目录
项目已经上传到gitee：https://gitee.com/xzl-it/my-projects
1、需求
SpringMVC项目练习：数据后台管理系统
结合MVC和三重架构，使用Spring和SpringMVC实现前后端交互的web应用。
项目页面实现如下：
2、项目准备
Spring环境搭建步骤
① 创建工程 (Project&Module)
② 导入静态页面 (这部分后面再细讲)
③ 导入需要坐标 (pom.xml)
④ 创建包结构 (controller、service、dao、domain、utils)
⑤ 执行对应的sql语句
⑥ 创建POJO类 (User.java和Role.java)
⑦ 创建配置文件 (applicationContext.xml、spring-mvc.xml、jdbc.properties、log4j.properties)
总体环境搭建完成后，目录结构如下：
下面是项目需要的配置文件：
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>projectForSpringMVC</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<port>8080</port><!--访问端口号 -->
<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.32</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>SQL
/* 创建数据库 'SpringMVC' */
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `SpringMVC` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
/* 使用数据库 'SpringMVC' */
USE `SpringMVC`;
/* 创建表 'sys_role' */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`roleName` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`roleDescription` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/* 插入数据到表 'sys_role' */
INSERT INTO `sys_role`(`id`,`roleName`,`roleDesc`)
VALUES (1,'院长','负责全面工作'),
(2,'研究员','课程研发工作'),
(3,'讲师','授课工作'),
(4,'助教','协助解决学生的问题');
/* 创建表 'sys_user' */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`email` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
`phoneNum` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/* 插入数据到表 'sys_user' */
INSERT INTO `sys_user`(`id`,`username`,`email`,`password`,`phoneNum`)
VALUES (1,'zhangsan','[email protected]','123','13888888888'),
(2,'lisi','[email protected]','123','13999999999'),
(3,'wangwu','[email protected]','123','18599999999');
/* 创建表 'sys_user_role' */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user_role` (
`userId` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`roleId` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`userId`,`roleId`),
KEY `roleId` (`roleId`),
CONSTRAINT `sys_user_role_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`userId`) REFERENCES `sys_user` (`id`),
CONSTRAINT `sys_user_role_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`roleId`) REFERENCES `sys_role` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/* 插入数据到表 'sys_user_role' */
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role`(`userId`,`roleId`)
VALUES (1,1),
(1,2),
(2,2),
(2,3);jdbc.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springmvc
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=xzlXZGK680
log4j.properties
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=c:/mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=info, stdoutapplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<!--非自定义对象，在这里配置，自定义对象我全部使用注解-->
<!--1、组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xzl">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--2、加载jdbc.properties-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!--3、配置数据源对象-->
<bean id="dataSource_C3p0" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource_Druid" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--4、配置JdbcTemplate对象-->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource_Druid"/>
</bean>
</beans>spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--1、配置mvc注解驱动，自动加载json转换工具-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--2、配置视图资源解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--3、静态资源放行-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--4、组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xzl">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--解决乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--全局的初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--Spring的监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>3、工作流程
这里以一个请求动作进行举例：
前端对后端服务器的请求，被前端控制器全部拦截，交由对应的控制器；
控制器调用业务逻辑层代码，封装模型和视图；
业务逻辑层调用数据访问层代码，封装需要的数据进行返回；
最后返回到控制器进行全部封装完成，相应到对应的视图资源进行返回前端。
总体过程如图：
4、难点
这个过程主要是多表查询，要分清楚主键约束，即删表的时候要先删用户表，再删关系表。
还有一个就是存储过程中，用户的id是由MySQL自动生成的，存储过程获取不到，这里使用PreparedStatementCreator。
在UserDaoImpl.java中：
@Override
public Long save(final User user) {
// 创建PreparedStatementCreator，用于构建PreparedStatement
PreparedStatementCreator creator = new PreparedStatementCreator() {
@Override
public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
// 使用原始jdbc完成PreparedStatement的组建
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("insert into sys_user values(?,?,?,?,?)", PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
preparedStatement.setObject(1, null); // 设置第一个占位符为NULL，通常用于表示主键自动生成
preparedStatement.setString(2, user.getUsername()); // 设置第二个占位符为用户的用户名
preparedStatement.setString(3, user.getEmail()); // 设置第三个占位符为用户的电子邮件地址
preparedStatement.setString(4, user.getPassword()); // 设置第四个占位符为用户的密码
preparedStatement.setString(5, user.getPhoneNum()); // 设置第五个占位符为用户的电话号码
return preparedStatement;
}
};
// 创建keyHolder，用于获取自动生成的主键
GeneratedKeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
// 使用jdbcTemplate执行SQL插入，并将生成的主键保存到keyHolder中
jdbcTemplate.update(creator, keyHolder);
// 获得生成的主键
long userId = keyHolder.getKey().longValue();
// 返回当前保存用户的id，该id是数据库自动生成的
return userId;
}