打包应用和构建Docker镜像（docker在windows上）

在构建Docker时编译应用

一般有两种方法在构建镜像时进行打包应用。第一种方法就是使用基本的镜像，该镜像包括应用平台和构建工具，因此在Dockerfile中，复制源代码到镜像中并在构建镜像时编译app.

1. 案例1：

（1）Dockerfile内容如下

PS E:\DockeronWindows\> cat .\Dockerfile
FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1-sdk-nanoserver

WORKDIR /src
COPY src/ .

RUN dotnet restore; dotnet build
CMD ["dotnet", "run"]

（2）进行构建

PS E:\DockeronWindows\Chapter02\ch02-dotnet-helloworld> docker image build --tag dockeronwindows/ch02-dotnet-helloworld .
Sending build context to Docker daemon   7.68kB

Step 1/5 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1-sdk-nanoserver
1.1-sdk-nanoserver: Pulling from microsoft/dotnet
bce2fbc256ea: Already exists
58518d668160: Pulling fs layer
fc38482307fa: Pulling fs layer
576bbc86ac65: Pulling fs layer
7ad73ad8deab: Pulling fs layer
ab1b680e44fb: Pulling fs layer
5f89579d77cc: Pulling fs layer
39f2f6871254: Pulling fs layer
19e7bac74ddd: Pulling fs layer
ab1b680e44fb: Waiting
5f89579d77cc: Waiting
39f2f6871254: Waiting
19e7bac74ddd: Waiting
7ad73ad8deab: Waiting
576bbc86ac65: Verifying Checksum
576bbc86ac65: Download complete
fc38482307fa: Verifying Checksum
fc38482307fa: Download complete
7ad73ad8deab: Verifying Checksum
7ad73ad8deab: Download complete
58518d668160: Verifying Checksum
58518d668160: Download complete
5f89579d77cc: Download complete
39f2f6871254: Download complete
58518d668160: Pull complete
fc38482307fa: Pull complete
576bbc86ac65: Pull complete
7ad73ad8deab: Pull complete
ab1b680e44fb: Verifying Checksum
ab1b680e44fb: Download complete
ab1b680e44fb: Pull complete
5f89579d77cc: Pull complete
39f2f6871254: Pull complete
19e7bac74ddd: Verifying Checksum
19e7bac74ddd: Download complete
19e7bac74ddd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:784d5f6ceef9a22d0ae224ea0e81869d2ef1348fa6611f6390da992b0661adc0
Status: Downloaded newer image for microsoft/dotnet:1.1-sdk-nanoserver
  ---> cade360c069b
Step 2/5 : WORKDIR /src
Removing intermediate container 581b35c929dc
  ---> df0351fc439b
Step 3/5 : COPY src/ .
  ---> 1769be54acaa
Step 4/5 : RUN dotnet restore; dotnet build
  ---> Running in 97b2eb76f163
   Restoring packages for C:\src\HelloWorld.NetCore.csproj...
   Generating MSBuild file C:\src\obj\HelloWorld.NetCore.csproj.nuget.g.props.
   Generating MSBuild file C:\src\obj\HelloWorld.NetCore.csproj.nuget.g.targets.
   Restore completed in 10.8 sec for C:\src\HelloWorld.NetCore.csproj.
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.3.409.57025 for .NET Core
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

  HelloWorld.NetCore -> C:\src\bin\Debug\netcoreapp1.1\HelloWorld.NetCore.dll

Build succeeded.
     0 Warning(s)
     0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:02.63
Removing intermediate container 97b2eb76f163
  ---> 48609d781e5b
Step 5/5 : CMD ["dotnet", "run"]
  ---> Running in 8906b368d1ed
Removing intermediate container 8906b368d1ed
  ---> f061c5025519
Successfully built f061c5025519
Successfully tagged dockeronwindows/ch02-dotnet-helloworld:latest

2. 第二种方法就是在构建镜像之前进行编译文件。

（1）Dockerfile文件内容如下

PS E:\DockeronWindows\Chapter02\ch02-dotnet-helloworld> cat .\Dockerfile.slim
FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1-runtime-nanoserver

WORKDIR /dotnetapp
COPY ./src/bin/Debug/netcoreapp1.1/publish .

CMD ["dotnet", "HelloWorld.NetCore.dll"]

（2）简单的编译应用和构建Docker镜像看起来如下:

dotnet restore src; dotnet publish src

docker image build --file Dockerfile.slim --tag dockeronwindows/ch02-dotnet-helloworld:slim .

编译截图：

构建镜像截图：

（3）可以看到，在编译前和编译后进行构建镜像，两个容器之间的大小差异，主要是在构建镜像时进行编译，容器需要安装构建工具。

3. 多阶段的构建和编译

（1）Dockerfile.multistage文件内容如下

PS E:\DockeronWindows\Chapter02\ch02-dotnet-helloworld> cat .\Dockerfile.multistage
# build stage
FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1-sdk-nanoserver AS builder

WORKDIR /src
COPY src/ .

RUN dotnet restore; dotnet publish

# final image stage
FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1-runtime-nanoserver

WORKDIR /dotnetapp
COPY --from=builder /src/bin/Debug/netcoreapp1.1/publish .

CMD ["dotnet", "HelloWorld.NetCore.dll"]

（2）第（1）步主要是把1，2阶段进行合并了，先执行编译，然后运行第2个容器执行。

4. Dockerfile指令

（1）构建镜像 ，Dockerfile内容如下

PS E:\DockeronWindows\Chapter02\ch02-static-website> cat .\Dockerfile
# escape=`
FROM microsoft/iis
SHELL ["powershell"]

ARG ENV_NAME=DEV

EXPOSE 80

COPY template.html C:\template.html

RUN (Get-Content -Raw -Path C:\template.html) `
      -replace '{hostname}', [Environment]::MachineName `
      -replace '{environment}', [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('ENV_NAME') `
     | Set-Content -Path C:\inetpub\wwwroot\index.html

（2）进行构建

docker image build --build-arg ENV_NAME=TEST --tag dockeronwindows/ch02-static-website .

（3）运行容器

> docker container run --detach --publish 80 dockeronwindows/ch02-static-website

3472a4f0efdb7f4215d49c44dcbfc81eae0426c1fc56ad75be86f63a5abf9b0e

（4）检查容器的IP地址

> docker container inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.Networks.nat.IPAddress }}' 3472
172.26.204.5

（5）可以通过本机的浏览器进行访问