一、学习目标
学习表空间与数据库对象的关系。
在musicdb数据库中创建的所有的表，没有指定表空间的名字，因此都创建在数据库默认的表空间music_tbs中，当我们在musicdb数据库中创建表warehouse_t1的时候，明确指定在表空间ds_location1中创建时，这个表会存储在这个指定的表空间。即一个数据库中的对象，可以位于不同的表空间.
二、课程学习
1.连接数据库，准备测试环境
--进入数据库omm，创建表空间、测试数据库
su - omm
gsql -r
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb1;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb2;
drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb3;
drop tablespace IF EXISTS music_tbs;
CREATE TABLESPACE music_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_ts1';
CREATE DATABASE musicdb WITH TABLESPACE = music_tbs;
--执行下面的SQL语句，创建用户user1：
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
--授予user1数据库系统的SYSADMIN权限：
ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb;
NOTICE: database "musicdb" does not exist, skipping
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb1;
NOTICE: database "musicdb1" does not exist, skipping
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb2;
NOTICE: database "musicdb2" does not exist, skipping
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop DATABASE IF EXISTS musicdb3;
NOTICE: database "musicdb3" does not exist, skipping
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop tablespace IF EXISTS music_tbs;
NOTICE: Tablespace "music_tbs" does not exist, skipping.
DROP TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE music_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_ts1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# CREATE DATABASE musicdb WITH TABLESPACE = music_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=#
omm=# CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# ALTER USER user1 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
2.创建表空间、查看表空间
--执行下面的命令，查看当前表空间：
\db
--创建一个新的名为ds_location1的表空间：
CREATE TABLESPACE ds_location1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/tablespace_1';
--执行下面的命令，查看实例当前有哪些表空间：
\db
omm=# \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
------------+-------+---------------------
music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(3 rows)
omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE ds_location1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/tablespace_1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
--------------+-------+-------------------------
ds_location1 | omm | tablespace/tablespace_1
music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(4 rows)
omm=#
3.使用user1用户，访问musicdb数据库 ，在表空间ds_location1上创建表warehouse_t1，查看musicdb数据库目前有哪些表：
\c musicdb user1
create table warehouse_t1 (col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
from information_schema.tables
where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');
musicdb=> \c musicdb user1
Password for user user1:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "musicdb" as user "user1".
musicdb=> create table warehouse_t1 (col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
CREATE TABLE
musicdb=> select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
musicdb-> from information_schema.tables
musicdb-> where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf');
table_catalog | table_schema | table_name | table_type
---------------+-----------------+--------------+------------
musicdb | db4ai | snapshot | BASE TABLE
musicdb | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_errors | BASE TABLE
musicdb | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_source | BASE TABLE
musicdb | public | warehouse_t1 | BASE TABLE
(4 rows)
musicdb=>
4.查询表在那个表空间
系统表在默认表空间，非系统表在指定的表空间中（否则在默认表空间）
--建表warehouse_t1指定表空间ds_location1，查看表warehouse_t1所在的表空间：
select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t1';
--创建表warehouse_t12未指定表空间，则在默认表空间（不显示默认表空间名）
create table warehouse_t12 (col1 char(10));
select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t12';
musicdb=> select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t1';
schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | tablecreator | created | last_ddl_time
------------+--------------+------------+--------------+------------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------
---
public | warehouse_t1 | user1 | ds_location1 | f | f | f | user1 | 2022-12-01 11:24:42.613711+08 | 2022-12-01 11:24:42.613711+
