WPF自定义控件 按钮 （一）

其他 2018-06-09 05:07:27 阅读次数: 2

从这里开始，记录WPF自定义控件的制作方法，相比制作传统winform的自定义控件来说，WPF自定义控件做起来更加优雅，效果也更好。

从最常用的控件 Button 开始：

首先从MSDN上查看 Button 控件的默认样式和模板，如下：

<Style TargetType="Button">
      <Setter Property="Background" Value="#FF1F3B53"/>
      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#FF000000"/>
      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="3"/>
      <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
      <Setter Property="BorderBrush">
          <Setter.Value>
              <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
                  <GradientStop Color="#FFA3AEB9" Offset="0"/>
                  <GradientStop Color="#FF8399A9" Offset="0.375"/>
                  <GradientStop Color="#FF718597" Offset="0.375"/>
                  <GradientStop Color="#FF617584" Offset="1"/>
              </LinearGradientBrush>
          </Setter.Value>
      </Setter>
      <Setter Property="Template">
          <Setter.Value>
              <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                  <Grid>
                      <vsm:VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                          <vsm:VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
                              <vsm:VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
                              <vsm:VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
                                  <Storyboard>
                                      <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundAnimation" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To="1"/>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#F2FFFFFF"/>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#CCFFFFFF"/>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#7FFFFFFF"/>
                                  </Storyboard>
                              </vsm:VisualState>
                              <vsm:VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
                                  <Storyboard>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" To="#FF6DBDD1"/>
                                      <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundAnimation" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To="1"/>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#D8FFFFFF"/>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#C6FFFFFF"/>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#8CFFFFFF"/>
                                      <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#3FFFFFFF"/>
                                  </Storyboard>
                              </vsm:VisualState>
                              <vsm:VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
                                  <Storyboard>
                                      <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="DisabledVisualElement" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To=".55"/>
                                  </Storyboard>
                              </vsm:VisualState>
                          </vsm:VisualStateGroup>
                          <vsm:VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
                              <vsm:VisualState x:Name="Focused">
                                  <Storyboard>
                                      <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualElement" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To="1"/>
                                  </Storyboard>
                              </vsm:VisualState>
                              <vsm:VisualState x:Name="Unfocused" />
                          </vsm:VisualStateGroup>
                      </vsm:VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                      <Border x:Name="Background" CornerRadius="3" Background="White" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}">
                          <Grid Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"  Margin="1">
                              <Border Opacity="0"  x:Name="BackgroundAnimation" Background="#FF448DCA" />
                              <Rectangle x:Name="BackgroundGradient" >
                                  <Rectangle.Fill>
                                      <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint=".7,0" EndPoint=".7,1">
                                          <GradientStop Color="#FFFFFFFF" Offset="0" />
                                          <GradientStop Color="#F9FFFFFF" Offset="0.375" />
                                          <GradientStop Color="#E5FFFFFF" Offset="0.625" />
                                          <GradientStop Color="#C6FFFFFF" Offset="1" />
                                      </LinearGradientBrush>
                                  </Rectangle.Fill>
                              </Rectangle>
                          </Grid>
                      </Border>
                      <ContentPresenter
                              x:Name="contentPresenter"
                              Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"
                              ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"
                              VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"
                              HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                              Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"/>
                      <Rectangle x:Name="DisabledVisualElement" RadiusX="3" RadiusY="3" Fill="#FFFFFFFF" Opacity="0" IsHitTestVisible="false" />
                      <Rectangle x:Name="FocusVisualElement" RadiusX="2" RadiusY="2" Margin="1" Stroke="#FF6DBDD1" StrokeThickness="1" Opacity="0" IsHitTestVisible="false" />
                  </Grid>
              </ControlTemplate>
          </Setter.Value>
      </Setter>
  </Style>

由于历史遗留原因，现在上面的 vsm 名称空间可以直接删掉即可；

接下来演示，如何一步步制作自己的自定义按钮控件：

准备工具：visual studio 2015 （或VS2010,2012,2013都可以）


1.打开VS,新建 WPF自定义控件库 项目：



2.新建完成后，vs自动生成了一些文件，如 Themes 文件夹，以及文件夹下面的 Genric.xaml 文件；还有CustomControl1.cs文件，这个不用管它，直接删除即可，同时也把Genric.xaml 文件中关于CustomControl1的style节点也删除；

