软件设计结构：
- 对于初学者来说，弄清框架显得尤为重要
- 首先该软件有以下三种模块组成
MVC设计模式
模型层：Customer处理数据
控制层：CustomerList处理业务逻辑
视图层：CustomerView显示数据
以下三点建议结合代码理解
- Customer为实体对象，用于封装客户信息
- CustomerList为Customer对象的管理模块，内部用数组管理一组Customer对象，并提供相应的添加、修改、删除和遍历的方法，供CustomerView调用
- CustomerView为主模块，负责菜单的显示和处理用户操作
代码块：
四个类都在同一包下
Customer
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
public class Customer {
private String name;//姓名
private char gender;//性别
private int age;//年龄
private String phone;//电话
private String email;//邮箱
public Customer() {
}
public Customer(String name, char gender, int age, String phone, String email) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.phone = phone;
this.email = email;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public char getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(char gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
CustomerList
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
public class CustomerList {
private Customer[] customers;//客户列表
private int total = 0;//记录已保存顾客数量
//构造器
public CustomerList(int totalCustomer) {
customers = new Customer[totalCustomer];
}
//方法
/**
* 添加客户
* return：true添加成功，false：添加失败
*/
public boolean addCustomer(Customer customer){
if (total < customers.length) {
customers[total] = customer;
total++;
return true;
}else return false;
}
/**
* 修改指定索引位置上的客户信息
* @param index
* @param cust
* @return true：修改成功 false修改失败
*/
public boolean replaceCustomer(int index,Customer cust){
if (index < 0 || index >= total) {
return false;
}else{
customers[index] = cust;
return true;
}
}
/**
* 删除指定索引位置上的客户
* @param index
* @return true删除成功 false删除失败
*/
public boolean deleteCustomer(int index){
if (index >= 0 && index < total) {
for (int i = index; i < total - 1; i++) {
customers[i] = customers[i+1];
}
customers[--total] = null;
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 获取所有客户信息
* @return 数组
*/
public Customer[] getAllCustomers(){
//null的部分不返回
Customer[] custs = new Customer[total];
for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
custs[i] = customers[i];
}
return custs;
}
/**
* 获取指定索引位置上的客户
*/
public Customer getCustomer(int index){
if (index >= 0 && index < total) {
return customers[index];
}else return null;
}
/**
* 获取存储客户的数量
*/
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
/**
* 获取最大能储存客户的数量
*/
public int getCustomer(){
return customers.length;
}
}
CustomerView
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
public class CustomerView {
private CustomerList customerList = new CustomerList(10);
public CustomerView() {
Customer cust = new Customer("李明",'男',19,"12349982563","[email protected]");
customerList.addCustomer(cust);
}
public void enterMainMenu(){
//显示主页面
boolean isFlag = true;
while(isFlag){
System.out.println("-----------------客户信息管理软件-----------------");
System.out.println(" 1 添加客户");
System.out.println(" 2 修改客户 ");
System.out.println(" 3 删除客户 ");
System.out.println(" 4 客户列表 ");
System.out.println(" 5 退 出 ");
System.out.println(" 请选择（1-5）： ");
char selection = CMUtility.readMenuSelection();
switch (selection) {
case '1':
addNewCustomer();
break;
case '2':
modifyCustomer();
break;
case '3':
deleteCustomer();
break;
case '4':
listAllCustomers();
break;
case '5':
System.out.print("是否确认退出（Y/N）：");
char isExit = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (isExit == 'Y') {
isFlag = false;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 添加客户
*/
public void addNewCustomer(){
System.out.println("-----------------添加客户-----------------");
System.out.print("姓名：");
String name = CMUtility.readString(10);
System.out.print("性别：");
char gender = CMUtility.readChar();
System.out.print("年龄：");
int age = CMUtility.readInt();
System.out.print("电话：");
String phone = CMUtility.readString(13);
System.out.print("邮箱：");
String email = CMUtility.readString(30);
Customer customer = new Customer(name,gender,age,phone,email);
boolean isSuccess = customerList.addCustomer(customer);
if(isSuccess){
System.out.println("-----------------添加成功-----------------");
}else{
System.out.println("---------------目录已满，添加失败---------------");
}
}
/**
* 修改客户
*/
public void modifyCustomer(){
System.out.println("-----------------修改客户-----------------");
Customer cust;
int num;
for (;;) {
System.out.print("请输入要修改的客户序号(输入-1退出)：");
num = CMUtility.readInt();
if (num == -1) {
return;
}
cust = customerList.getCustomer(num - 1);
if (cust == null) {
System.out.println("无法找到指定客户!");
} else {
break;
}
}
System.out.println("姓名（"+cust.getName()+"）：");
String name = CMUtility.readString(10, cust.getName());
System.out.println("性别（"+cust.getGender()+"）：");
char gender = CMUtility.readChar( cust.getGender());
System.out.println("年龄（"+cust.getAge()+"）：");
int age = CMUtility.readInt(cust.getAge());
System.out.println("电话（"+cust.getPhone()+"）：");
String tel = CMUtility.readString(11, cust.getPhone());