08
(1 row)
musicdb=> create table warehouse_t12 (col1 char(10));
CREATE TABLE
musicdb=> select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'warehouse_t12';
schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | tablecreator | created | last_ddl_time
------------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------
--
public | warehouse_t12 | user1 | | f | f | f | user1 | 2022-12-01 11:27:36.858823+08 | 2022-12-01 11:27:36.858823+0
8
(1 row)
musicdb=>
6.查看openGuass数据库的默认表空间
select datname,dattablespace,spcname from pg_database d, pg_tablespace t where d.dattablespace=t.oid
musicdb=> select datname,dattablespace,spcname from pg_database d, pg_tablespace t where d.dattablespace=t.oid;
datname | dattablespace | spcname
-----------+---------------+------------
template1 | 1663 | pg_default
omm | 1663 | pg_default
musicdb | 16389 | music_tbs
template0 | 1663 | pg_default
postgres | 1663 | pg_default
(5 rows)
musicdb=>
7.查询数据库的默认表空间上的对象
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and reltablespace='0'
order by a.relpages desc;
musicdb=> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
musicdb-> from pg_class a
musicdb-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and reltablespace='0'
musicdb-> musicdb-> order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner
------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
pg_attribute | r | 184 | 1472 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc | r | 140 | 1120 kB | 0 | 10
pg_depend | r | 59 | 472 kB | 0 | 10
pg_class | r | 52 | 416 kB | 0 | 10
pg_attribute_relid_attnam_index | i | 44 | 352 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_proname_all_args_nsp_index | i | 41 | 328 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_new_index | i | 39 | 312 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index | i | 39 | 312 kB | 0 | 10
pg_rewrite | r | 37 | 296 kB | 0 | 10
pg_description | r | 31 | 248 kB | 0 | 10
pg_attribute_relid_attnum_index | i | 30 | 240 kB | 0 | 10
pg_depend_depender_index | i | 34 | 272 kB | 0 | 10
pg_depend_reference_index | i | 34 | 272 kB | 0 | 10
pg_type | r | 20 | 160 kB | 0 | 10
pg_statistic | r | 19 | 152 kB | 0 | 10
pg_operator | r | 15 | 120 kB | 0 | 10
pg_class_relname_nsp_index | i | 14 | 112 kB | 0 | 10
pg_proc_oid_index | i | 13 | 104 kB | 0 | 10
pg_class_tblspc_relfilenode_index | i | 10 | 80 kB | 0 | 10
pg_amop | r | 9 | 72 kB | 0 | 10
--More-- pg_description_o_c_o_index | i | 16 | 128 kB | 0 | 10
pg_class_oid_index | i | 7 | 56 kB | 0 | 10
sql_features | r | 7 | 56 kB | 0 | 10
pg_type_typname_nsp_index | i | 7 | 56 kB | 0 | 10
pg_index | r | 7 | 56 kB | 0 | 10
pg_amop_fam_strat_index | i | 6 | 48 kB | 0 | 10
pg_operator_oprname_l_r_n_index | i | 6 | 48 kB | 0 | 10
pg_amop_opr_fam_index | i | 6 | 48 kB | 0 | 10
pg_amop_oid_index | i | 5 | 40 kB | 0 | 10
pg_operator_oid_index | i | 5 | 40 kB | 0 | 10
pg_type_oid_index | i | 5 | 40 kB | 0 | 10
pg_opclass_am_name_nsp_index | i | 4 | 32 kB | 0
...
gs_column_keys_args | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
gs_client_global_keys_args | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
gs_client_global_keys | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
pg_publication_rel | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
gs_matview | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
gs_encrypted_proc | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
gs_job_argument | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
warehouse_t12 | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 16391
gs_asp | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
gs_matview_dependency | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
pg_object | r | 0 | 8192 bytes | 0 | 10
gs_auditing_policy_privileges | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
pg_synonym | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 0 | 10
(316 rows)
8.查询表空间ds_location1上的对像
\c musicdb user1
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
order by a.relpages desc;
musicdb=> \c musicdb user1
Password for user user1:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "musicdb" as user "user1".
musicdb=> musicdb-> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
musicdb-> from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
musicdb-> and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
musicdb-> and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
musicdb-> order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner
--------------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
warehouse_t1 | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 16396 | 16391
(1 row)
musicdb=>
三、课后作业
1. 创建表空间newtbs1、ds_location1，查看表空间
create tablespace newtbs1 relative location ‘tablespace/tablespace_2’;
create tablespace ds_location1 relative location ‘tablespace/tablespace_1’;
musicdb=> \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
------------+-------+---------------------
music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(3 rows)
musicdb=>
musicdb=>
musicdb=> create tablespace newtbs1 relative location 'tablespace/tablespace_2';
CREATE TABLESPACE
musicdb=> create tablespace ds_location1 relative location 'tablespace/tablespace_1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
musicdb=> \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
--------------+-------+-------------------------
ds_location1 | user1 | tablespace/tablespace_1
music_tbs | omm | tablespace/test_ts1
newtbs1 | user1 | tablespace/tablespace_2
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(5 rows)
musicdb=>
2. 创建一个数据库newdb1，默认表空间为newtbs1
CREATE DATABASE newdb1 WITH TABLESPACE = newtbs1;
\l
musicdb=> CREATE DATABASE newdb1 WITH TABLESPACE = newtbs1;
CREATE DATABASE
musicdb=> \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
musicdb | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
newdb1 | user1 | UTF8 | C | C |
omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
(6 rows)
3. 创建用户user5，并授予SYSADMIN权限，访问数据库newdb1，在表空间ds_location1上，创建一个表newt1（表结构自定义）
--执行下面的SQL语句，创建用户user5：
CREATE USER user5 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
--授予user1数据库系统的SYSADMIN权限：
ALTER USER user5 SYSADMIN;
--使用user5用户，访问newdb1数据库
\c newdb1 user5
create table newt1 (id int primary key,col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
musicdb=> CREATE USER user5 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234';
NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
musicdb=> CREATE ROLE
musicdb=> ALTER USER user5 SYSADMIN;
ALTER ROLE
musicdb=> \du
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {
}
user1 | Sysadmin | {
}
user5 | Sysadmin | {
}
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {
}
musicdb=>
musicdb=> \c newdb1 user5
Password for user user5:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "newdb1" as user "user5".
newdb1=> create table newt1 (id int primary key,col1 char(10)) tablespace ds_location1;
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "newt1_pkey" for table "newt1"
CREATE TABLE
newdb1=>
4. 查看表所在的表空间
–建表newt1指定表空间ds_location1，查看表newt1所在的表空间：
select * from pg_tables where tablename = ‘newt1’;
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newdb1=> select * from pg_tables where tablename = 'newt1';
schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | tablecreator | created | last_ddl_time
------------+-----------+------------+--------------+------------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
public | newt1 | user5 | ds_location1 | t | f | f | user5 | 2022-12-01 11:47:28.821703+08 | 2022-12-01 11:47:28.821703+08
(1 row)
newdb1=>
5. 查看表空间newtbs1、 ds_location1上的对象
\c newdb1 user5
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
and tb.spcname='newtbs1'
order by a.relpages desc;
select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
order by a.relpages desc;
newdb1=> \c newdb1 user5
Password for user user5:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "newdb1" as user "user5".
newdb1=>
newdb1=>
newdb1=> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
newdb1-> from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
newdb1-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
newdb1-> and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
newdb1-> and tb.spcname='newtbs1'
newdb1-> order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner
---------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
(0 rows)
newdb1=> select relname, relkind, relpages,pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(a.oid)),reltablespace,relowner
newdb1-> from pg_class a, pg_tablespace tb
newdb1-> where a.relkind in ('r', 'i')
newdb1-> and a.reltablespace=tb.oid
newdb1-> newdb1-> and tb.spcname='ds_location1'
order by a.relpages desc;
relname | relkind | relpages | pg_size_pretty | reltablespace | relowner
---------+---------+----------+----------------+---------------+----------
newt1 | r | 0 | 0 bytes | 16408 | 16410
(1 row)
newdb1=>