3.在项目下新建一个 Controls 文件夹，在文件夹里新建一个自定义控件（WPF） MyButton1.cs 和资源字典（WPF） MyButton1.xaml, 并在Genric.xaml中引用该资源字典：

<ResourceDictionary
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfCustomControlLibrary">

    <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/WpfCustomControlLibrary;component/Controls/MyButton1.xaml"/>
    </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>


</ResourceDictionary>

4.修改 MyButton1.cs 代码， 使 MyButton 类继承 Button (默认继承自 Control ) , 最终代码如下 : 

    public class MyButton1 : Button
    {
        static MyButton1()
        {
            DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(MyButton1), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(Button)));
        }
    }

5.到此为止，一个默认原生的按钮就产生了（和系统自带的 Button 一样），接下来新建一个WPF应用程序用来测试这个控件，在项目中引用上面生成的dll, 新建两个Button,一个是系统自带的，一个是刚刚自己制作的： 

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
        xmlns:controls="clr-namespace:WpfCustomControlLibrary.Controls;assembly=WpfCustomControlLibrary"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
            <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Button Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Content="Default Button" Width="100" Height="50"></Button>
        <controls:MyButton1  Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Content="MyButton1" Width="100" Height="50"></controls:MyButton1>
    </Grid>
</Window>

6.运行看看它俩的效果，是一模一样的：


7.接下来就将MSDN上的 Button 默认模板复制下来 ，放到 资源字典 MyButton1.xaml 里：

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfCustomControlLibrary.Controls">


    <Style TargetType="{x:Type local:MyButton1}">
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="#FF1F3B53"/>
        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#FF000000"/>
        <Setter Property="Padding" Value="3"/>
        <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
        <Setter Property="BorderBrush">
            <Setter.Value>
                <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
                    <GradientStop Color="#FFA3AEB9" Offset="0"/>
                    <GradientStop Color="#FF8399A9" Offset="0.375"/>
                    <GradientStop Color="#FF718597" Offset="0.375"/>
                    <GradientStop Color="#FF617584" Offset="1"/>
                </LinearGradientBrush>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                    <Grid>
                        <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                            <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
                                <VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
                                <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
                                    <Storyboard>
                                        <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundAnimation" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To="1"/>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#F2FFFFFF"/>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#CCFFFFFF"/>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#7FFFFFFF"/>
                                    </Storyboard>
                                </VisualState>
                                <VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
                                    <Storyboard>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="Background" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" To="#FF6DBDD1"/>
                                        <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundAnimation" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To="1"/>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#D8FFFFFF"/>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#C6FFFFFF"/>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#8CFFFFFF"/>
                                        <ColorAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundGradient" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Rectangle.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" To="#3FFFFFFF"/>
                                    </Storyboard>
                                </VisualState>
                                <VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
                                    <Storyboard>
                                        <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="DisabledVisualElement" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To=".55"/>
                                    </Storyboard>
                                </VisualState>
                            </VisualStateGroup>
                            <VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
                                <VisualState x:Name="Focused">
                                    <Storyboard>
                                        <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualElement" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To="1"/>
                                    </Storyboard>
                                </VisualState>
                                <VisualState x:Name="Unfocused" />
                            </VisualStateGroup>
                        </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                        <Border x:Name="Background" CornerRadius="3" Background="White" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}">
                            <Grid Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"  Margin="1">
                                <Border Opacity="0"  x:Name="BackgroundAnimation" Background="#FF448DCA" />
                                <Rectangle x:Name="BackgroundGradient" >
                                    <Rectangle.Fill>
                                        <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint=".7,0" EndPoint=".7,1">
                                            <GradientStop Color="#FFFFFFFF" Offset="0" />
                                            <GradientStop Color="#F9FFFFFF" Offset="0.375" />
                                            <GradientStop Color="#E5FFFFFF" Offset="0.625" />
                                            <GradientStop Color="#C6FFFFFF" Offset="1" />
                                        </LinearGradientBrush>
                                    </Rectangle.Fill>
                                </Rectangle>
                            </Grid>
                        </Border>
                        <ContentPresenter
                              x:Name="contentPresenter"
                              Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"
                              ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"
                              VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"
                              HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                              Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"/>
                        <Rectangle x:Name="DisabledVisualElement" RadiusX="3" RadiusY="3" Fill="#FFFFFFFF" Opacity="0" IsHitTestVisible="false" />
                        <Rectangle x:Name="FocusVisualElement" RadiusX="2" RadiusY="2" Margin="1" Stroke="#FF6DBDD1" StrokeThickness="1" Opacity="0" IsHitTestVisible="false" />
                    </Grid>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>
    
