ubuntu下php7+mysql+nginx安装笔记

环境：ubuntu 16.04

一、安装所需要的源
apt-get install build-essential automake autoconf cmake libtool libcurses-ocaml-dev libxml2-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libxpm-dev libfreetype6-dev libxslt1-dev openssl pkg-config

二、下载所需要的软件(a-z排列)
libiconv http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/
libmcrypt https://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/
mhash https://sourceforge.net/projects/mhash/files/
mcrypt https://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/MCrypt/
mariadb https://mariadb.org/download/
php http://php.net/downloads.php
libmemcached https://launchpad.net/libmemcached/+download
memcached https://github.com/php-memcached-dev/php-memcached.git
phpredis https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis.git
imagick http://pecl.php.net/package/imagick
zlib http://www.zlib.net/
openssl https://www.openssl.org/source/
pcre https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/
nginx http://tengine.taobao.org

三、安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP所需的支持库

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && sudo make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo /sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
sudo make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make && sudo make install
cd ../

sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so /usr/lib/libssl.so

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.4.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.4/
sudo /sbin/ldconfig
./configure
/*******************************************
编译中，会报error: mhash_config.h: No such file or directory这样的错误，解决办法如下
touch /usr/local/include/mhash_config.h
接着再安装
*******************************************/
make
sudo make install
cd ../

四：安装mysql

1、运行完以上命令，再运行下面的命令安装上缺失的包
sudo apt-get install libcurses-ocaml-dev libxml2-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libxpm-dev libfreetype6-dev libxslt1-dev

2、编译安装MySQL mariadb-10.1.18.tar.gz
sudo /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
sudo /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
tar zxvf mariadb-10.1.18.tar.gz
cd mariadb-10.1.18/
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_LIBWRAP=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=yes

make
sudo make install

①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
sudo mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
sudo mkdir -p /data/mysql/binlog/binlog
sudo chmod +w /data/mysql
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
sudo /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql

③、创建my.cnf配置文件：添加以下内容
sudo cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /data/mysql/my.cnf
sudo vi /data/mysql/my.cnf
#############################################################################################
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
#############################################################################################
④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：

sudo vi /data/mysql/mysql

　　输入以下内容（这里的用户名root和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：
###########################################################################################
#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="root"
mysql_password="123456"

function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf 2>&1 > --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data &
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}

function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf "Usage: /data/mysql/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
###########################################################################################
⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：

sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
sudo chmod +x /data/mysql/mysql

⑥、启动MySQL：

sudo /data/mysql/mysql start

⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
###########################################################################################

⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：

/data/mysql/mysql stop

五、安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
1、建立 www 用户
sudo /usr/sbin/groupadd www
sudo /usr/sbin/useradd -g www -s /sbin/nologin -r www
2、解压安装
tar zxvf php-7.0.12.tar.gz
cd php-7.0.12/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --enable-opcache=yes --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --with-curl --with-pear --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-xpm-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-mcrypt --with-mhash --with-xmlrpc --with-xsl --with-bz2 --with-gettext --disable-debug --enable-exif --enable-wddx --enable-zip --enable-bcmath --enable-calendar --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-shmop --enable-dba --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-sysvmsg --disable-rpath --enable-inline-optimization --enable-pcntl --enable-mbregex --with-pcre-regex --with-pdo-mysql --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli --with-iconv-dir --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --enable-zip --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-maintainer-zts --enable-exif --enable-ftp

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
sudo make install

3、拷贝php.ini等配置文件
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
cd ../

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install imagemagick libmagickwand-dev

tar zxf libmemcached-1.0.18.tar.gz
cd libmemcached-1.0.18
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmemcached --with-memcached
make && sudo make install
cd ../

git clone https://github.com/php-memcached-dev/php-memcached.git
cd php-memcached
git checkout php7
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-memcached --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-libmemcached-dir=/usr/local/libmemcached --disable-memcached-sasl
make
sudo make install
cd ../

git clone https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis.git
cd phpredis
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
sudo make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-3.4.3RC1.tgz
cd imagick-3.4.3RC1/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
sudo make install
cd ../

