数据库服务启停
连接AntDB
如果有使用python连接postgres的经验，那在AntDB中操作是完全一样的。 首先需要import psycopg2，然后使用psycopg2提供的conn方法创建连接即可。代码示例如下：
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="postgres", user="dang31", password="123", host="10.1.226.256", port="1234")
此时就创建好了一个连接，供后续使用。 在进行数据库操作之前，需要先建立一个cursor，在cursor中进行相应的操作：
cur = conn.cursor()
创建表：
cur.execute("create t_test (id int,name text)")
插入数据：
cur.insert("insert into t_test values (1,'name')")
删除数据：
cur.execute("delete from t_test where id=%s",(3,))
更新数据：
cur.execute("update t_test set name=%s where id=%s",('c',1))
查询数据：
cur.execute("select * from t_test;")
rows = cur.fetchall()
pprint.pprint(rows)
完整的脚本如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import psycopg2
import sys
import pprint
adb_conn="dbname=postgres user=dang31 password=123 host=10.1.226.256 port=1234"
try:
conn = psycopg2.connect(adb_conn)
except psycopg2.Error as e:
print"Unable to connect!"
print e.pgerror
print e.diag.message_detail
sys.exit(1)
else:
print"Connected!"
cur = conn.cursor()
#该程序创建一个光标将用于整个数据库使用Python编程。
print ("version:")
cur.execute("select version();")
rows = cur.fetchall()
pprint.pprint(rows)
print ("create table")
cur.execute("create table t_test (id int,name text);")
print ("insert into table")
cur.execute("insert into t_test (id,name) values (%s,%s)",(1,'a'))
cur.statusmessage
cur.execute("insert into t_test (id,name) values (%s,%s)",(3,'b'))
cur.mogrify("insert into t_test (id,name) values (%s,%s)",(3,'b'))
cur.execute("select * from t_test;")
print ("fetchone")
row = cur.fetchone()
pprint.pprint(row)
cur.execute("select * from t_test;")
rows = cur.fetchall()
print ("fetchall")
pprint.pprint(rows)
print ("delete from table")
cur.execute("delete from t_test where id=%s",(3,))
cur.execute("select * from t_test;")
rows = cur.fetchall()
pprint.pprint(rows)
print ("update table")
cur.execute("update t_test set name=%s where id=%s",('c',1))
cur.execute("select * from t_test;")
rows = cur.fetchall()
pprint.pprint(rows)
print ("drop table")
cur.execute("drop table if EXISTS t_test ");
conn.commit()
#connection.commit() 此方法提交当前事务。如果不调用这个方法，无论做了什么修改，自从上次调用#commit()是不可见的，从其他的数据库连接。
conn.close()
#connection.close() 此方法关闭数据库连接。请注意，这并不自动调用commit（）。如果你只是关闭数据库连接而不调用commit（）方法首先，那么所有更改将会丢失
输出结果为：
Connected!
version:
[('PostgreSQL 11.6 ADB 5.0.0 37c61ca18f on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36), 64-bit',)]
create table
insert into table
fetchone
(3, 'b')
fetchall
[(1, 'a'), (3, 'b')]
delete from table
[(1, 'a')]
update table
[(1, 'c')]
drop table
更多的操作，可以参考psycopg 的文档：https://www.psycopg.org/docs/index.html
C++连接
C++ 中可以通过OTL模板库来访问不同的数据库，我们推荐使用OTL+ODBC的方式访问AntDB。
OTL的文档：http://otl.sourceforge.net/otl3.htm
配置OBDC
- 安装ODBC开发包：
yum install unixODBC-devel
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/odbc/versions/src/psqlodbc-11.01.0000.tar.gz
tar xzvf psqlodbc-11.01.0000.tar.gz
cd psqlodbc-11.01.0000
./configure
make
make install #root 执⾏
安装的路径如下：
/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/lib'
/bin/sh ./libtool --mode=install /bin/install -c psqlodbcw.la psqlodbca.la '/usr/local/lib'
libtool: install: /bin/install -c .libs/psqlodbcw.so /usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so
libtool: install: /bin/install -c .libs/psqlodbcw.lai /usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.la
libtool: install: /bin/install -c .libs/psqlodbca.so /usr/local/lib/psqlodbca.so
libtool: install: /bin/install -c .libs/psqlodbca.lai /usr/local/lib/psqlodbca.la
libtool: finish: PATH="/data/sy/hive/hive-2.3.3/bin:/data/sy/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.5/bin:/data/sy/hadoop/hadoop-
