1、前后端RSA加解密实现思路

按照约定来说公钥一般用来加密，大家都可以获取得到，私钥用来解密，当然你也可以混着用，以下示例是前端通过加密，后端解密.

公钥

私钥

2、前端

//安装好jsencrypt.js并引入（若依已经添加该组件）src/utils/jsencrypt.js
import JSEncrypt from 'jsencrypt/bin/jsencrypt.min'

//在你需要使用的地方引入组件，比如下面的加密
import {
    
     encrypt } from '@/utils/jsencrypt'

//...
//将表单中的用户名加密，根据submit提交到后端
const username = encrypt(userInfo.username);
//...

3、后端

/**
 * 登录方法
 * 
 * @param loginBody 登录信息
 * @return 结果
 */
@PostMapping("/login")
public AjaxResult login(@RequestBody LoginBody loginBody)
{
    
    
	//RSA解密
	//前提是RSA的公钥私钥是匹配的，另外这里可以使用私钥给字符串解密
    String username = RSAUtils.decryptRSADefault(RSAUtils.PRI_KEY, loginBody.getUsername());
    //...
}


/**
* RSA加解密工具类
*/
public class RSAUtils {
    
    

	//需要跟公钥配对
    public static final String PRI_KEY =
            "MIIBVAIBAD5ANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT4wggE6AgEAAkEAqhHyZfSsYourNxaY\n" +
            "7Nt+Pr5grxkiA50efORdI5U5lsW79MmFnusUA355oaSXcLhu5xxB38SMSyP2KvuKN\n" +
            "PuH3o5wIDAQABAkAfoiLyL+Z4lf4Myxk6xUDgLaWGximj20CUf+5BKKnlrK+Ed8gA\n" +
            "kM0HqoTt2UZwA5E2MzS4EI2gjfQhz5X28uqxAiEA3wNFxfrCZlSZHb0gn2zDpWow\n" +
            "cSxQA5giCstxGUoOqlW8CIQDDOerGKH5OmCJ4Z21v+F25WaHYPxCFMvwxpcw99Ecv\n" +
            "DQIgIdhDTIqD2jfYjPTY8Jj3EDGPbH2HHuffvflECt3Ek60CIQCFRlCkHpi7hthh\n" +
            "YhovyloRYsM+5/0BzlEAuO0ktMQIgSPT3aFAgJYwKpqRYKlLDVcflZFCKY7u3\n" +
            "UP8iW5i1Qw0Y=";

    // 加密数据和秘钥的编码方式
    public static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";

    // 填充方式
    public static final String AES_ALGORITHM = "AES/CFB/PKCS5Padding";
    public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";
    public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM_NOPADDING = "RSA";

    /**
     *  解密接收数据
     */
    public static String decryptReceivedData(PublicKey externalPublicKey, PrivateKey selfPrivateKey, String receiveData) throws InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, DecoderException {
    
    

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Map<String, String> receivedMap = (Map<String, String>) JSON.parse(receiveData);

        // receivedMap为请求方通过from urlencoded方式，请求过来的参数列表
        String inputSign = receivedMap.get("sign");

        // 用请求方提供的公钥验签，能配对sign，说明来源正确
        inputSign = decryptRSA(externalPublicKey, inputSign);

        // 校验sign是否一致
        String sign = sha256(receivedMap);
        if (!sign.equals(inputSign)) {
    
    
            // sign校验不通过，说明双方发送出的数据和对方收到的数据不一致
            System.out.println("input sign: " + inputSign + ", calculated sign: " + sign);
            return null;
        }

        // 解密请求方在发送请求时，加密data字段所用的对称加密密钥
        String key = receivedMap.get("key");
        String salt = receivedMap.get("salt");
        key = decryptRSA(selfPrivateKey, key);
        salt = decryptRSA(selfPrivateKey, salt);

        // 解密data数据
        String data = decryptAES(key, salt, receivedMap.get("data"));
        System.out.println("接收到的data内容：" + data);
        return data;
    }

    /**
     *  加密数据组织示例
     */
    public static String encryptSendData(PublicKey externalPublicKey, PrivateKey selfPrivateKey, JSONObject sendData) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException,
            InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException, BadPaddingException,
            IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
    
    

        // 随机生成对称加密的密钥和IV (IV就是加盐的概念，加密的偏移量)
        String aesKeyWithBase64 = genRandomAesSecretKey();
        String aesIVWithBase64 = genRandomIV();

        // 用接收方提供的公钥加密key和salt，接收方会用对应的私钥解密
        String key = encryptRSA(externalPublicKey, aesKeyWithBase64);
        String salt = encryptRSA(externalPublicKey, aesIVWithBase64);

        // 组织业务数据信息，并用上面生成的对称加密的密钥和IV进行加密
        System.out.println("发送的data内容：" + sendData.toJSONString());
        String cipherData = encryptAES(aesKeyWithBase64, aesIVWithBase64, sendData.toJSONString());