5、修改php.ini文件
sudo vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
修改 php.ini ，去掉 date.timezone 的注释，并设置为 date.timezone = PRC
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为
###########################################################################################
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20151012/"
###########################################################################################
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
###########################################################################################
extension = "memcached.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
extension = "redis.so"
###########################################################################################
　　再查找zlib.output_compression = Off
　　修改为zlib.output_compression = On

按住shift+g跳到php.ini最后一行，加上opcache相关配置
###########################################################################################
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20151012/opcache.so"
opcache.force_restart_timeout=3600
opcache.memory_consumption=1024
opcache.optimization_level=1
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4096
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
###########################################################################################

添加php比较危险的函数
###########################################################################################
disable_functions = exec,system,passthru,ini_alter,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,link,leak,proc_open,popepassthru,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,proc_get_status,popen,com,eval,gzuncompress,php_admin_value,php_admin_flag
###########################################################################################

6、创建php的启动角本　
sudo vi /usr/local/php/php-fpm
###########################################################################################
#!/bin/sh

function_start_php()
{
printf "Starting Php-fpm...\n"
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -g /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
}

function_stop_php()
{
printf "Stoping Php-fpm...\n"
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
}

function_restart_php()
{
printf "Restarting Php-fpm...\n"
kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_php
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_php
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_php
else
printf "Usage: /usr/local/php/php-fpm {start|stop|restart}\n"
fi
###########################################################################################

给php-fpm执行以下命令
chmod +x /usr/local/php/php-fpm

启动PHP命令
/usr/local/php/php-fpm start

启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，p进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为ww

三、安装Nginx(Tengine)
1、安装Nginx所需的库,解压这些文件，并不需要安装：
tar -xvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-8.37.tar.gz

2、安装Tengine
tar zxvf tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
cd tengine-2.1.0/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/data/soft/pcre-8.37 --with-zlib=/data/soft/zlib-1.2.8

注意：--with-pcre=/data/soft/pcre-8.37指向的是源码包解压的路径，而不是安装的路径，否则会报错,同样,openssl zlib的路径都是源码包解压路径s。
make && sudo make install
cd ../

3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data/logs
chmod +w /data/logs
chown -R www:www /data/logs

4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

　　输入以下内容：
#####################################################################################################
user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
#####################################################################################################

创建php5.conf
touch /usr/local/nginx/conf/php5.conf
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/php5.conf
###########################################################################################
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
set $path_info "";
set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
set $real_script_name $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
}
###########################################################################################

创建image.conf
touch /usr/local/nginx/conf/image.conf
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/image.conf
###########################################################################################
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
###########################################################################################

创建js.conf
touch /usr/local/nginx/conf/js.conf
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/js.conf
###########################################################################################
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1d;
}
###########################################################################################
创建vhosts/a.conf
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
touch /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/a.conf
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/a.conf
###########################################################################################
server
{
listen 80;
charset utf-8;
server_name 192.168.1.50;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/www/blog;
#limit_conn crawler 20;
include php5.conf;
include image.conf;
include js.conf;
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data/logs/access.log access;
}
###########################################################################################

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
###########################################################################################
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

#PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
###########################################################################################

5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
sudo vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容：
#################################################
ulimit -SHn 65535
/data/mysql/mysql start
/usr/local/php/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
#################################################

五、优化Linux内核参数
sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：
#############################################################
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
##############################################################

使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2、平滑重启：
①、对于Nginx 0.8.以后的版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

3、创建Nginx启动脚本
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/nginx
###############################################################
#!/bin/sh
nginx_s="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

function_start_nginx()
{
printf "Starting nginx...\n"
${nginx_s}
}

function_stop_nginx()
{
printf "Stoping nginx...\n"
${nginx_s} -s stop
}

function_restart_nginx()
{
printf "Restarting nginx...\n"
${nginx_s} -s reload
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_nginx
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_nginx
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_nginx
else
printf "Usage: /usr/local/nginx/nginx {start|stop|restart}\n"
fi
###############################################################
chmod +x /usr/local/nginx/nginx

七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

输入以下内容：
######################################################################
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/data/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
######################################################################
chmod +x /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e

输入以下内容：
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh