一.实验要求
1.两个协议间进行多点双向重发布
2.R7的环回没有宣告在OSPF协议中,而是后期重发布进入的
3.解决环路,所有路径选择最优,且存在备份
二.实验拓扑
三.实验过程
1.配置IP地址
R1:
[Huawei]sys [Huawei]sys R1 [R1]int g0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24 [R1]int g0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.1 24 [R1]int lo0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
R2:
[Huawei]sys [Huawei]sys R2 [R2]int g0/0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24 [R2]int g0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.1 24 [R2]int lo0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24
R3:
[Huawei]sys [Huawei]sys R3 [R3]int g0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.1 24 [R3]int g0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.2 24 [R3]int lo0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24
R4:
[Huawei]sys [Huawei]sys R4 [R4]int g0/0/0 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.2 24 [R4]int g0/0/1 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.2 24 [R4]int g0/0/2 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.1.1.1 24 [R4]int lo0 [R4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
R5:
[Huawei]sys [Huawei]sys R5 [R5]int g0/0/0 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24 [R5]int g0/0/1 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.1.1.1 24 [R5]int lo0 [R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
R6:
[Huawei]sys [Huawei]sys R6 [R6]int g0/0/0 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.1.1.2 24 [R6]int g0/0/1 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.1.1.1 24 [R6]int lo0 [R6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 24
R7:
[Huawei]sys [Huawei]sys R7 [R7]int g0/0/0 [R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.1.1.2 24 [R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [R7-LoopBack0]ip add 7.7.7.7 24
2.配置路由(启动rip和ospf)
R1:
[R1}rip 1 [R1-rip-1]ver 2 [R1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0 [R1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0 [R1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
R2:
[R2]rip [R2-rip-1]ver 2 [R2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0 [R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 [R2-ospf-1]area 0 [R2-ospf-1]network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-1]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
R3:
[R3]rip [R3-rip-1]ver 2 [R3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0 [R3-rip-1]q [R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 [R3-ospf-1]area 0 [R3-ospf-1]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R3-ospf-1]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
R4:
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 [R4-ospf-1]area 0 [R4-ospf-1]network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R4-ospf-1]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R4-ospf-1]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R4-ospf-1]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
R5:
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 [R5-ospf-1]area 0 [R5-ospf-1]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R5-ospf-1]network 56.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R5-ospf-1]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
R6:
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 [R6-ospf-1]area 0 [R6-ospf-1]network 56.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1]network 67.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1]network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
R7:
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 [R7-ospf-1]area 0 [R7-ospf-1]network 67.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
3.对R7的环回进行重发布进入ospf区域
R7:
[R7]ospf 1 [R7-ospf-1]import-route direct
4.对R2和R3进行双点双向重发布
R2:
[R2]ospf 1 [R2-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 [R2-ospf-1]q [R2]rip 1 [R2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
R3:
[R3]ospf 1 [R3-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 [R3-ospf-1]q [R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
5.解决路由回馈问题(路由回馈:一个是OSPF内部学习到的/32的路由,另一个是R3重发布进rip,再由R2重发布进了OSPF学习到了/24的路由,导致了路由回馈。)
修改R3的环回OSPF的接口工作方式为broadcast
[r3]int lo0 [r3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
6.解决路由出环问题
出环原因: R7将他的直连路由发布到OSPF协议中时,该条路由的preference是150,在华为设备中,OSPF的优先级是10,rip的优先级是100,将OSPF重发布之后的优先级为150,所以R7将路由重发布之后,R2将其重发布到了RIP协议中,然后RIP又将其洗白之后重发布到了OSPF协议中,使得原来150 的优先级变成了100,所以R4路由器选择信任了由R3发布过来到的优先级为100的路由,导致出现了环路,所以,在R5上,出现了到达R7的负载均衡,分别指向R4和R6。
R2:[R2]ip ip-prefix a index 10 permit 7.7.7.0 24 //创建名为a 序号为10的前缀列表抓取流量 [R2]route-policy b permit node 10 //创建名为b,大动作为允许,序号为10的路由策略 [R2]if-match ip-prefix a //匹配名为a的前缀列表 [R2]apply preference 151 //定义小动作为修改优先级为151 [R2]rip 1 [R2-rip-1]preference route-policy b //进入RIP调用名为b的路由策略修改优先级
R3:
[R3]ip ip-prefix a index 10 permit 7.7.7.0 24 [R3]route-policy b permit node 10 [R3]if-match ip-prefix a [R3]apply preference 151 [R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]preference route-policy b
7.优化路由
R2:
[R2]ip ip-prefix qq permit 3.3.3.0 24 [R2]ip ip-prefix qq permit 34.1.1.0 24 [R2]int g0/0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix qq 2 [R2]ip ip-prefix z permit 12.1.1.0 24 [R2]ip ip-prefix z permit 2.2.2.0 24 [R2]route-policy z permit node 10 [R2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix z [R2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1 [R2-route-policy]q [R2]route-policy z permit node 20
R3:
[R3]ip ip-prefix hh index 10 permit 24.1.1.0 24 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout ip-prefix hh 2 [R3]ip ip-prefix z permit 13.1.1.0 24 [R3]ip ip-prefix z permit 3.3.3.0 24 [R3]route-policy z permit node 10 [R3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix z [R3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1 [R3-route-policy]q [R3]route-policy z permit node 20