电子邮件知识

1、对应用程序配置邮件会话

javax.mail.Session保存邮件系统的配置属性和提供用户验证的信息,发送email首先要获取session对象。

(1)Session.getInstance(java.util.Properties)获取非共享的session对象

(2)Session.getDefaultInstance(java.utilProperties)获取共享的session对象

    两者都必须建立Properties prop=new Properties()对象;

注意:一般对单用户桌面应用程序使用共享Session对象。

用SMTP协议发送Email时通常要设置mail.smtp.host(mail.protocol.host协议特定邮件服务器名)属性。

prop.put("mail.smtp.host","smtp.mailServer.com");

Session mailSession=Session.getInstance(prop);

注意:在真正使用创建的过程中,往往会让我们验证密码,这是我们要写一个密码验证类。javax.mail.Authenticator是一个抽象类,我们要写MyAuthenticator的密码验证类,该类继承Authenticator实现:

 protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(){  
      return new PasswordAuthentication(String userName, String password);  
  }

这时我们创建Session对象:

      Session mailSession=Session.getInstance(prop,new MyAuthenticator(userName,Password));

并且要设置使用验证:prop.put("mail.smtp.auth","true");

使用 STARTTLS安全连接:prop.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable","true");

2、配置邮件会话之后,要编写消息

要编写消息就要生成javax.mail.Message子类的实例或对Internet邮件使用javax.mail.interet.MimeMessage类。

(1)建立MimeMessage对象

MimeMessage扩展抽象的Message类,构造MimeMessage对象:

MimeMessage message=new MimeMessage(mailSession);

(2)消息发送者、日期、主题

message.setFrom(Address theSender);

message.setSentDate(java.util.Date theDate);

message.setSubject(String theSubject);

(3)设置消息的接受者与发送者(寻址接收)

     setRecipient(Message.RecipientType type , Address theAddress)、setRecipients(Message.RecipientType type , Address[] theAddress)、addRecipient(Message.RecipientType type , Address theAddress)、addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type,Address[] theAddress)方法都可以指定接受者类型,但是一般用后两个,这样可以避免意外的替换或者覆盖接受者名单。定义接受者类型:

Message.RecipientType.TO:消息接受者

Message.RecipientType.CC:消息抄送者

Message.RecipientType.BCC:匿名抄送接收者(其他接受者看不到这个接受者的姓名和地址)

(4)设置消息内容

JavaMail基于JavaBean Activation FrameWork(JAF),JAF可以构造文本消息也可以支持附件。

设置消息内容时,要提供消息的内容类型-----即方法签名:

MimeMessage.setContent(Object theContent,String type);

也可以不用显式的制定消息的内容类型:MimeMessage.setText(String theText);

注意:建立地址javax.mail.InternetAddress toAddress=new InternetAddress(String address);

3、发送Email,这里以文本消息为例

javax.mail.Transport类来发送消息。这时Transport对象与相应传输协议通信,这里是SMTP协议。

Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport("smtp");//定义发送协议
transport.connect(smtpHost,"chaofeng19861126", fromUserPassword);//登录邮箱
transport.send(message, message.getRecipients(RecipientType.TO));//发送邮件

下面是一个完整的代码:--------->>SendMail.java

[java] view plain copy

    package com.tools;  
      
    import java.util.Calendar;  
    import java.util.Properties;  
      
    import javax.mail.Authenticator;  
    import javax.mail.MessagingException;  
    import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;  
    import javax.mail.Session;  
    import javax.mail.Transport;  
    import javax.mail.Message.RecipientType;  
    import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;  
    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;  
      
    public class SendMail {  
        @SuppressWarnings("static-access")  
        public static void sendMessage(String smtpHost, String from,  
                String fromUserPassword, String to, String subject,  
                String messageText, String messageType) throws MessagingException {  
            // 第一步:配置javax.mail.Session对象  
            System.out.println("为" + smtpHost + "配置mail session对象");  
              
              
            Properties props = new Properties();  
            props.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);  
            props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable","true");//使用 STARTTLS安全连接  
            //props.put("mail.smtp.port", "25");             //google使用465或587端口  
            props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");        // 使用验证  
            //props.put("mail.debug", "true");  
            Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(props,new MyAuthenticator(from,fromUserPassword));  
      
            // 第二步:编写消息  
            System.out.println("编写消息from——to:" + from + "——" + to);  
      
            InternetAddress fromAddress = new InternetAddress(from);  
            InternetAddress toAddress = new InternetAddress(to);  
      
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);  
      
            message.setFrom(fromAddress);  
            message.addRecipient(RecipientType.TO, toAddress);  
      
            message.setSentDate(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());  
            message.setSubject(subject);  
            message.setContent(messageText, messageType);  
      
            // 第三步:发送消息  
            Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport("smtp");  
            transport.connect(smtpHost,"chaofeng19861126", fromUserPassword);  
            transport.send(message, message.getRecipients(RecipientType.TO));  
            System.out.println("message yes");  
        }  
      
        public static void main(String[] args) {  
            try {  
                SendMail.sendMessage("smtp.gmail.com", "[email protected]",  
                        "************", "[email protected]", "nihao",  
                        "---------------wrwe-----------",  
                        "text/html;charset=gb2312");  
            } catch (MessagingException e) {  
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
    class MyAuthenticator extends Authenticator{  
        String userName="";  
        String password="";  
        public MyAuthenticator(){  
              
        }  
        public MyAuthenticator(String userName,String password){  
            this.userName=userName;  
            this.password=password;  
        }  
         protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(){     
            return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);     
         }   
    } 




出自:http://blog.csdn.net/karem/article/details/4646071

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转载自blog.csdn.net/xblywl/article/details/78307143