configuration  
 PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"  
 "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">  
<configuration>  
    <properties resource="db.properties"></properties>  
    <environments default="development">  
        <environment id="development">  
            <transactionManager type="JDBC" />  
            <dataSource type="POOLED">  
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />  
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis" />  
                <property name="username" value="root" />  
                <property name="password" value="root" />  
            </dataSource>  
        </environment>  
    </environments>  
    <mappers>  
        <mapper resource="DeptMapper.xml" />  
    </mappers>  
</configuration>  

新建接口类DeptMapper.java,增加接口方法getDeptById

public interface DeptMapper {
	/**
	 * 根据ID查询Dept信息,返回一条记录Dept
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public Dept getDeptById(int id);
	
}

首先我们来看一下嵌套查询,DeptMapper.xml配置文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
 PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
 "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.queen.mybatis.mapper.DeptMapper">
	<resultMap type="com.queen.mybatis.bean.Dept" id="deptMap">
		<id column="mid" property="id"/>
		<result column="deptName" property="deptName"/>
		<!-- collection定义集合类型的属性封装规则
			 ofType:指定集合里面的元素类型
		 -->
		<collection property="empList" ofType="com.queen.mybatis.bean.Emp">
			<!-- 定义这个集合中元素的封装规则 -->
			<id column="nid" property="id"/>
			<result column="empName" property="empName"/>
			<result column="deptId" property="deptId"/>
		</collection>
	</resultMap>

	<select id="getDeptById" resultMap="deptMap">
		SELECT m.id mid, m.dept_name deptName,n.id nid,
		n.emp_name empName,n.dept_id deptId
		FROM t_dept m
		LEFT JOIN t_emp n ON m.id = n.dept_id
		WHERE
		m.id = #{id}
	</select>
</mapper>

新增测试类MyBatisTest,添加测试方法testGetDeptByCollection

@Test
public void testGetDeptByCollection() throws IOException {
	SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
	SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
	try {
		DeptMapper mapper = openSession.getMapper(DeptMapper.class);
		Dept dept = mapper.getDeptById(1);
		System.out.println(dept);
		System.out.println(dept.getEmpList());
	} finally {
		openSession.close();
	}
 
}

控制台打印结果如下

2017-08-10 22:20:32,961 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.DeptMapper.getDeptById]-[DEBUG] ==>  Preparing: SELECT m.id mid, m.dept_name deptName,n.id nid, n.emp_name empName,n.dept_id deptId FROM t_dept m LEFT JOIN t_emp n ON m.id = n.dept_id WHERE m.id = ? 
2017-08-10 22:20:33,019 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.DeptMapper.getDeptById]-[DEBUG] ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
2017-08-10 22:20:33,070 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.DeptMapper.getDeptById]-[DEBUG] <==      Total: 2
Dept [id=1, deptName=开发部]
[Emp [id=1, empName=queen, deptId=1], Emp [id=2, empName=king, deptId=1]]

这样我们可以通过collection实现一对多这种情况的数据封装

接下来我们介绍第二种:使用collection进行分步查询,跟上个章节使用assocication一样,即我们查完Dept表数据后,我们在根据查到的Dept的ID查询Emp表数据。分段分多条SQL执行。

新建一个接口类EmpMapper,新增接口方法getEmpListByDeptId

public interface EmpMapper {
	
	/**
	 * 根据部门ID查询该部门下的所有员工信息
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Emp> getEmpListByDeptId(int deptId);
}

新建一个EmpMapper.xml文件,配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
 PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
 "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.queen.mybatis.mapper.EmpMapper">
	<select id="getEmpListByDeptId" resultType="com.queen.mybatis.bean.Emp">
		select id,emp_name empName,dept_id deptId from t_emp where dept_id=#{deptId}
	</select>
</mapper>

修改DeptMapper文件,新增一个方法getDeptByIdStep

/**
* 根据ID查询Dept信息,返回一条记录Dept,分步查询
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Dept getDeptByIdStep(int id);

修改DeptMapper.xml文件,增加如下配置

<!-- 以下使用collection的分步查询 -->
<resultMap type="com.queen.mybatis.bean.Dept" id="deptMapStep">
	<id column="id" property="id"/>
	<result column="dept_name" property="deptName"/>
        <!--将查到的部门ID传递给getEmpListByDeptId方法-->
	<collection property="empList" select="com.queen.mybatis.mapper.EmpMapper.getEmpListByDeptId"
		column="id">
	</collection>
</resultMap>
	
<select id="getDeptByIdStep" resultMap="deptMapStep">
	select id, dept_name from t_dept where id=#{id}
</select>

修改测试类MyBatisTest,添加测试方法testGetDeptByCollectionStep

@Test
public void testGetDeptByCollectionStep() throws IOException {
	SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
	SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
	try {
		DeptMapper mapper = openSession.getMapper(DeptMapper.class);
		Dept deptStep = mapper.getDeptByIdStep(1);
		System.out.println(deptStep);
		System.out.println(deptStep.getEmpList());
	} finally {
		openSession.close();
	}
 
}

注意:DeptMapper.xml和EmpMapper.xml等映射文件都用配置到mybatis-config.xml文件中,否则会报错。

<mappers>  
        <mapper resource="DeptMapper.xml" />  
        <mapper resource="EmpMapper.xml" />
</mappers>  

控制台打印结果如下

2017-08-10 22:30:15,158 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.DeptMapper.getDeptByIdStep]-[DEBUG] ==>  Preparing: select id, dept_name from t_dept where id=? 
2017-08-10 22:30:15,217 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.DeptMapper.getDeptByIdStep]-[DEBUG] ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
2017-08-10 22:30:15,280 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.EmpMapper.getEmpListByDeptId]-[DEBUG] ====>  Preparing: select id,emp_name empName,dept_id deptId from t_emp where dept_id=? 
2017-08-10 22:30:15,281 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.EmpMapper.getEmpListByDeptId]-[DEBUG] ====> Parameters: 1(Integer)
2017-08-10 22:30:15,283 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.EmpMapper.getEmpListByDeptId]-[DEBUG] <====      Total: 2
2017-08-10 22:30:15,284 [main] [com.queen.mybatis.mapper.DeptMapper.getDeptByIdStep]-[DEBUG] <==      Total: 1
Dept [id=1, deptName=开发部]
[Emp [id=1, empName=queen, deptId=1], Emp [id=2, empName=king, deptId=1]]
从上述打印结果,可以看到控制台打印了两段SQL语句,一句用来查询Dept部门信息,另外一句用来查询Emp员工信息,实现了分步查询的效果,且控制台打印结果正常。


=======欢迎大家拍砖,小手一抖,多多点赞哟!=======

版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,允许转载,但转载必须标明出处。


猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/gaomb_1990/article/details/80639552