</ResourceDictionary>

然后再将 MyButton1 类代码修改成： 

    public class MyButton1 : Button
    {
        static MyButton1()
        {
            DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(MyButton1), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(MyButton1)));
        }
    }

8.重新编译类库项目，运行测试项目，发现俩按钮样式有点变化了，自定义按钮看上去变搓了，这是因为使用了MSDN默认模板的原因：



9.接下来，只要修改一下默认模板，就可以改变其样式，例如将模板修改成这样：

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfCustomControlLibrary.Controls">


    <Style TargetType="{x:Type local:MyButton1}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                    <Grid>
                        <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                            <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
                                <VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                                    <VisualTransition From="Normal" GeneratedDuration="0:0:0.3" To="MouseOver"/>
                                    <VisualTransition From="MouseOver" GeneratedDuration="0:0:0.3" To="Normal"/>
                                    <VisualTransition From="Pressed" GeneratedDuration="0:0:0.2" To="Normal"/>
                                </VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                                <VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
                                <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
                                    <Storyboard>
                                        <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Shape.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse">
                                            <EasingColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="#FFEFE9F0"/>
                                        </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                    </Storyboard>
                                </VisualState>
                                <VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
                                    <Storyboard>
                                        <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Shape.Fill).(GradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse">
                                            <EasingColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="#FF650A6E"/>
                                        </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                    </Storyboard>
                                </VisualState>
                                <VisualState x:Name="Disabled"/>
                            </VisualStateGroup>
                        </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                        <Ellipse x:Name="ellipse" Stroke="Black">
                            <Ellipse.Fill>
                                <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
                                    <GradientStop Color="Black" Offset="0"/>
                                    <GradientStop Color="#FFF376FF" Offset="0.566"/>
                                </LinearGradientBrush>
                            </Ellipse.Fill>
                        </Ellipse>
                        <ContentPresenter HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" RecognizesAccessKey="True" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/>
                    </Grid>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsFocused" Value="True"/>
                        <Trigger Property="IsDefaulted" Value="True"/>
                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True"/>
                        <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True"/>
                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"/>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>
    
</ResourceDictionary>

10.运行测试项目，效果如下：



11.如果你觉得，这些模板效果包括渐变，动画等等样式，是手工一行行代码敲出来的？那你就错了，只要用Blend 1分钟就能做出任何你想要的效果（当然了，还是需要点审美的。。。）！


就拿上面的自定义按钮举个例子，只需要打开Blend (我这里用的是Blend for Visual Studio 2015)：

1.新建一个WPF项目，再新建一个用户控件，把容器类型改成 Canvas：



2.拖一个椭圆到画布上，高度和宽都设置成一样，这样就呈现一个圆形了，填充颜色设置成渐变，颜色自己随便取：


3.选中椭圆，然后在Blend工具栏上的 工具->构成控件->选择 Button 这样一个Button就算初步完成了， 可以从对象和时间线看到这个模板是由一个 Ellipse+ContentPresenter 构成:



4.但是这样是不太合适的，因为按钮一般有 鼠标经过+鼠标点击 样式，这里在 状态 视图中，为其增加各种状态效果，比如从默认一般情况到鼠标滑过，填充色在0.3秒内从渐变色A到渐变色B；从鼠标点击到恢复默认情况，填充色在0.2秒内从渐变色C到渐变色A：



5.这些设置好之后，可以看到对应的xaml文件自动生成了Template代码，这个代码就是我们在MyButton1.xaml中使用的Template代码，可以直接复制过去使用。所以还是比较简单的。



以上关于自定义控件 Button 样式 ，先记录到此，接下来记录相对复杂的自定义Button控件。




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