实战：纯手工打造Java爬虫——基于JDK11原生HttpClient（一）

目录

所需环境及组件

开发环境配置 

pom.xml

application.properties

相关数据库脚本

程序结构规划 

---

        Java爬虫以前大多使用Apache的HttpClient，自2020年HttpClient5版本发布，相较HttpClient4就产生了较大差异，jar包结构等都发生了变化，旧程序升级存在一定问题。其实自JDK11起，JDK自带的HttpClient功能已经逐渐完善，我们不妨封装一下JDK11的HttpClient，替换掉第三方插件，日常的使用应该是足够了。

所需环境及组件

基础环境：

JDK11

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SpringBoot 2.6.4

其他（非必须）：

Jsoup 1.14.3（HTML内容解析工具）

Netty 4.1.74（在线消息）

MySQL 8.0.28（持久化数据库）

SqlToy 5.1.32（数据持久化中间件）

Thymeleaf 2.6.4（HTML页面模板引擎）

开发环境配置 

我们先来看看pom.xml配置

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.vtarj</groupId>
    <artifactId>Pythagoras</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Pythagoras</name>
    <description>Pythagoras</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <sqltoy.version>5.1.32</sqltoy.version>
        <jsoup.version>1.14.3</jsoup.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.28</mysql.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringBoot Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Thymeleaf模板引擎 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Netty 提供Websocket服务的优秀框架 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Jsoup 提供HTML资源解析的java库 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
            <version>${jsoup.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--开发环境热部署-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- MySQL驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- jdbc基础包，springboot自带的数据库连接池管理工具hikari依赖此包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${jdbc.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 数据库操作工具 sagacity-sqltoy-starter -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sagframe</groupId>
            <artifactId>sagacity-sqltoy-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${sqltoy.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--自动生成Get/Set方法-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <!-- SqlToy提倡将sql.xml文件放在业务下，便于模块化管理和产品化抽离，因此编译时就需要全包扫描-->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.yml</include>
                    <include>**/*.sql</include>
                    <include>**/*.jpg</include>
                    <include>**/*.html</include>
                    <include>**/*.js</include>
                    <include>**/*.png</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <testResources>
            <testResource>
                <directory>src/test/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </testResource>
            <testResource>
                <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.yml</include>
                    <include>**/*.sql</include>
                    <include>**/*.jpg</include>
                    <include>**/*.html</include>
                    <include>**/*.js</include>
                    <include>**/*.png</include>
                </includes>
            </testResource>
        </testResources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.4</version>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

再看看application.properties配置

application.properties

###服务器配置
server.servlet.encoding.enabled=true
server.servlet.encoding.charset=UTF-8

###服务器配置
server.port=8000

#静态资源访问路径，默认会在/public /static /resources 目录下查找静态资源，故无需配置这些
spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/**
#静态资源访问路径设置 多个静态资源路径使用逗号分隔
spring.web.resources.static-locations=classpath:/META-INF/resources/, classpath:/resources/, classpath:/static/, classpath:/public/, classpath:/views/

#Thymeleaf模板引擎配置
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/views/page/
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html

#Netty的自定义配置
netty.websocket.ip=0.0.0.0
netty.websocket.port=7251
netty.websocket.max-size=10240
netty.websocket.path=/channel

###Hikari数据库连接池配置（Springboot默认Hikari管理连接池）
##数据库基本配置
spring.datasource.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/pythagoras?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&character_set_server=utf8mb4&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
##Hikari性能配置
# 数据库连接池名称
spring.datasource.hikari.pool-name=DefaultDataSource
# 数据库最小空闲连接
spring.datasource.hikari.minimum-idle=5
# 数据库空闲连接超时时间
spring.datasource.hikari.idle-timeout=180000
# 数据库连接最大生命周期
spring.datasource.hikari.max-lifetime=600000
# 数据库最大连接数
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10
# 数据库自动提交
spring.datasource.hikari.auto-commit=true
# 数据库连接超时时间
spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=30000
# 数据库连接测试语句
spring.datasource.hikari.connection-test-query=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL

###SqlToy数据库操作工具配置
# 启用debug模式，可打印执行sql语句
spring.sqltoy.debug=true
# 数据库跨库函数自动转换，默认启用
spring.sqltoy.function-converts=default
# SQL打印超时时间
spring.sqltoy.print-sql-timeout-millis=30000
# SQL文件扫描根路径，从根路径下扫描所有包
spring.sqltoy.sql-resources-dir=classpath:com/vtarj/pythagoras
# SqlToy缓存翻译配置，使用默认配置文件路径（classpath:sqltoy-translate.xml）时可以不配置
spring.sqltoy.translate-config=classpath:sqltoy-translate.xml

我们以MySQL8.0作为数据容器，以国家统计局行政区划为目标，开始我们的爬虫之路吧

MySQL8.0安装可以参考：《MySQL自动安装批处理脚本》来自动安装，这里就不介绍了。

国家统计局最新行政区划可查阅：《全国统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码（2021）》

相关数据库脚本

/*
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : MySQL
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 80028
 Source Host           : localhost:3306
 Source Schema         : pythagoras

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 80028
 File Encoding         : 65001

 Date: 15/04/2022 10:10:41
*/

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for sc_region
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sc_region`;
CREATE TABLE `sc_region`  (
  `R_ID` varchar(22) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '主键ID',
  `R_CODE` varchar(35) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '行政区划编码',
  `R_TYPE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '行政区划类型',
  `R_NAME` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '行政区划名称',
  `R_LEVEL` int(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '行政区划等级',
  `R_URL` varchar(500) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '行政区划链接',
  `P_CODE` varchar(35) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '上级行政区划编码',
  `P_URL` varchar(500) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '上级行政区划链接',
  PRIMARY KEY (`R_ID`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = 'System Center Region Table，系统行政区划信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

程序结构规划 

        打码的内容请忽略，与本文无关哦

未完待续~~~ 

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