        // 组织请求的key、value对
        Map<String, String> requestMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
        requestMap.put("key", key);
        requestMap.put("salt", salt);
        requestMap.put("data", cipherData);
        requestMap.put("source", "由接收方提供"); // 添加来源标识

        // 计算sign，并用请求方的私钥加签，接收方会用请求方发放的公钥验签
        String sign = sha256(requestMap);
        requestMap.put("sign", encryptRSA(selfPrivateKey, sign));

        // 注意：请务必以form urlencoded方式，否则base64转码后的个别字符可能会被转成空格，对方接收后将无法正常处理
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.putAll(requestMap);
        return json.toString();
    }

    /**
     *  Description: 获取随机的对称加密的密钥
     */
    private static String genRandomAesSecretKey() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException,
            IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException {
    
    
        KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        keyGen.init(128);
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGen.generateKey();
        String keyWithBase64 = Base64.encodeBase64(secretKey.getEncoded()).toString();

        return keyWithBase64;

    }

    private static String genRandomIV() {
    
    
        SecureRandom r = new SecureRandom();
        byte[] iv = new byte[16];
        r.nextBytes(iv);
        String ivParam = Base64.encodeBase64(iv)+"";
        return ivParam;
    }

    /**
     * 对称加密数据
     */
    private static String encryptAES(String keyWithBase64, String ivWithBase64, String plainText)
            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
            BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
    
    
        byte[] keyWithBase64Arry = keyWithBase64.getBytes();
        byte[] ivWithBase64Arry = ivWithBase64.getBytes();
        SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(keyWithBase64Arry), "AES");
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Base64.decodeBase64(ivWithBase64Arry));

        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, iv);

        return Base64.encodeBase64(cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes(UTF_8))).toString();
    }

    /**
     * 对称解密数据
     */
    private static String decryptAES(String keyWithBase64, String ivWithBase64, String cipherText)
            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
            BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
    
    
        byte[] keyWithBase64Arry = keyWithBase64.getBytes();
        byte[] ivWithBase64Arry = ivWithBase64.getBytes();
        byte[] cipherTextArry = cipherText.getBytes();
        SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(keyWithBase64Arry), "AES");
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Base64.decodeBase64(ivWithBase64Arry));

        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, iv);
        return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(cipherTextArry)), UTF_8);
    }

    /**
     * 非对称加密，根据公钥和原始内容产生加密内容
     */
    private static String encryptRSA(Key key, String plainText)
            throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, UnsupportedEncodingException,
            BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
    
    
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
        return Base64.encodeBase64(cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes(UTF_8))).toString();
    }

    /**
     * 根据私钥和加密内容产生原始内容
     */
    private static String decryptRSA(Key key, String content) throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, DecoderException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
    
    
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
        byte[] contentArry = content.getBytes();
        return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(contentArry)), UTF_8);
    }

    /**
     * 计算sha256值
     *
     * @param paramMap
     * @return 签名后的所有数据，原始数据+签名
     */
    private static String sha256(Map<String, String> paramMap) {
    
    
        Map<String, String> params = new TreeMap<String, String>(paramMap);

        StringBuilder concatStr = new StringBuilder();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
    
    
            if ("sign".equals(entry.getKey())) {
    
    
                continue;
            }
            concatStr.append(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue() + "&");
        }

        return DigestUtils.md5Hex(concatStr.toString());
    }

    /**
     * 创建RSA的公钥和私钥示例 将生成的公钥和私钥用Base64编码后打印出来
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     */
    public static void createKeyPairs() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    
    
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        System.out.println("公钥"+Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
        System.out.println("私钥"+Base64.encodeBase64(privateKey.getEncoded()));
    }

    /**
     *  Description:默认的RSA解密方法 一般用来解密 参数 小数据
     */
    public static String decryptRSADefault(String privateKeyStr,String data) {
    
    
        try{
    
    
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM_NOPADDING);
            byte[] privateKeyArray = privateKeyStr.getBytes();
            byte[] dataArray = data.getBytes();
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKeyArray));
            PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);

            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM_NOPADDING);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(dataArray)), UTF_8);
        }catch (Exception e){
    
    
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * 自测
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        String password = "VzQuPo/OtqlYtDzx4nM9cctzbHir92FcSms9yF5aGVtGXVYOOnsjQR16QrgpLf5/V6Ma2Iuze8ioZmNJuqdcJw==";
        String result = RSAUtils.decryptRSADefault(PRI_KEY, password);
        System.out.println("password="+result);
    }
}

若依ruoyi前端vue使用jsencrypt.js加密后端java进行RSA解密（前后端交互RSA加解密）

目录

1、前后端RSA加解密实现思路

2、前端

3、后端

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