【测试技术-性能测试-实战1】使用Loadrunner自带的系统学习脚本编写和脚本增强。

1、启动Web Tours Server

• Hp software->start hp web tours server
• Hp software->hp web tours application

2、脚本录制
2.1、录制前设置
打开Virtual User Generator

创建脚本，协议选择Web - HTTP/HTML，输入脚本名，选择好脚本存放路径，点击create即可创建好一个空白脚本。

设置录制选项，点击record按钮，设置完基本信息后，点击右下角的Recording Options，设置录制选项：

HTTP/HTML Level设置：使用基于HTML-based script录制的脚本更简洁欸，使用基于URL-based script录制的脚本，会将每个html元素都使用web_url函数加载，脚本冗长，不易关联。实际使用时基于浏览器的的应用程序（未使用HTTP安全协议）推荐选择HTML-based script；非浏览器/使用了HTTPS安全协议，推荐使用URL-based script。
编码设置（防止录制出现中文乱码）：HTTP Properties -> Advanced，勾选上Support charset（UTF-8）
其他使用默认选项即可
开始录制：录制选项设置完成后，点击Start Recording即可开始录制。

2.2、开始录制
录制完整的登录->查询航班->选择航班->支付->查看结果->退出登录流程

2.2.1、登录
登录之前先插入一个登录事务：tran01_login，然后输入用户/密码（jojo/bean），点击登录：

 登录完成后，结束登录事务：

2.2.2、查找航班

先点击页面上的Flights，进入查找航班界面，然后插入事务：tran02_findFlight，输入航班信息后，点击continue按钮进入下一步

点击按钮后，结束tran02_findFlight事务。

2.2.3、选择航班

插入事务：trans03_selectFlight，选择航班，然后点击continue，进入下一步

结束trans03_selectFlight事务

2.2.4、支付

插入事务：trans04_payment，输入支付信息后，然后点击continue，进入下一步

 结束trans04_payment事务

2.2.5、查看结果

插入事务：trans05_itinerary，点击Itinerary，查看预定结果

 结束trans05_itinerary事务

2.2.6、退出登录

插入事务：trans06_signOff，点击sign Off按钮退出登录：

结束trans06_signOff事务。

至此，整个预定流程完成，点击结束录制按钮，完成录制，生成录制脚本。

完整的录制脚本如下：

Action()
{

	//打开WebTours主页
	web_url("index.htm", 
		"URL=http://127.0.0.1:1080/WebTours/index.htm", 
		"Resource=0", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=", 
		"Snapshot=t1.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		LAST);

	lr_think_time(13);

	//登录
    lr_start_transaction("tran01_login");
    
	web_submit_data("login.pl", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/login.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/nav.pl?in=home", 
		"Snapshot=t4.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=userSession", "Value=133951.489509923ziQAVcQpHtVzzzzHtVDtApHHitf", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=username", "Value=jojo", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=password", "Value=bean", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=JSFormSubmit", "Value=on", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=login.x", "Value=51", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=login.y", "Value=10", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("tran01_login",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(13);

	//查询航班
	lr_start_transaction("tran02_findFlight");

	web_submit_data("reservations.pl", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl?page=welcome", 
		"Snapshot=t9.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=advanceDiscount", "Value=0", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=depart", "Value=Denver", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=departDate", "Value=05/28/2022", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=arrive", "Value=Frankfurt", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=returnDate", "Value=05/29/2022", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=numPassengers", "Value=1", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatPref", "Value=Window", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatType", "Value=First", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=roundtrip", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=seatType", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=seatPref", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=findFlights.x", "Value=65", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=findFlights.y", "Value=5", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("tran02_findFlight",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(21);

	//选择航班
	lr_start_transaction("trans03_selectFlight");

	web_submit_data("reservations.pl_2", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Snapshot=t10.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=outboundFlight", "Value=013;592;05/28/2022", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=numPassengers", "Value=1", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=advanceDiscount", "Value=0", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatType", "Value=First", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatPref", "Value=Window", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=reserveFlights.x", "Value=52", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=reserveFlights.y", "Value=9", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);	
	
	

	lr_end_transaction("trans03_selectFlight",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(26);