2.8.5/sbin:/data/sy/jdk/jdk1.8.0_191/bin:/data/sy/jdk/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/bin:/home/adb40sy/mysql/install/bin:/data/sy/hive/h ive-2.3.3/bin:/data/sy/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.5/bin:/data/sy/hadoop/hadoop-
2.8.5/sbin:/data/sy/jdk/jdk1.8.0_191/bin:/data/sy/jdk/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/ sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/madlib/Versions/1.15/bin:/sbin" ldconfig -n /usr/local/lib
---------------------------------------------------------------------Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/lib
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable during linking
- use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
- isql测试：
**********************************************
* unixODBC - isql *
**********************************************
* Syntax *
* *
* isql DSN [UID [PWD]] [options] *
* *
* Options *
* *
* -b batch.(no prompting etc) *
* -dx delimit columns with x *
* -x0xXX delimit columns with XX, where *
* x is in hex, ie 0x09 is tab *
* -w wrap results in an HTML table *
* -c column names on first row. *
* (only used when -d) *
* -mn limit column display width to n *
* -v verbose. *
* -lx set locale to x *
* -q wrap char fields in dquotes *
* -3 Use ODBC 3 calls *
* -n Use new line processing *
* -e Use SQLExecDirect not Prepare *
* -k Use SQLDriverConnect *
* --version version *
* *
* Commands *
* *
* help - list tables *
* help table - list columns in table *
* help help - list all help options *
* *
* Examples *
* *
* isql WebDB MyID MyPWD -w < My.sql *
* *
* Each line in My.sql must contain *
* exactly 1 SQL command except for the *
* last line which must be blank (unless *
* -n option specified). *
* *
* Please visit; *
* *
* http://www.unixodbc.org *
* [email protected] *
* [email protected] *
**********************************************
- 修改odbc默认配置(vi /etc/odbcinst.ini)：
默认PG的配置：
[PostgreSQL]
Description = ODBC for PostgreSQL
Driver = /usr/lib64/psqlodbc.so
#Driver = /usr/lib/psqlodbcw.so
#Setup = /usr/lib/libodbcpsqlS.so
#Driver64 = /usr/lib64/psqlodbcw.so
#Setup64 = /usr/lib64/libodbcpsqlS.so
FileUsage = 1
可以不动这个配置参数，在⾃⼰的环境中找出上述⽂件，建⽴软链接：
root@intel175 ~]# find / -name 'psqlodbcw.so'
/ssd/home/billing/soft/psqlodbc-11.01.0000/.libs/psqlodbcw.so
/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so
[root@intel175 ~]# find / -name 'libodbcpsqlS.so'
/usr/lib64/libodbcpsqlS.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so /usr/lib/otlobbc.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so /usr/lib64/otlobbc.so
ln -s /usr/lib64/libodbcpsqlS.so /usr/lib/libodbcpsqlS.so
- 配置DSN
vi /etc/odbc.ini
[antdb]
Description = Test to antdb
Driver = PostgreSQL
Database = postgres
Servername = localhost
UserName = billing
Password = billing
Port = 4333
- 连接测试：
[billing@intel175 soft]$ isql antdb -v
+---------------------------------------+
| Connected! |
| |
| sql-statement |
| help [tablename] |
| quit |
| |
+---------------------------------------+
SQL> select count(*) from pg_class;
+---------------------+
| count |
+---------------------+
| 380 |
+---------------------+
SQLRowCount returns 1
1 rows fetched SQL>
如果执行isql测试出现如下的错误
[unixODBC][Driver Manager]Data source name not found, and no default driver specified
首先确认odbc的环境变量，是否正确指向了自己的配置文件，确认方法
[antdb@adb01 mgr1]$dbcinst -j
unixODBC 2.3.1
DRIVERS............: /etc/odbcinst.ini # 确认路径是上面配置odbcinst.ini文件路径
SYSTEM DATA SOURCES: /etc/odbc.ini # 确认路径是上面配置odbc.ini文件路径
FILE DATA SOURCES..: /etc/ODBCDataSources
USER DATA SOURCES..: /home/antdb/.odbc.ini
SQLULEN Size.......: 8
SQLLEN Size........: 8
SQLSETPOSIROW Size.: 8
再确认/etc/odbc.ini文件的访问权限，确认执行isql的用户有读权限
通过OTL操作数据库示例
- 创建文件：test_antdb.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define OTL_ODBC_UNIX // uncomment this line if UnixODBC is used
