试论and连接并列主语时的主谓一致

摘要:英语中的主谓一致非常复杂,是各类考试中的常考项目之一,直接影响着学生的英语成绩。以and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,有时谓语动词用单数形式,有时谓语动词用复数形式。弄清楚这个问题,不仅有利于学生理顺主语与谓语的关系,更好的理解句子,而且有助于学生提高英语成绩。 
中国论文网 /4/view-3039634.htm
  关键词:英语语法;连词and;主谓一致 
  中图分类号:H31 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-0118(2012)-03-0-02 
   
  在学习英语中,英语主谓一致不仅是中学英语语法难点之一,也是各种考试的常考项目。英语主谓一致虽然复杂,但也有规律可寻,主要根据三项基本原则:就近一致原则,概念一致原则,语法一致原则。英语中的主谓一致比较复杂,所涉内容较多,本文主要论述and连接并列主语时的主谓一致。 
  一、and连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 
  根据语法一致的原则,由and连接的两个或两个以上单数形式的名词词组作主语时,其谓语动词常用复数形式。例如: 
  A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。 
  Ham and eggs are not sold here. 这里不出售火腿与鸡蛋。 
  A poet and an artist are coming to speak to us about literature and painting in America today.一位诗人和一位画家要来给我们讲今天美国的文学与绘画。 
  Jane, Mary and Helen are cousins. 简,玛丽和海伦是表姐妹。 
  二、and连接并列主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 
  名词是同一概念或同一人(物)。如果and连接的两个单数(个别为复数)名词所指的是同一概念,同一人或同一物时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 
  (一)构成同一概念的人 
  1、and连接的两个名词指同一个人。例如: 
  The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。 
  The girl and winner is jumping with joy. 那位获胜的女孩正高兴地跳着。 
  The secretary and principal of the school was present at the meeting. 该校的书记兼校长出席了会议。 
  2、and连接的两个名词虽是两个人,但表示一个概念。例如: 
  The husband and wife is very honest. 夫妻俩很诚实。 
  Father and mother is man and wife; man and wife is one fresh. 父母是夫妻;夫妻是一体。 
  (二)构成同一概念的物 
  1、成为一体的不可数的物质名词。例如: 
  Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. 抹黄油的面包是西方人每天的食品。 
  (但如说 Bread and butter have gone up in price.<面包和黄油涨价了>, 则须用复数动词,因为 bread and butter在这里是两样单独的食物。) 
  Curry and rice is his favourite dish. 他喜欢吃咖哩饭。 
  Danish bacon and egg(s) makes a good meal. 丹麦咸肉炖蛋成了一顿美餐。 
  2、成为一体的抽象名词或不可数名词。例如: 
  The ebb and flow of tides is now understood. 潮水的涨落现为人所了解。 
  A man’s own manner and character is very important. 个人的风度和品格是重要的。 
  The rights and wrongs of the question is obvious. 问题的是非曲折是显而易见的。 
  3、成对配套的可数名词单数形式。例如: 
  The knife and pork has been washed. 刀叉(西方人的一套餐具)已经洗好了。 
  A cart and horse was seen at a distance. 远远地看见一辆马车来了。 
  The hammer and sickle is flying from the flagpole. 共产党的旗帜(铁锤镰刀旗帜)在旗杆上飘扬。 
  注:也有尚不固定的两可情况,既可用单数动词,也可用复数动词。例如: 
  Time and tide wait(s) for no man. 岁月不待人。 
  三、在某些成语或谚语中,and连接并列主语时的谓语动词 
  在某些成语或谚语里,由and连接的成分作主语时,谓语动词的数是固定不变的。例如: 
  Poor and content is rich enough. 人能安贫就是富。 
  Pen and ink is wit’s plough. 笔墨是才智之犁。 
  All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。 
  Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人身体健康、富有和聪明。 
  Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbours. 快乐是忧愁的紧邻。 
  Poverty and love are hard to hide. 贫困与爱情,都难瞒过人。 
  Gossiping and lying go together (hand in hand). 流言离不开撒谎。 
  四、and连接并列主语分别被no, each, every等修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式 
  and连接的几个单数名词作主语时,如果主语前有no, each或every等词修饰,谓语动词必须用单数。例如: 
  Each man and boy has his own duty. 大人小孩都有自己的责任。 
  Every hour and every minute is important. 每一(下转第307页)(上接第305页)小时,每一分钟都是宝贵的。 
  No teacher and no student was absent. 没有一个教师缺席,也没有一个学生缺席。 
  In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education. 在我们国家里,男孩女孩都有受教育的权利。 
  Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly in the office. 在办公室里,男女都应衣着得体。 
  五、and连接的两个单数名词有not修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式 

  and连接的两个单数名词,其中一个名词前有not时,谓语动词应用单数形式。例如: 
  The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall. 食品跌价时,受损失是的农民而不是城市居民。 
  A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weed.空有言语而无行动的人,犹如杂草丛生的花园。 
  六、and连接的两个短语或分句时,谓语动词的单复数形式 
  当and连接的是两个短语或分句作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。不过,有时也用单数形式。例如: 
  Drinking too much and smoking too much was responsible for his sudden and early death. 他突然早逝应归究于他酗酒贪烟。 
  Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem. 哭泣解决不了问题。 
  What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 
  七、 A and/or B结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式 
  在“A and/or B”结构作主语的句子后,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数,但意思上略有不同。例如: 
  Henry and/or Peter is to be admitted.(侧重or) 亨利或彼得大约只取一人。 
  Henry and/or Peter are to be admitted.(侧重and) 亨利和彼得大约会取两人。 
  八、逗号或破折号等将and连接的成分分开时,谓语动词的单复数形式 
  有时,虽然由and连接,但有逗号或破折号等将and连接的成分与前面的成分分开时,应特别注意谓语动词的数。例如: 
  Peter, and perhaps John, plays football. 彼得,也许是约翰踢足球。 
  The ambassador -----and perhaps his wife too -----is likely to be present. 大使──也许还有他的妻子──可能出席。 
  九、and连接的成分出现省略时,谓语动词的单复数形式 
  有时,在and连接的两个成分中,第一个成分省略了与第二个成分一样的词语,但实际上是指两个人或物。此时,谓语动词应用复数形式。例如: 
  Your and my wife are good friends. 你妻子和我妻子是好朋友。 
  Mr. and Mrs. Smith are newlyweds. 史密斯先生和他的夫人是新婚夫妻。 

  Both reputable and disreputable middle-age are amply represented. 不论名声好还是坏的中年人都有充分的代表。 

  

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