	//支付
	lr_start_transaction("trans04_payment");
	
	web_submit_data("reservations.pl_3", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Snapshot=t11.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=firstName", "Value=Jojo", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=lastName", "Value=Bean", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=address1", "Value=123", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=address2", "Value=456", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=pass1", "Value=Jojo Bean", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=creditCard", "Value=123456", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=expDate", "Value=1122", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=saveCC", "Value=on", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=oldCCOption", "Value=on", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=numPassengers", "Value=1", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatType", "Value=First", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatPref", "Value=Window", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=outboundFlight", "Value=013;592;05/28/2022", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=advanceDiscount", "Value=0", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=returnFlight", "Value=", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=JSFormSubmit", "Value=off", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=saveCC", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=buyFlights.x", "Value=42", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=buyFlights.y", "Value=10", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("trans04_payment",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(16);

	//查询预定结果
	lr_start_transaction("trans05_itinerary");

	web_url("welcome.pl", 
		"URL=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/welcome.pl?page=itinerary", 
		"Resource=0", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/nav.pl?page=menu&in=flights", 
		"Snapshot=t12.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("trans05_itinerary",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(19);

	//退出登录
	lr_start_transaction("trans06_signOff");

	web_url("welcome.pl_3", 
		"URL=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/welcome.pl?signOff=1", 
		"Resource=0", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/nav.pl?page=menu&in=itinerary", 
		"Snapshot=t13.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("trans06_signOff",LR_AUTO);

	return 0;
}

3、脚本回放

点击Replay，回放脚本：

脚本回放成功。

4、脚本增强
4.1、参数关联
作用：将服务器返回给客户端的动态值进行关联。

回放成功后，可以登录WebTours查看预定的记录是否增加了一条，如果增加了，说明脚本没问题，可以成功预定。然而登录后，发现预定的数量并没有增加。所以，需要重新检查脚本。

首先是检查登录是否成功。可以看到登录的web_submit_data方法中，提交的参数有userSession，userSession为动态为动态生成，userSession在第一次请求服务器的时候有服务器返回，所以需要对该参数做参数关联。

要获取userSession有两个方法：

在浏览器中请求页面，F12工具查看返回，在响应报文中查找userSession：

 可以看到nav.pl?in=home请求中，返回报文中包含userSession：

<input type="hidden" name="userSession" value="133944.089590928ziiQHtQpVAiDDDDDtVDDiptQtzf"/>

• 在Loadrunner中，请求的上一步操作的任一地方，点击右键->Show snapshot，然后在Snapshot中使用Ctrl+F查找该值，同样可以找到：

 

 找到userSession后，即可开始编写关联函数，关联函数为web_reg_save_param()，具体如下：

//设置userSession参数关联
web_reg_save_param("userSession",							//参数名
                   "LB=name=\"userSession\" value=\"",		//左边界：参数值的左边字符，如果带有双引号，需要用\进行转义
                   "RB=\"/>",								//右边界：参数值的右边字符，根据左右边界可以唯一确定参数值
                   LAST);	

注意关联需要写到操作函数的上面，关联函数编写完成后，需要替换脚本中的参数值，将登录时的提交参数替换如下：

web_submit_data("login.pl", 
                "Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/login.pl", 
                "Method=POST", 
                "RecContentType=text/html", 
                "Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/nav.pl?in=home", 
                "Snapshot=t42.inf", 
                "Mode=HTML", 
                ITEMDATA, 
                "Name=userSession", "Value={userSession}", ENDITEM, 		//参数关联，参数名需要用{}括起来
                "Name=username", "Value=jojo", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=password", "Value=bean", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=JSFormSubmit", "Value=on", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=login.x", "Value=42", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=login.y", "Value=12", ENDITEM, 
                LAST);

关联完成后，重新回放，然后登录网站检查，可以看到Itinerary中订单多了一个记录，每回放一次都会多一条，说明关联成功，脚本可以正常完成登录了。

4.2、参数化
在该脚本中，所有参数均是固定的，比如订票操作，每次都是订的Denver->Frankfurt，如果想要每次预定都使用不同的出发/到达城市对，则需要进行对响应的数据进行参数化，具体操作参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42115131/article/details/124965795

设置好的脚本如下：
 

web_submit_data("reservations.pl", 
                "Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
                "Method=POST", 
                "RecContentType=text/html", 
                "Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl?page=welcome", 
                "Snapshot=t47.inf", 
                "Mode=HTML", 
                ITEMDATA, 
                "Name=advanceDiscount", "Value=0", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=depart", "Value={depart}", ENDITEM, 					//出发城市参数化
                "Name=departDate", "Value=05/27/2022", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=arrive", "Value={arrive}", ENDITEM, 					//到达城市参数化
                "Name=returnDate", "Value=05/28/2022", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=numPassengers", "Value=1", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=seatPref", "Value=Window", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=seatType", "Value=Business", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=.cgifields", "Value=roundtrip", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=.cgifields", "Value=seatType", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=.cgifields", "Value=seatPref", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=findFlights.x", "Value=63", ENDITEM, 
                "Name=findFlights.y", "Value=8", ENDITEM, 
                LAST);