#define OTL_ODBC_ALTERNATE_RPC
#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64)
#define OTL_ODBC
#else
#define OTL_ODBC_POSTGRESQL // required with PG ODBC on Windows
#endif
#include "otlv4.h" // include the OTL 4.0 header file
otl_connect db; // connect object
void insert()
// insert rows into table
{
otl_stream o(10000, // PostgreSQL 8.1 and higher, the buffer can be > 1
"insert into test_tab values(:f1<int>,:f2<int>)",
// SQL statement
db // connect object
);
char tmp[8];
for(int i=1;i<=10;++i){
sprintf(tmp,"Name%d\0",i);
// o<<i<<i*10;
o<<i<<i;
o.flush();
cout<<"Number:"<<i<<endl;
}
}
void update(const int af1)
// insert rows into table
{
otl_stream o(1, // PostgreSQL 8.1 and higher, buffer size can be >1
"UPDATE test_tab "
" SET f2=:f2<int> "
" WHERE f1=:f1<int>",
// UPDATE statement
db // connect object
);
o<<otl_null()<<af1+1; // set f2 to NULL
}
void select(const int af1)
{
otl_stream i(50, // On SELECT, the buffer size can be > 1
"select * from test_tab where f1>=:f11<int> and f1<=:f12<int> and rownum < 10",
// SELECT statement
db // connect object
);
// create select stream
int f1;
// char f2[31];
int f2;
#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1600) || defined(OTL_CPP_11_ON)
// C++11 (or higher) compiler
#if defined(OTL_ANSI_CPP_11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES)
otl_write_row(i,af1,af1); // Writing input values into the stream
#else
// when variadic template functions are not supported by the C++
// compiler, OTL provides nonvariadic versions of the same template
// functions in the range of [1..15] parameters
otl_write_row(i,af1,af1); // Writing input values into the stream
// the old way (operators >>() / <<()) is available as always:
// i<<af1<<af1; // Writing input values into the stream
#endif
for(auto& it : i){
it>>f1;
cout<<"f1="<<f1<<", f2=";
it>>f2;
if(it.is_null())
cout<<"NULL";
else
cout<<f2;
cout<<endl;
}
#else
// C++98/03 compiler
i<<af1<<af1; // Writing input values into the stream
while(!i.eof()){ // while not end-of-data
i>>f1;
cout<<"f1="<<f1<<", f2=";
i>>f2;
if(i.is_null())
cout<<"NULL";
else
cout<<f2;
cout<<endl;
}
#endif
}
int main()
{
otl_connect::otl_initialize(); // initialize ODBC environment
try{
//db.rlogon("scott/tiger@postgresql");
//db.rlogon("billappxc/123@sunyu");
db.rlogon("danghb/123@antdb");
otl_cursor::direct_exec
(
db,
"drop table IF EXISTS test_tab",
otl_exception::disabled // disable OTL exceptions
); // drop table
// db.commit();
otl_cursor::direct_exec
(
db,
"create table test_tab(f1 bigint, f2 bigint)"
); // create table
otl_cursor::direct_exec
(
db,
"set grammar to oracle"
); // set grammar
// db.commit();
insert(); // insert records into the table
//db.commit();
//return 0;
update(10); // update records in the table
select(8); // select records from the table
select(3); // select records from the table
select(5); // select records from the table
db.commit();
}
catch(otl_exception& p){ // intercept OTL exceptions
cerr<<p.msg<<endl; // print out error message
cerr<<p.stm_text<<endl; // print out SQL that caused the error
cerr<<p.sqlstate<<endl; // print out SQLSTATE message
cerr<<p.var_info<<endl; // print out the variable that caused the error
}
db.logoff(); // disconnect from ODBC
return 0;
}
- 编译文件
g++ test_antdb.cpp -L/usr/lib -lotlobbc -o test_antdb -g
- 执行程序
./test_antdb
Number:1
Number:2
Number:3
Number:4
Number:5
Number:6
Number:7
Number:8
Number:9
Number:10
f1=8, f2=8
f1=3, f2=3
f1=5, f2=5
注意事项：程序中对绑定变量的使用，需要保证绑定变量类型和传值类型一致，否则会报错：
Incompatible data types in stream operation
UPDATE test_tab SET f2=? WHERE f1=?
Variable: :f2<INT>, datatype in operator <</>>: CHAR
AntDB数据库始于2008年，在运营商的核心系统上，为全国24个省份的10亿多用户提供在线服务，具备高性能、弹性扩展、高可靠等产品特性，峰值每秒可处理百万笔电信核心交易，保障系统持续稳定运行近十年，并在通信、金融、交通、能源、物联网等行业成功商用落地。