System.out.println("邮箱（"+cust.getEmail()+"）：");
String email = CMUtility.readString(15, cust.getEmail());
Customer newCust = new Customer(name,gender,age,tel,email);
boolean isReplaced = customerList.replaceCustomer(num - 1, newCust);
if (isReplaced) {
System.out.println("-----------------修 改 成 功-----------------\t");
} else {
System.out.println("-----------------修 改 失 败-----------------\t");
}
}
/**
* 删除客户
*/
public void deleteCustomer(){
System.out.println("-----------------删除客户-----------------");
Customer cust;
int index;
for (;;) {
System.out.print("请输入要删除的客户序号(输入-1退出)：");
index = CMUtility.readInt();
if (index == -1) {
return;
}
cust = customerList.getCustomer(index - 1);
if (cust == null) {
System.out.println("无法找到客户!");
} else {
break;
}
}
System.out.print("是否确认删除（Y/N）：");
char isDelete = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (isDelete == 'Y') {
boolean deleteSuccess = customerList.deleteCustomer(index - 1);
if (deleteSuccess) {
System.out.println("-----------------删除成功-----------------");
} else {
System.out.println("-----------------删除失败-----------------");
}
}else{
return;
}
}
/**
* 显示客户列表的操作
*/
public void listAllCustomers(){
System.out.println("-------------------客 户 列 表------------------\n");
int total = customerList.getTotal();
if (total == 0) {
System.out.println("没有客户记录！");
}else {
System.out.println("编号\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t电话\t\t邮箱");
Customer[] custList = customerList.getAllCustomers();
for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
System.out.println(i+1 + "\t" + custList[i].getName()+
"\t" + custList[i].getGender()+"\t" + custList[i].getAge()+
"\t" + custList[i].getPhone()+"\t" + custList[i].getEmail()+"\t");
}
}
System.out.println("-----------------客户列表完成-----------------\n");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomerView view = new CustomerView();
view.enterMainMenu();
}
}
CMUtility
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
import java.util.*;
public class CMUtility {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//System.out.println(readMenuSelection());
}
private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
/**
* 用于界面菜单的选择。该方法读取键盘用户键入的‘1’-‘5’的任意字符，方法返回。
*
*/
public static char readMenuSelection() {
// 获取功能选择
char c;
for (;;) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c != '1' && c != '2' && c != '3' && c != '4' && c != '5') {
System.out.println("选择错误，请重新输入：");
} else break;
}
return c;
}
/**
* 从键盘读取一个字符，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* 获取性别
*/
public static char readChar(){
String str = readKeyBoard(1,false);
return str.charAt(0);
}
/**
*从键盘读取一个字符，并将其作为方法的返回值。
*如果用户不输入字符而回车，方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
*
*/
public static char readChar(char defaultValue){
String str = readKeyBoard(1,true);
return (str.length()==0)? defaultValue : str.charAt(0);
}
/**
* 从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* 获取年龄
*/
public static int readInt(){
int n;
for(;;){
String str = readKeyBoard(2,false);
try{
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
}catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("数字输入错误，请重新输入:");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
*从键盘读取一个字符，并将其作为方法的返回值。
*如果用户不输入字符而回车，方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
*/
public static int readInt(int defaultValue){
//修改年龄信息时，不输入信息直接回车
int n;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(2,true);
if (str.equals("")) {
return defaultValue;
}
try{
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
}catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("数字输入错误，请重新输入:");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
* 从键盘读取一个长度不超过limit的字符串，并将其作为方法的返回值。
*/
public static String readString(int limit){
return readKeyBoard(limit,false);
}
/**
* 从键盘读取一个长度不超过limit的字符串，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* 如果用户不输入字符而直接回车，方法将以defaultVaue作为返回值。
*/
public static String readString(int limit,String defaultValue){
//修改姓名、电话、邮箱时，不输入信息直接回车
String str = readKeyBoard(limit,true);
return str.equals("") ? defaultValue : str;
}
/**
* 用于确认选择的输入。该方法从键盘读取‘Y’或‘N’，并将其作为方法的返回值。
*/
public static char readConfirmSelection(){
//获取确认的输入
char c;
for( ; ; ){
String str = readKeyBoard(1,false).toUpperCase();
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c=='Y' || c=='N') {
break;
} else {
System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入: ");
}
}
return c;
}
private static String readKeyBoard(int limit,boolean blankReturn){
String line = "";
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.length() == 0) {
if (blankReturn) return line;
else continue;
}
if (line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit){
System.out.println("输入长度（不大于" + limit + "）错误，请重新输入“");
continue;
}
break;
}
return line;
}
}