参数值在Parameters中可以进行设置。

参数设置时，Select next row框选取Unique和Sequential有如下区别，以10个虚拟用户迭代10次为例：

当选择Sequential时，可以看到，同一个每个虚拟用户取值相同，下一次迭代取第二个参数，第6次迭代参数已取完，重新循环取第一个值：

 当选择Unique时，表示每个虚拟用户取唯一的一个值，每次迭代每个虚拟用户都会取不同参数值，由于只设置了5个虚拟用户，所以后5个虚拟用户未取到值：

 替换参数后，重新运行脚本，在runtime setting中将迭代设置为5次，完成后登录网站查看是否生成了5个不同城市对的订单

可以看出，生成的5个记录全是Denver/Frankfurt。参数化并未生效。

再次检查脚本，发现查询航班完成后的选择航班提交的数据，outboundFlight为013;592;05/28/2022，即不论查询结果是什么，每次选择的航班都是013号，592$，该值为查询航班时由服务器返回的值，所以，还需要对该值做参数关联，关联方法同userSession：
 

web_reg_save_param("outboundFlight",
                   "LB=name=\"outboundFlight\" value=\"",
                   "RB=\">",
                   "Ord=2",					//相同的左右边界共有4个，取第二个
                   LAST);

关联之后，把后面脚本中出现该参数的地方都用关联的参数替换掉，然后重新执行脚本，检查结果：

可以看到，成功预定了5张不同出发到达城市对的票。

4.3、检查点设置
订票成功后，页面上会返回字符串”Thank you for booking through Web Tours.“，这儿介绍两种设置检查点的方法：

4.3.1、web_reg_find()函数
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42115131/article/details/124965795

4.3.2、保存&对比
原理和参数关联一致，先将服务器返回的参数保存下来：
 

<small><B>Thank you for booking through Web Tours.</B></small>

web_reg_save_param("response",
                   "LB=<small><B>",
                   "RB=</B></small>",
                   LAST);

在payment之后，对服务器返回值和预期值做对比：

//检查支付是否成功
if(strstr(lr_eval_string("{payment_result}"), "Thank you for booking through Web Tours.")!=NULL){
    //strstr(str1, str2)为c语言函数，如果str2为str1子串，则返回字串出现的位置；不是则返回NULL
    //lr_eval_string()函数作用为返回脚本中的一个参数当前的值，格式为：lr_eval_string("{参数名}");
    lr_end_transaction("trans04_payment",LR_PASS);
    //事务有3种结束状态，LR_AUTO为自动结束，不判断成功失败；LR_FAIL为以失败的状态结束；LR_PASS为以成功的状态结束	   	
    lr_output_message("Success! depart is %s, arrive is %s.", lr_eval_string("{depart}"), lr_eval_string("{arrive}"));
    //lr_output_message为打印函数
}else{
    lr_end_transaction("trans04_payment",LR_PASS);
    lr_output_message("FAIL!!!!!!");
}

加入检查点后，重新运行，结果如下：

Action.c(149): Success! depart is Portland, arrive is Denver.
Action.c(149): Success! depart is San Francisco, arrive is Frankfurt.
Action.c(149): Success! depart is Seattle, arrive is London.
Action.c(149): Success! depart is Sydney, arrive is Los Angeles.
Action.c(149): Success! depart is Zurich, arrive is Paris.

至此，脚本调试完成，可以将脚本加载到controller中设置场景执行。完整脚本如下：

Action()
{

	//设置userSession参数关联
	web_reg_save_param("userSession",			//参数名
		"LB=name=\"userSession\" value=\"",		//左边界：参数值的左边字符，如果带有双引号，需要用\进行转义
		"RB=\"/>",								//右边界：参数值的右边字符，根据左右边界可以唯一确定参数值
		LAST);		
	
	//打开WebTours主页
	web_url("index.htm", 
		"URL=http://127.0.0.1:1080/WebTours/index.htm", 
		"Resource=0", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=", 
		"Snapshot=t1.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		LAST);

	lr_think_time(13);

	//登录
	lr_start_transaction("tran01_login");
	
	web_submit_data("login.pl", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/login.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/nav.pl?in=home", 
		"Snapshot=t4.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=userSession", "Value={userSession}", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=username", "Value=jojo", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=password", "Value=bean", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=JSFormSubmit", "Value=on", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=login.x", "Value=51", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=login.y", "Value=10", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("tran01_login",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(13);

