这里主要对openCV官网的《Installation in Linux》文档进行了翻译和解释
原文见：https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.1/doc/tutorials/introduction/linux_install/linux_install.html#linux-installation
Required Packages（需求包）
- GCC 4.4.x or later
- CMake 2.6 or higher
- Git
- GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
- pkg-config
- Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
- ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev
- [optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
- [optional] libdc1394 2.x
- [optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev
需要的命令，官网也提供了：
[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential [required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev [optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
第一行是编译器，第二行是必须包，第三号是可选的
第二步是下载源码，包括GIT和.zip包下载，zip源码链接为：http://github.com/opencv/opencv
解压后，切换到源码目录
新建build目录
mkdir build cd ./build
使用cmake生成Makefile文件
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
然后就是make和make install
make -j8 sudo make install
安装后的测试，请见下一节