The “Internet of Things” covers a huge scope of industries and applications.
简要介绍查看物联网技术堆栈的不同方式
潜入数据管理和API云代理
深入了解更高级别的技术，如机器学习和用户体验反馈和分析
通讯
RFID - ISO/IEC Standards list
Description:
"A radio-frequency identification system uses tags, or labels attached to the objects to be identified. Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called interrogators or readers send a signal to the tag and read its response. The readers generally transmit their observations to a computer system running RFID software or RFID middleware.RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery assisted passive. An active tag has an on-board battery and periodically transmits its ID signal. A battery assisted passive (BAP) has a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence of a RFID reader."
“射频识别系统使用标签或标签贴在要识别的物体上，称为询问器或阅读器的双向无线电收发器向标签发送信号并读取其响应，读者通常将其观察结果发送给 计算机系统运行RFID软件或RFID中间件。RFID标签可以是被动的，主动的或电池辅助的被动式。有源标签有一个板载电池并周期性地发送其ID信号。电池辅助无源（BAP） 并且在有RFID阅读器的情况下被激活。“
Frequency: 120–150 kHz (LF), 13.56 MHz (HF), 433 MHz (UHF), 865-868 MHz (Europe)902-928 MHz (North America) UHF, 2450-5800 MHz (microwave), 3.1–10 GHz (microwave)
Range: 10cm to 200m
Examples: Road tolls, Building Access, Inventory
频率：120-150 kHz（LF），13.56 MHz（HF），433 MHz（UHF），865-868 MHz（欧洲）902-928 MHz（北美）UHF，2450-5800 MHz（微波），3.1-10 GHz（微波）
范围：10厘米至200米
示例：道路收费，建筑物访问，库存
EnOcean - ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 (Alliance)
Description:
"The EnOcean technology is an energy harvesting wireless technology used primarily in building automation systems; but is also applied to other applications in industry, transportation, logistics and smart homes.Modules based on EnOcean technology combine micro energy converters with ultra low power electronics and enable wireless communications between batteryless wireless sensors, switches, controllers and gateways."
- Frequency: 315 MHz, 868 MHz, 902 MHz
Range: 300m Outdoor, 30m Indoors
Examples: Wireless switches, sensors and controls
“EnOcean技术是一种主要用于楼宇自动化系统的能量收集无线技术，但也适用于工业，交通运输，物流和智能家居等领域的其他应用。基于EnOcean技术的模块将微能量转换器与超低功耗电子器件结合在一起，无电池无线传感器，交换机，控制器和网关之间的无线通信。“
- 频率：315MHz，868MHz，902MHz
范围：300米户外，30米室内
示例：无线开关，传感器和控件
NFC - ISO/IEC 18092 and ISO/IEC 14443-2,3,4, JIS X6319-4
Description:
"NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 10 cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s.NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target. This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC peer-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered"Frequency: 13.56 MHz
Range: < 0.2 m
Examples: Smart Wallets/Cards, Action Tags, Access Control
“NFC是一组短距离无线技术，通常需要10厘米或更小的距离，NFC在ISO / IEC 18000-3空中接口上工作在13.56 MHz，速率范围从106 kbit / s到424 kbit / s .NFC始终涉及发起者和目标;发起者主动生成可为被动目标供电的RF场，这使得NFC目标可以采用非常简单的外形因素，如标签，贴纸，钥匙链或不需要电池的卡。NFC对等通信是可能的，只要两个设备都通电“频率：13.56 MHz
范围：<0.2米
示例：智能钱包/卡片，行动标签，访问控制
Description:
"Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security."
“蓝牙是一种无线技术标准，可用于从固定和移动设备短距离交换数据（使用2400-2480 MHz ISM频段中的短波无线电传输），创建具有高安全级别的个人局域网（PAN）。”
Frequency: 2.4GHz
Range: 1-100m
Examples: Hands-free headsets, key dongles, fitness trackers
频率：2.4GHz
范围：1-100米
例如：免提耳机，钥匙扣，健身追踪器
Description:
"Wi-Fi is a technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards"
- 802.11a/b/g/n/af, WiFi Direct, WPS
“Wi-Fi是一项技术，它允许电子设备通过计算机网络（包括高速互联网连接）以无线方式（使用无线电波）交换数据。Wi-Fi联盟将Wi-Fi定义为任何”无线局域网WLAN）基于电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）802.11标准的产品“
- 802.11a / b / g / n / af，WiFi Direct，WPS
Frequency: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 4.9/5.0 GHz bands.
Range: Common range is up to 100m but can be extended.
Applications: Routers, Tablets, etc
频率：2.4 GHz，3.6 GHz和4.9 / 5.0 GHz频段。
范围：常用范围可达100米，但可以延长。
应用：路由器，平板电脑等
Description:
"Weightless is a proposed proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data between a base station and thousands of machines around it using White space (wavelength radio transmissions in unoccupied TV transmission channels) with high levels of security."
“无重力是一种提议的专有开放无线技术标准，用于在基站和周围的数千台机器之间使用白色空间（空闲电视传输信道中的波长无线电传输）以高度安全性交换数据。”
Frequency: Varies with legislation (470 – 790MHz)
Range: Up to 10km
Data Rates: 1kbits/s to 10Mbits/s
Examples: Smart meters, traffic sensors, industrial monitoring
频率：随立法而变化（470 - 790MHz）
范围：最多10公里
数据速率：1kbits / s到10Mbits / s
例如：智能电表，交通传感器，工业监控
Description:
"GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services.
Terrestrial GSM networks now cover more than 90% of the world’s population. GSM satellite roaming has also extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not available."
“GSM（全球移动通信系统）是一种用于传输移动语音和数据服务的开放式数字蜂窝技术。
地面GSM网络现在覆盖全球90％以上的人口。 GSM卫星漫游还扩大了对地面覆盖不可用区域的服务访问。“
Frequency: Europe: 900MHz & 1.8GHz, US: 1.9GHz & 850MHz, Full List can be found here.
Data Rate: 9.6 kbps
Examples: Cell phones, M2M, smart meter, asset tracking
数据速率：9.6 kbps
例如：手机，M2M，智能电表，资产追踪
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