	//查询航班
	lr_start_transaction("tran02_findFlight");
	
	//设置outboundFlight关联函数
	web_reg_save_param("outboundFlight",
       "LB=name=\"outboundFlight\" value=\"",
       "RB=\">",
       "Ord=2",					//相同的左右边界共有4个，取第二个
       LAST);	

	web_submit_data("reservations.pl", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl?page=welcome", 
		"Snapshot=t9.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=advanceDiscount", "Value=0", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=depart", "Value={depart}", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=departDate", "Value=05/28/2022", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=arrive", "Value={arrive}", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=returnDate", "Value=05/29/2022", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=numPassengers", "Value=1", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatPref", "Value=Window", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatType", "Value=First", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=roundtrip", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=seatType", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=seatPref", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=findFlights.x", "Value=65", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=findFlights.y", "Value=5", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("tran02_findFlight",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(21);

	//选择航班
	lr_start_transaction("trans03_selectFlight");

	web_submit_data("reservations.pl_2", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Snapshot=t10.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=outboundFlight", "Value={outboundFlight}", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=numPassengers", "Value=1", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=advanceDiscount", "Value=0", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatType", "Value=First", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatPref", "Value=Window", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=reserveFlights.x", "Value=52", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=reserveFlights.y", "Value=9", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);	

	lr_end_transaction("trans03_selectFlight",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(26);

	//支付
	lr_start_transaction("trans04_payment");
	
    //保存返回的参数，做事务状态检查
	web_reg_save_param("payment_result",
       "LB=<small><B>",
       "RB=</B></small>",
       LAST);
	
	web_submit_data("reservations.pl_3", 
		"Action=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Method=POST", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/reservations.pl", 
		"Snapshot=t11.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		ITEMDATA, 
		"Name=firstName", "Value=Jojo", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=lastName", "Value=Bean", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=address1", "Value=123", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=address2", "Value=456", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=pass1", "Value=Jojo Bean", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=creditCard", "Value=123456", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=expDate", "Value=1122", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=saveCC", "Value=on", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=oldCCOption", "Value=on", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=numPassengers", "Value=1", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatType", "Value=First", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=seatPref", "Value=Window", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=outboundFlight", "Value={outboundFlight}", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=advanceDiscount", "Value=0", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=returnFlight", "Value=", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=JSFormSubmit", "Value=off", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=.cgifields", "Value=saveCC", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=buyFlights.x", "Value=42", ENDITEM, 
		"Name=buyFlights.y", "Value=10", ENDITEM, 
		LAST);
	
	//检查支付是否成功
	if(strstr(lr_eval_string("{payment_result}"), "Thank you for booking through Web Tours.")!=NULL){
	   	//strstr(str1, str2)为c语言函数，如果str2为str1子串，则返回字串出现的位置；不是则返回NULL
	   	//lr_eval_string()函数作用为返回脚本中的一个参数当前的值，格式为：lr_eval_string("{参数名}");
	   	lr_end_transaction("trans04_payment",LR_PASS);
		//事务有3种结束状态，LR_AUTO为自动结束，不判断成功失败；LR_FAIL为以失败的状态结束；LR_PASS为以成功的状态结束	   	
		lr_output_message("Success! depart is %s, arrive is %s.", lr_eval_string("{depart}"), lr_eval_string("{arrive}"));
		//lr_output_message为打印函数
	}else{
	   	lr_end_transaction("trans04_payment",LR_PASS);
	   	lr_output_message("FAIL!!!!!!");
	}


	lr_think_time(16);

	//查询预定结果
	lr_start_transaction("trans05_itinerary");

	web_url("welcome.pl", 
		"URL=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/welcome.pl?page=itinerary", 
		"Resource=0", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/nav.pl?page=menu&in=flights", 
		"Snapshot=t12.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("trans05_itinerary",LR_AUTO);

	lr_think_time(19);

	//退出登录
	lr_start_transaction("trans06_signOff");

	web_url("welcome.pl_3", 
		"URL=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/welcome.pl?signOff=1", 
		"Resource=0", 
		"RecContentType=text/html", 
		"Referer=http://127.0.0.1:1080/cgi-bin/nav.pl?page=menu&in=itinerary", 
		"Snapshot=t13.inf", 
		"Mode=HTML", 
		LAST);

	lr_end_transaction("trans06_signOff",LR_AUTO);

	return 0;
}