【JavaEE案例】Spring MVC入门程序

【案例介绍】 

Spring MVC入门程序：该程序要求在浏览器发起请求，由Spring MVC接收请求并响应。

【案例实现】

1.利用Maven创建一个Web应用

2.引入相关依赖 pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--JSP-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVC</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

3.配置web运行的Tomcat服务器

参考  1.配置Web运行的Tomcat服务器和2.Tomcat:HTTP状态404

4.配置前端控制器web.xml：Spring MVC通过前端控制器拦截客户端的请求并进行转发

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <!-- 配置 Spring MVC 的前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <!-- 配置初始化参数，用于读取 Spring MVC 的配置文件 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 应用加载时创建-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5.配置处理器映射信息和视图解析器 spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 配置 Spring MVC 要扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.controller"/>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

6.创建处理器HelloController.java：用于处理客户端的请求并指定响应时跳转的页面

package com.itheima.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Welcome to my first Spring MVC application.");
        return "/WEB-INF/success.jsp";
    }
}

7.创建视图页面success.jsp：用于对客户端请求进行处理后的视图进行展示

<html>
<head>
    <title>Hello Spring MVC Application</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Spring MVC Hello Controller</h2>
</body>
</html>

index.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>