「七彩话合规」是棱镜七彩推出的全新内容板块，涵盖开源合规基础知识、常见许可证翻译、常见合规问答等多个模块。棱镜七彩开源合规部门专注于开源许可证研究，为您提供权威的许可证翻译参考和问题解答。
开源合规第一步：理解开源许可证
开源许可证，其本质是一种格式合同，通过特定的条款授予用户自由使用、修改、分发开源代码的权利。开源合规治理，首先需要了解开源许可证中的条款内容。
“源译识”项目是由开放原子开源基金会发起的开源公益翻译项目，聚焦于开源许可证、司法案例、专业书籍、重点报告及社区资讯等开源相关内容的专业化、社区化高质量翻译，旨在通过共译推动共识，促进开源领域不同语境和法域之间的交流、理解，从而反哺开源生态。
Apache License Version 2.0
January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Apache许可证 第2.0版
2004年1月 http://www.apache.org/licenses/
SPDX short identifier / SPDX短标识符：Apache-2.0
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 使用、复制和分发的条款和条件
Definitions.定义
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
“本许可证” 系指本文档第1节至第9节所定义的使用、复制和分发的条款和条件。
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
“许可方” 系指授予本许可证的版权所有者或经其授权的实体。
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
“法人实体” 系指行为实体及其他控制该实体、受该实体控制或与该实体在共同控制之下的实体的集合。就本条定义而言， “控制” 指(i)直接或间接地引导或管理该实体的权力，不论通过合同或其他形式；或(ii)拥有百分之五十（50%）或以上流通股的所有权；或(iii)拥有该实体的实益所有权。
"You" (or "Your" ) shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
“您” （或 “您的” ）系指行使本许可证下许可的个人或法人实体。
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
“源码” 形式系指进行修改的首选形式，包括但不限于软件源代码、源文档和配置文件。
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
“目标码” 形式系指对源码形式进行机器转换或翻译而产生的任何形式，包括但不限于已编译的目标代码、生成的文档和转换的其他媒体类型。
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
“本作品” 系指在本许可证下无论以源码形式或目标码形式提供的原创作品，如作品中所包含或附加的版权声明所述（示例请见下文附录）。
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
“衍生作品” 系指基于（或衍生于）本作品的任何作品，无论是源码形式或目标码形式，且对本作品的编辑修订、注释、阐述或其他修改在整体上形成原创作品。就本许可证而言，衍生作品不包括与本作品及其衍生作品仍保持分离或仅通过接口连接（或以名称绑定）的作品。
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
“贡献” 系指由版权所有者或由经其授权的个人或法人实体有意提交给许可方以纳入本作品的任何原创作品，包括本作品的原始版本和对本作品的任何修改或添加或其衍生作品。就本条定义而言， “提交” 系指发送给许可方或其代表的任何电子、口头或书面形式的通信内容，包括但不限于为供讨论和改进本作品目的，发送到许可方管理的、或代表许可方的电子邮件列表、源代码控制系统和发布跟踪系统的通信内容，但不包括版权所有者明确标注或以其他方式书面指定为“非贡献”的通信内容。
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
“贡献者” 是指许可方，以及其“贡献”已被许可方接收且许可方代表其将贡献合并入本作品中的任何个人或法人实体。
2.Grant of Copyright License.版权许可的授予
Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
受限于本许可证的条款和条件，每个贡献者特此授予您永久的、全球性的、非排他性的、免交易费的、免许可费的、不可撤销的版权许可，以复制、准备衍生作品、公开展示、公开表演、分许可和分发本作品及其衍生作品，以源码或目标码形式。
3.Grant of Patent License.专利许可的授予
Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
受限于本许可证的条款和条件，每个贡献者特此授予您永久的、全球性的、非排他性的、免交易费的、免许可费的、不可撤销的（按本节规定的除外）专利许可，以制造、委托制造、使用、许诺销售、销售、进口及以其他方式转移本作品，该许可仅及于贡献者有权许可且由其贡献本身或由其贡献与其提交时所针对的本作品形成的组合所必然侵犯的专利权利要求。如果您对任何实体提起专利诉讼（包括在法律诉讼中的交叉诉讼主张或反诉主张），主张本作品或纳入本作品的贡献构成专利的直接侵权或帮助侵权，则在本许可证下授予您的任何专利许可自该诉讼提起之日起终止。
4.Redistribution.再分发
You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
您可在任何媒介上复制和分发本作品或其衍生作品的副本，无论是否经过修改，无论以源码形式或目标形式，只要您满足以下条件：
a.You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
您必须向本作品或衍生作品的任何其他接收者提供本许可证的副本；且
b.You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
您必须使任何修改后的文件都附上显著的声明，说明您修改了该文件；且
c.You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
您必须在您分发的任何衍生作品的源码形式中，保留来自本作品源码形式的所有版权、专利、商标和权属声明，但与该衍生作品任何部分无关的声明除外；以及
d.If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.
