文章目录
1. hashlib库
利用python的hashlib库，可以实现使用sha256、md5等加密算法生成哈希值。
1.1 hash对象
| hash对象 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| md5() | md5算法加密 |
| sha1() | sha1算法加密 |
| sha224() | sha224算法加密 |
| sha256() | sha256算法加密 |
| sha384() | sha384算法加密 |
| sha512() | sha512算法加密 |
1.2 hash对象的方法
| 方法 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| copy() | 复制一个hash对象 |
| digest() | 返回bytes类型的hash值 |
| hexdigest() | 返回str类型的hash值 |
| update() | 传入编码后的字符串 |
2. 使用sha256生成哈希值
2.1 生成字符串的哈希值
from hashlib import sha256
def generate_sha256_hashCode(plainText):
plainTextBytes = plainText.encode('utf-8') # 字符串在哈希之前，需要编码
encryptor = sha256()
encryptor.update(plainTextBytes)
hashCode = encryptor.hexdigest()
print(hashCode)
if __name__ == "__main__":
generate_sha256_hashCode('123')
运行结果：
a665a45920422f9d417e4867efdc4fb8a04a1f3fff1fa07e998e86f7f7a27ae3
2.2 生成文件的哈希值
from hashlib import sha256
def generate_sha256_hashCode(filePath):
with open(filePath, encoding="utf-8") as f:
plainText = f.read()
plainTextBytes = plainText.encode('utf-8')
encryptor = sha256()
encryptor.update(plainTextBytes)
hashCode = encryptor.hexdigest()
print(hashCode)
if __name__ == "__main__":
generate_sha256_hashCode('test.txt')
3. 使用md5生成哈希值
使用md5或其他算法，同sha256，只需要改动以下两行即可：
from hashlib import 算法名
encryptor = 算法名()
3.1 生成字符串的哈希值
from hashlib import md5
def generate_md5_hashCode(plainText):
plainTextBytes = plainText.encode('utf-8')
encryptor = md5()
encryptor.update(plainTextBytes)
hashCode = encryptor.hexdigest()
print(hashCode)
if __name__ == "__main__":
generate_md5_hashCode('123')
运行结果：
202cb962ac59075b964b07152d234b70
3.2 生成文件的哈希值
from hashlib import md5
def generate_md5_hashCode(filePath):
with open(filePath, encoding="utf-8") as f:
plainText = f.read()
plainTextBytes = plainText.encode('utf-8')
encryptor = md5()
encryptor.update(plainTextBytes)
hashCode = encryptor.hexdigest()
print(hashCode)
if __name__ == "__main__":
generate_md5_hashCode('test.txt')