模板语法：在HTML中写一些占位符，由数据对这些占位符进行替换和处理。
目录
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1、新建模板
新建html文件：
tpl.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学习模板语法</h1>
</body>
</html>编写views视图函数和URL路径：
views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello Django!")
def user_list(requets):
return render(requets,'user_list.html')
def user_add(requets):
return render(requets,'user_add.html')
def tpl(requets):
return render(requets,'tpl.html')urls.py:
from django.urls import path
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
path('index/', views.index),
path('user/list/',views.user_list),
path('user/add/',views.user_add),
path('tpl/',views.tpl)
]
打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/tpl/网页：
2、字典传参--基本数据类型&语法
（1）参数：字符串
views.py
def tpl(requets):
name="代码骑士"
return render(requets,'tpl.html',{"n1":name})tpl.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学习模板语法</h1>
<div>{
{ n1 }}</div>
</body>
</html>访问页面：
（2）参数：列表
views.py
def tpl(requets):
name="代码骑士"
name_list=["小明","小红","李华","康康"]
return render(requets,'tpl.html',{"n1":name,"n2":name_list})tpl.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学习模板语法</h1>
<div>{
{ n1 }}</div>
<div>{
{ n2 }}</div>
</body>
</html>访问页面
（3）用索引显示列表元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学习模板语法</h1>
<div>{
{ n1 }}</div>
<li>{
{ n2.0 }}</li>
<li>{
{ n2.1 }}</li>
<li>{
{ n2.2 }}</li>
</body>
</html>访问页面：
（4）语法：循环
tpl.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学习模板语法</h1>
<div>{
{ n1 }}</div>
<div>
{% for item in n2 %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>访问网页：
（5）参数：字典
views.py
def tpl(requets):
name="代码骑士"
name_list=["小明","小红","李华","康康"]
role_dicts={"name":"小明","salary":100000,"position":"CEO"}
return render(requets,'tpl.html',{"n1":name,"n2":name_list,"n3":role_dicts})对于处理字典值的不同写法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学习模板语法</h1>
<hr/>
<div>{
{ n1 }}</div>
<hr/>
<div>
{% for item in n2 %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</div>
<hr/>
<div>
{
{ n3.name }}
{
{ n3.salary }}
{
{ n3.position }}
<ul>
{% for item in n3.keys %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
{% for item in n3.values %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
{% for item in n3.items %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
{% for k,v in n3.items %}
<li>{
{ k }}={
{ v }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>访问页面：
（6）参数：字典列表
views.py
def tpl(requets):
name="代码骑士"
name_list=["小明","小红","李华","康康"]
role_dicts={"name":"小明","salary":100000,"position":"CEO"}
data_list=[
{"name": "小明", "salary": 100000, "position": "CEO"},
{"name": "小红", "salary": 100000, "position": "HR"},
{"name": "康康", "salary": 100000, "position": "CTO"}
]
return render(requets,'tpl.html',{"n1":name,"n2":name_list,"n3":role_dicts,"n4":data_list})tpl.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学习模板语法</h1>
<hr/>
<div>{
{ n1 }}</div>
<hr/>
<div>
{% for item in n2 %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</div>
<hr/>
<div>
{
{ n3.name }}
{
{ n3.salary }}
{
{ n3.position }}
<ul>
{% for item in n3.keys %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
{% for item in n3.values %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
{% for item in n3.items %}
<li>{
{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
{% for k,v in n3.items %}
<li>{
{ k }}={
{ v }}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
</ul>
</div>
<hr/>
<div>
{
{ n4.0 }}
<br/>
{
{ n4.0.name }}
<br/>
{
{ n4.0.salary }}
</div>
<hr/>
<div>
姓名|薪资
{% for item in n4 %}
<div>{
{ item.name }}|{
{ item.salary }}</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>访问页面：
（7）语法：条件语句
tpl.html
<div>
{% if n1 == "代码骑士" %}
<h2>Hello!</h2>
{% elif n1 == "代码超人" %}
<h2>Hi!</h2>
{% else %}
<h3>你找错人了。</h3>
{% endif %}
</div>访问页面：
3、Django框架常用文件的基本流程
4、小案例：伪联通新闻中心（爬chong）
使用爬虫获取新闻网页数据：http://www.chinaunicom.com.cn/news/list202209.html
获取请求网址：http://www.chinaunicom.com.cn/api/article/NewsByIndex/2/2022/09/news
编写views.py里面的视图函数
*注意爬虫消息头需要使用代理，否则爬取不到json文件
def news(requet):
#定义一个列表或字典存储数据
#向网址：http://www.chinaunicom.com.cn/api/article/NewsByIndex/2/2022/09/news发送请求
#使用第三方模块：requests
import requests
url = "http://www.chinaunicom.com.cn/api/article/NewsByIndex/2/2022/09/news"
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0'}
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
data_list=res.json()
print(data_list)
return render(requet,'news.html',{"news_list":data_list})编写urls.py文件
path('news/',views.news)
编写模板news.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>联通新闻中心</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>联通新闻中心</h1>
<div>
<ul>
{% for item in news_list %}
<li>新闻：{
{ item.news_title }} 发布时间：{
{ item.post_time }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>一个简单的爬虫页面就做好了：
5、最后不要忘记将改动的代码同步码云