如果本作品分发时包含 “NOTICE” 文本文件，则您分发的任何衍生作品必须至少在下述一处位置包含本文件中的署名声明的可读副本，但与该衍生作品任何部分无关的声明除外：在作为衍生作品一部分的NOTICE文本文件中；在与衍生作品一并提供的源码形式或文档中；或在衍生作品生成的显示界面中通常展示第三方声明的任何位置（如有）。NOTICE文件中的内容仅为提供信息，并不修改本许可。您可以在您分发的衍生作品中添加您自己的权属声明，与本作品的NOTICE文本并列或作为其附录，只要该添加的权属声明不被解释为修改本许可。
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.
您可以对您修改的部分添加您自己的版权声明，并可以就您修改的部分或任何衍生作品整体提供额外或不同的许可条款和条件以供使用、复制或分发，只要您使用、复制和分发本作品的做法符合本许可规定的条件。
5.Submission of Contributions.贡献的提交
Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
除非另有明确说明，您有意向许可方提交且为了纳入本作品的任何贡献，均受本许可证的条款和条件约束，而不带有任何附加条款或条件。尽管有上述规定，本许可证中任何内容，均不会取代或修改您就该贡献可能与许可方另行签署的许可协议的条款。
6.Trademarks.商标
This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
本许可证不授予使用许可方的商号、商标、服务标志或产品名称的许可，但在描述本作品来源及复制NOTICE文件内容时因合理和习惯用法需要的除外。
7.Disclaimer of Warranty.免责声明
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
除非所适用法律要求或经书面同意，许可方就本作品（及每个贡献者就其贡献）是 “按原样” 提供， 没有任何明示或默示的保证或条件 ，包括但不限于关于 权属、不侵权、适销性或特定目的适用性 的任何保证或条件。您自行负责确认使用或再分发本作品的适当性，并承担与您行使本许可证下所授许可相关的任何风险。
8.Limitation of Liability.责任限制
In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
在任何情况和任何法律理论下，无论在侵权（包括过失）、合同或其他方面，除非所适用法律要求（如故意或严重过失行为）或经书面同意，任何贡献者均不对您的损失承担责任，包括因本许可证或因使用或无法使用本作品而导致的任何直接的、间接的、特定的、偶然性的或继发性的损失（包括但不限于商誉损失、停工、计算机失灵或故障，或任何其他商业损害或损失），即使该贡献者曾被告知该损失的可能性。
9.Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability.接受保证或附加责任
While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
在再分发本作品或其衍生作品时，您可以选择接受支持、保证、补偿或其他符合本许可证的责任义务和/或权利，并为之收取费用。然而，在接受该义务时，您只能代表您自己行事且责任完全由您承担，不得代表任何其他贡献者，且在其他贡献者因您接受此类保证或附加责任而产生赔偿责任或主张时，您必须同意补偿、辩护并使该贡献者免受该损害。
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 条款和条件结束
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work 附录：如何将Apache许可证应用到您的作品中
Include a copy of the Apache License, typically in a file called LICENSE, in your work, and consider also including a NOTICE file that references the License.
在您作品中包含Apache许可证的副本，通常在名为 “LICENSE ”的文件中，并考虑在您作品中包含一个引用该许可证的 “NOTICE” 文件。
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.
要将Apache许可证应用于您的作品，请附上下述声明模板，并将由括号“[]”包围的字段替换为您自己的标识信息。（不要包含方括号！）该文本应纳入文件格式适合的注释语法中。我们还建议将文件名或类名和目的描述与版权声明放在同一“打印页面”上，以便于在第三方档案中识别。
Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
版权所有[yyyy][版权所有者名称] 根据Apache许可证第2.0版（“本许可证”）许可； 除非符合本许可证的规定，否则您不得使用此文件。 您可以在此获取本许可证的副本： http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 除非所适用法律要求或经书面同意，在本许可证下分发的软件是“按原样”分发的， 没有任何形式的保证或条件，不论明示或默示。 请查阅本许可证了解有关本许可证下许可和限制的具体要求。
【译者注：以上模板译文仅为便于您理解而翻译，在您的作品中应使用模板英文原文。】
译文声明：本中文译文系基于Lotus、Vanessa、Sara、野行僧的译文投稿，在20230226译文评审会上经宋雷教授、卫Sir、沈芬律师审议，并在经向Apache软件基金会咨询之后，于20230409译文评审会最终定稿。本译文按照CC0授权您使用、复制及传播等。但也请您注意，本译文并非官方译文，仅为便于阅读、理解、研讨而翻译，开放原子开源基金会不提供与本译文相关的任何明示或默示担保。Apache许可证第2.0版的原文请见：https://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
项目介绍：“源译识”翻译项目是由开放原子开源基金会发起的开源公益翻译项目，旨在通过共译寻求开源的共识。目前本项目主要涉及开源许可证翻译、开源案例翻译、开源书籍翻译及开源资讯翻译等。详情请见：https://openatom.org/legal-IP.